All rocks are made up of 2 or more of these minerals Minerals are not rocks Silicon and oxygen are the most abundant elements in the crust and in minerals Oxygen is the most abundant element in minerals ID: 672530
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MineralsSlide3
Mineral FactsThere are about 3000 known minerals on earth. All rocks are made up of 2 or more of these minerals. Minerals are not rocks!Silicon and oxygen are the most abundant elements in the crust and in minerals
Oxygen is the most abundant element in mineralsSlide4
GoldSlide5
TurquoiseSlide6
QuartzSlide7
SulfurSlide8
MagnetiteSlide9
AzuriteSlide10
DiamondSlide11
How do you identify minerals?By properties/characteristicsProperties stay the same. That’s why we use them.Slide12
Mineral Properties:Color
InorganicNot made from living things or fossilsNaturalNot man madeSolid
Tightly
packed, fixed molecules
Crystal
Repeating patterns
Chemistry
Atomic
structure/chemical/internal structure determines the properties of a mineral
Luster
Pearly, waxy,
earthy, greasy dull
Streak
Color
of powderSlide13
Identifying more Mineral PropertiesHardness scratch test rub minerals against each other or a glass plate,
finger nail, etc.Color-variesStreak (streak test -rub against unglazed tile, powder )Luster (shine, metallic, glassy, earth, pearly, greasy)Density ( amount of matter in a given volume)
Crystal shape
(cubic, right angles, perfect cube)
Cleavage
( splits easily, smoothly along flat surfaces)
Fracture
(does not split evenly)Slide14
DiamondsDiamonds are the hardest mineralsOnly diamonds can scratch diamonds!!A Diamonds internal arrangement of atoms leads to its hardnessSlide15
GemstonesMinerals are cut and polished to make gemstones(jewelry)Includes Amethyst, ruby, emeraldUsually higher up on the MOHS scale(hard)Would you want talc in a ring?Slide16
Scratch Test ExamplesHardness Test Example1 Can be scratched easily with fingernail. talc2 Can be scratched with fingernail, but less easily. gypsum
3 Can just be scratched with a copper penny. calcite4 Can be scratched easily with a knife but will not scratch glass. fluorite5 Can be scratched with a knife with difficulty. apatite6 Cannot be scratched with a knife; barely scratches glass. feldspar7 Scratches glass easily. quartz8 Scratches quartz easily. topaz
9 Scratches topaz. corundum (ruby, sapphire)
10 Scratches topaz and all other minerals. diamondSlide17
Formation of MineralsCrystallization from cooling magmaEvaporationSlide18
How do minerals break?1. CleavageSmooth breakageSlide19
Rock hammer and goggleTo determine cleavage and fracture, you'll need a rock hammer and a safe place to use it on mineralSlide20
Cleavage continued.Cleavage is the way a mineral breaks. Many minerals break along flat planes, or cleavages—some in only one direction (like mica), others in two directions (like feldspar), and some in three directions (like calcite) or more (like fluorite). Some minerals, like quartz, have no cleavage. Cleavage is an important property that results from a mineral's molecular structure, and cleavage is present even when the mineral doesn't form good crystals. Cleavage can also be described as perfect, good or poor.Slide21Slide22
Moh’s Scale of HardnessSlide23
FractureFracture is breakage that is not flat. The two main kinds of fracture are shell-shaped, as in quartz and uneven. Metallic minerals may have a hackly (jagged) fracture. A mineral may have good cleavage in one or two directions but fracture in another directionSlide24Slide25
Special PropertiesFlorescence-glows under ultra violet light.MagneticElectrical (quartz when pressure is applied)
.Slide26
Internal Arrangement of atomscauses the differences in hardness of different mineralshas geometric patternsis made ofrepeating patternsSlide27
Interior of a mineralThe molecules are used to identify mineralsScientist can see them with a special xray machineThe molecules determine how the mineral will breakSlide28
A microscopic image shows bacteria covered in electrically conductive grains. Bacteria can use minerals in soil as electrical grids, which helps the microbes generate chemicals they need to survive, a new study says.http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/06/120608-microbes-bacteria-electricity-minerals-chemicals-swap-scienceSlide29
http://tcm.childrensmuseum.org/geomysteries/cube/b2.htmlGreat Website!!Mohs Scale of Hardness pageSlide30