DRSHASHIKANT RSITRE REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINE DISORDERS HYPOGONAISM ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION GYNAECOMASTIA POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME PCOS HIRSUTISM PERIMENOPAUSE 1HYPOGONADISM Hypogonadism means diminished functional activity of the gonads ID: 1045285
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1. REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINE DISORDERSDR.SHASHIKANT R.SITRE
2. REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINE DISORDERSHYPOGONAISMERECTILE DYSFUNCTIONGYNAECOMASTIAPOLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME (PCOS)HIRSUTISMPERIMENOPAUSE
3. 1.HYPOGONADISMHypogonadism means diminished functional activity of the gonads i.e testis or ovaries that may result in diminished production of sex hormones. Low androgen i.e. testeosterone levels are referred to as hypoandrogenism and low estrogen e.g. estradiol as hypoandrogenism. These are responsible for the observed signs and symptoms .
4. Signs and Symptoms of HypogonadismWomen with hypogonadism do not begin menstruating and it may affect their height and breast development. Onset in women after puberty causes cessation of menstruation, lowered libido, loss of body hair and hot flashes. In males it cause impaired muscle and body hair, decreased height, erectile dysfunction and sexual difficulties. Signs and symptoms of hypogonadism may involve headache, impaired vision, double vision, discharge from breast and symptoms caused by other hormones.
5. 2. Erectile DysfunctionIt is also known as Impotence. It is a type of sexual dysfunction characterized by inability to develop or maintain an erection of penis during sexual activity. ED can have psychological consequences as it can be tied to relationship difficulties and self image.A physical cause an be identified in about 80% of cases. These include cardiovascular disease, diabetes, neurological problems and drug side effects.
6. Signs and Symptoms of EDED is characterized by regular or repeated inability to achieve or maintain erection of sufficient rigidity to accomplish sexual activity. It is defined as persistent or recurrent inability to achieve and maintain a erection of sufficient rigidity to permit normal sexual activity for at least 3 months.
7. CausesCertain DrugsNeurogenic DisordersPsychological causesPerformance anxietyStressMental disordersSurgery Ageing
8. 3. GynacomastiaGynaecomastia is an endocrine system disorder in which a non cancerous increase in the size of male breast tissue. The development of Gynaecomastia is usually associated with benign pubertal changes. However 75% of pubertal gynaecomastia cases resolve within two years of onset without treatment. The pathologic causes of gynaecomstia are diverse and may include klinefelters syndrome, certain cancers, endocrine disorders, metabolic dysfunction, various medications or may occur due to a natural decline in testestosterone production..
9. Causes It is thought to be caused by an altered ratio of estrogen to androgens mediated by an increase in estrogen production, a decrease in androgen production or a combination of these two factors.Gynaecomastia in adolescents usually starts between the ages of 10 and 12 and commonly goes away after 18 months.
10. 4. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder common among women of reproductive age. Women with PCOS may have infrequent or prolonged menstrual periods or excess male hormone (androgen) levels.The ovary may develop numerous small collections of fluid (follicles) and fail to regularly release eggs.Early diagnosis ad treatment along with weight lass may erduce the risk of long term complications such as type 2 diabetes and heart disease.
11. PCOS - SymptomsSigns and symptoms of PCOS often develop around the time of the first menstrual period during puberty. Sometimes PCOS develops later, for example in response to substantial weight gain.
12. Causes Excess InsulinLow grade inflammationHeredityExcess Androgen
13. 5. HirsutismHirsutism is excessive body hair in men and women on parts of the body where hair is normally absent or minimal. It may refer to a male pattern of hair growth that may be a sign of a more serious medical condition especially if it develops after puberty.Cultural stigma against hirsutism can cause much psychological distress and social difficulty. Facial hirsutism often leads to the avoidance of social situations and to symptoms of anxiety and depression. Treatment include birth control pills.
14. Signs and Symptoms of HirsutismExcessive body hair i.e. on chest, abdomen, neck and face in women where there are very less hairs in normal females.
15. CausesIt is caused by an increased level of androgen the male hormone in females. Growing evidence implicates high circulating levels of insulin in women for development of hirsutism.
16. 6. PerimenopauseThe term Perimenopause means around the menopause. It refers to trasition years before the date of final episode of menstrual flow. The menopause transition typically begins between 40 and 50- years of age. The duration of perimenopause may be for up to 8 years. During this period the women often have changing menstrual cycles, hot flashes, problems of sleep. Symptoms can be mild to unbearable and can interfere with daily activity. It is different for each women and usually lasts for about 5 years.