Supported by the Chesapeake Bay Trust Award period 12320172282018 Collaborating investigators Roger Mann Melissa Southworth Marcia Berman John Thomas Tamia Rudnicky all VIMS James Wesson retired former VMRC Mitch ID: 552378
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Shell/habitat dynamics in oyster restora..." is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Shell/habitat dynamics in oyster restoration and fishery management. Supported by the Chesapeake Bay Trust. Award period 1/23/2017-2/28/2018Collaborating investigators:Roger Mann*, Melissa Southworth, Marcia Berman, John Thomas, Tamia Rudnicky (all VIMS), James Wesson (retired, former VMRC), Mitch Tarnowski (MD DNR)
*
Roger Mann,
Virginia Institute of Marine Science
(
rmann@vims.edu
, 804-815-3550(cell))
p
resentation to
Chesapeake Bay Fisheries Goal Implementation Team
March 27, 2017Slide2
Reference points for oyster resource management:how did we get here and why the obsession with shell budgets? Set a goal of No Net Loss of living oysters or shell substrate: these apply to BOTH restoration efforts and fishery
management.
Recruitment (R) and growth dictate addition to the living component.
Natural mortality (M) and fishing mortality (F) dictate loss of oysters.M contributes to the shell substrate, F does not. High mortality rates result in low shell accumulation because contributing oysters are small – low mortality with oysters surviving to larger size contribute much more shell.Shell is lost to burial (B) and biological and chemical degradation (D). Shell loss rates are salinity dependent and independent of supply from mortality.Accreting reefs require equilibrium between shell addition and loss requires sustained recruitment, growth and survival of oysters to large size prior to death.Offsetting inadequate shell supply from natural processes through repletion (r) is NOT a single addition process – it requires continuing addition forever. Single replenishment action to suitable bottom IS NOT restoration. Examine the following shell budget diagrams where addition process are in BLUE and loss processes are in RED.
Mann
- GIT
–
3/27
/2017Slide3
Live oyster population characterized by density and demographicsExposed shell layer (brown shell) – substrate for recruitment Reef structure - buried shell mixed with sediment Recruitment,
R
,
and growth: S/R relationshipFishing mortality, F, with loss of shellNatural mortality, M, including disease adds shell to exposed poolLoss to burial, BLoss to biological degradation and chemical dissolution, D, salinity dependent
Replenishment,
r
D
escription of shell pools and processes.
Addition process , loss processes
Substrate enhances recruitment
Mann - GIT –
3/27/2017Slide4
Consider the following shell budget scenarios in management of both restoration and fisheries: which are stable and which are not, and more so which will accrete and rebuild habitat? Scenario #
1
2
3
4
5
6
Disease
-
+
+
-
+
+
Overfishing
-
-
-
+
-
-
Fishing
-
-
-
-
+
+
Repletion
-
-
+--+Stable?Y? NY? NNY?
Mann - GIT –
3/27/2017Slide5
Live oyster population characterized by density and demographicsExposed shell layer (brown shell) – substrate for recruitment Reef structure - buried shell mixed with sediment Recruitment, R,
and growth:
S/R relationship
Fishing mortality, F, with loss of shellNatural mortality, M, adds shell to exposed poolLoss to burial, BLoss to biological degradation and chemical dissolution, D, salinity dependent Replenishment, r
#1. Natural reef with accretion, no F, no r, shell accretes
As
M>(B+D
),
system stable
over extended periods.
Substrate enhances recruitment
Mann - GIT –
3/27/2017Slide6
Live oyster population characterized by density and demographicsExposed shell layer (brown shell) – substrate for recruitment Reef structure - buried shell mixed with sediment Recruitment, R,
and growth:
S/R relationship
Fishing mortality, F, with loss of shellNatural mortality, M, including disease adds shell to exposed poolLoss to burial, BLoss to biological degradation and chemical dissolution, D, salinity dependent Replenishment, r
#2. Natural reef, no F, no r, but increased M due to disease.
Decreased oyster longevity, lower shell addition rate to
e
xposed layer, no accretion as M<(B+D),
system fails
.
Decreased substrate enhancement
Mann - GIT –
3/27/2017Slide7
Live oyster population characterized by density and demographicsExposed shell layer (brown shell) – substrate for recruitment Reef structure - buried shell mixed with sediment Recruitment, R,
and growth:
S/R relationship
Fishing mortality, F, with loss of shellNatural mortality, M, including disease adds shell to exposed poolLoss to burial, BLoss to biological degradation and chemical dissolution, D, salinity dependent Replenishment, r
#3. Natural reef, no F, increased M
(
disease). Decreased oyster
longevity, lower shell addition rate to exposed layer, offset by
CONTINUAL
replenishment until M=(B+D),
system stable
.
Increased substrate enhancement
This is the reality
o
f sanctuaries!
Mann - GIT –
3/27/2017Slide8
Live oyster population characterized by density and demographicsExposed shell layer (brown shell) – substrate for recruitment Reef structure - buried shell mixed with sediment Recruitment, R,
and growth:
S/R relationship
Fishing mortality, F, with loss of shellNatural mortality, M, adds shell to exposed poolLoss to burial, BLoss to biological degradation and chemical dissolution, D, salinity dependent Replenishment, r
#4. Overfishing, no disease, no r, but F removes shell such
That M<(B+D),
system fails
as substrate disappears.
Decreased substrate enhancement
Mann - GIT –
3/27/2017Slide9
Live oyster population characterized by density and demographicsExposed shell layer (brown shell) – substrate for recruitment Reef structure - buried shell mixed with sediment Recruitment, R,
and growth:
S/R relationship
Fishing mortality, F, with loss of shellNatural mortality, M, including disease adds shell to exposed poolLoss to burial, BLoss to biological degradation and chemical dissolution, D, salinity dependent Replenishment, r
#5. Natural reef, no r, but with fishing, F, and increased M (disease).
Decreased oyster longevity in those not fished, lower shell addition
rate to exposed layer, no accretion as M<(B+D),
system fails
.
Decreased substrate enhancement
Mann - GIT –
3/27/2017Slide10
Live oyster population characterized by density and demographicsExposed shell layer (brown shell) – substrate for recruitment Reef structure - buried shell mixed with sediment Recruitment, R,
and growth:
S/R relationship
Fishing mortality, F, with loss of shellNatural mortality, M, including disease adds shell to exposed poolLoss to burial, BLoss to biological degradation and chemical dissolution, D, salinity dependent Replenishment, r
#6. Natural reef, limited fishing, F, and increased M (disease).
Decreased oyster longevity, lower shell addition rate to exposed layer
balanced by
CONTINUAL
replenishment until M=(B+D),
system stable
.
Continual substrate enhancement
This is the reality
o
f fisheries
!
Mann - GIT –
3/27/2017Slide11
Shell budget scenarios: long term observations in VA.Scenario #
1
2
3
4
5
6
Disease
-
+
+
-
+
+
Overfishing
-
-
-
+
-
-
Fishing
-
-
-
-
+
+
Repletion
-
-
+--+Stable?YNYNNYMann - GIT – 3/27/2017Scenario #6 applies everywhere in VA except a limited number of reefs in James River which
e
xhibit very high recruitment to offset impact of reduced longevity on shell supply. All other
s
ystems have varying levels of shell replenishment to maintain substrate cover. Slide12
Objectives for the current study. Develop salinity dependent shell budgets for tributary – scale restoration sites in Maryland and Virginia under the 2014 Chesapeake Bay Program Agreement and for actively fished and rotational harvest reefs in Maryland and Virginia. Analysis of shell amounts required to maintain sufficient shell and reef habitat based shell budgets derived from deliverable #1.Estimates of future shell resource needs for different areas and/or management types. Develop a report that outlines how to apply this methodology to other areas in the Bay
.
Mann - GIT –
3/27/2017Slide13
Progress since beginning of project (~7 weeks)The MD DNR survey database for monitoring (live oysters plus shell) has been obtained and is being reformatted at VIMS to as near as possible to format of VMS/VMRC monitoring database to facilitate analysis (Thomas, VIMS). VIMS database for survey map coordinates (shape files)are being reformatted to allow item #3 - below. (Southworth, VIMS)Writing of scripts to analyze/condense survey data to provide location dependent time series of live oyster and shell data in common format (Thomas & Mann, VIMS)Items 1 through 3 above are requirements to development of rate budgets for live and shell components of the “graphic budgets” displayed in prior slides –
this activity is planned for April-May period.
We have engaged VIMS CCRM expertise in GIS graphic development to portray all of these results in a parallel presentation format to complex databases (Marcia Berman plus support from Tamia
Rudnicky). This builds on long term collaboration between Mann lab ad CCRM – Google VOSARA for an example. We will build from this template in the project effort. Questions? Mann - GIT – 3/27/2017