PPT-Minerals & Their Properties

These notes go on pages 5 and 7 of your INB httpwwwmiiorgwwwmiiorg General Facts about Minerals Between 2 3000 have been identified A few are native elements made of only one element such as sulfur gold copper and graphite carbon. Geologists use characteristics to tell one mineral from another. What is a Mineral?. Must be a solid.. Must occur in nature.. Must have a definable chemical composition (. NaCl. ).. Must have a crystalline structure.. naturally occurring, . inorganic solid . with a specific chemical composition . a definite crystalline structure. Minerals can form from the cooling of magma which is the molten material found beneath Earth’s surface as magma rises closer to the surface the molten compounds no longer move freely and they begin to interact chemically to form minerals. If you closed your eyes and tasted different foods, you could probably determine what the foods are by noting properties such as saltiness or sweetness. . You can also determine the identity of a mineral by noting different properties.. 1) Rocks cannot be made of organic material. 2) Luster is classified as metallic and non-metallic. 3) Scientist use tests to identify minerals. 4) Minerals that make up rocks can be mined as ores. 5) A liquid or gas can be classified as a mineral. All rocks are made up of 2 or more of these minerals. . Minerals are not rocks!. Silicon and oxygen are the most abundant elements in the crust and in minerals. Oxygen is the most abundant element in minerals. A pure substance, such as a mineral, can be identified from observations and tests performed to determine its physical properties. These properties are based on the unique structure of the substance.. What are minerals?. Common rock-forming minerals. Physical properties of minerals. Basic rock types. The rock cycle. Minerals . Natural . Solid. Atoms arranged in orderly repeating 3D array: . crystalline. Mineral Characteristics. What is a mineral?. Naturally . occuring. Not . man-made. (synthetic) or biologically produced. . Pearls, . styrofoam. , charcoal are not minerals. Inorganic. Not formed from processes involving organisms (living or once living). A. Definition – four part definition. . . Naturally occurring. . . Inorganic substance (non-living). . . Crystalline solid. . . Definite chemical composition.  .  .  . There are substances that meet 3 of the 4 criteria, and are called . excludes synthetic minerals. inorganic. non living processes form them. chemically specific. has a unique proportion of elements. crystalline solid. atoms are arranged in specific 3-D patterns. Definition:. Rock thin sections. Rock thin sections are slices of rock glued onto microscope slides and polished until they are about 30μm thick (about the thickness of human hair).. The microscope used to study minerals in rock thin sections.. EPSS 51. Adapted from Greg . Druschel. , University of Delaware. Optical Microscopy. Study of how light passes through thin sections – rock cut and polished to about 0.03 mm thickness. Use properties of light absorption and propagation through a mineral . Understand how mineral crystals acquire their shape. Understand the characteristics that define a sample as a mineral. Understand that many minerals are composed of similar elements. Understand the connections between minerals and rocks and that many rocks contain similar minerals. NATURE . SUNDAY ACADEMY. ALL SITE ACTIVITY. 2013-2014. SA Schedule. 11:00 . – . 11:15 am. . Cultural Connection. 11:15 . – . 11:30 am Introduction Video Ground Rules Film. . 12:00 .