For thousands of years Slavs lived in the Dnieper River Region 850 CE Russia settled by Scandinavians called Rus People from Norway Sweden Finland Main city is Novgorod then moved to Kiev ID: 787115
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Slide1
Slide2Medieval Russia
Slide3Ancient Russia
For thousands of years, Slavs lived in the Dnieper River Region
850 C.E.
Russia settled by
Scandinavians
(called Rus)
People from Norway, Sweden, Finland
Main city is Novgorod, then moved to Kiev
Slide4Map of Russia (850-1235 A.D.)
Slide5Yaroslav the Wise (1019-1054 A.D.)
Codified Rus laws
Collected religious books and translated them from Greek to Slavic
Encouraged Artists
Made alliances with other states through marrying his daughters to their princes
Divided the country up among his children when he died
Slide6Christianity in Russia
Before the Rus, the Slavic people were polytheistic, worshiping nature and their many gods
In 863 CE, the Byzantine Empire sent two monks into Russia to give them Christianity
Cyrillic Alphabet- the alphabet used by Russia, that is very similar to Greek
The monks learned Slavonic and celebrated mass in Slavonic instead of Greek or Latin. Therefore, the
Byzantinian
form of Christianity (Orthodox) spread around Russia
In 988, Vladimir I made Christianity the state religion
Built schools, libraries, churches,
Helped solidify political alliances with Byzantine Empire
After the Schism in 1054, the head of the church in Kiev set up a semi independent Russia church
RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH.
Slide7Map of Russia (1235)
Slide8Invasion of Mongols (1237)
Most of Russia conquered by Mongols
States forced to pay “tribute” to Mongols
Mongols control Russia for next 200 years
City of Novgorod remains in Russian control
Most control is left to local princes, and the Mongols didn’t mess with the Church
Slide9Ivan the Great (1480)
Leads rebellion against the Mongols
Freed Russian cities from Mongol control
Slide10Ivan the Terrible (1533)
Becomes Tsar of Russia as a 3 yrs. old
Ivan IV
New legal code
Created a council from all levels of society
Government jobs based on skill not name
Expanded Russia into Siberia
Ivan the TERRIBLE
Attacked his own followers if they displeased him (including his own son)
Created a private police force – punished anyone who spoke against the Czar
Time of Trouble
No heir left Russia without a Czar
Michael- a relative of Ivan’s wife crowned Czar in 1613 - ROMANOV
Slide11Medieval Japan
Slide12Introduction
-Japan consists of a series of thousands of Islands that form an archipelago, or large island chain.
-Japanese practice Shintoism, or “way of kami”
According to Shinto beliefs everything in nature has a “kami”
Shintoism does not have a formal text or structure but followers build shrines and pray to the “kami”
-The first emperor of the Japanese were the Yamato clan, thought to the descendants of one of the Sun gods.
Other clans gained power over the Yamato, but did not get rid of the emperor. Instead they controlled him from the outside.
Slide13Social Society
-By the 1100s Japan’s central government had begun to lose control of the empire and local clans began to fight for power.
Large landowners hired samurai, or trained professional warriors, for protection.
-Japan adopted a feudal society very similar to Europe
In exchange for their service , landowners paid samurai with food, usually rice.
-Samurai were trained warriors that wore armor, were trained in weapons, and rode on horseback.
Samurai followed a strict code of ethics called Bushido, which means “the way of the warrior”
Samurai were required to be courageous, honorable, obedient, and loyal
Many samurai adopted Zen Buddhism, a form of Buddhism that spread from China to Japan and stressed discipline and meditation as ways to focus the mind and gain wisdom
Slide14Shogun
-After many years of warfare, Japan was united by the Tokugawa family who became the SHOGUN, or generals, of Japan.
The emperor of Japan acted as a figurehead, or ruler, with no political power
-During Tokugawa rule agricultural production rose, population grew, and economic activity increased
Under Tokugawa rule, feudal society hierarchy became rigid
Ruling class: Emperor > Shogun > Daimyo (landowners) > Samurai
Below the ruling class were the peasants, artisans, and merchants
Slide15Korea
The Korean peninsula lies southwest of China and just northwest of Japan, leaving them open to invasion by the Chinese and the Japanese
The first Koreans were nomadic and traveled in clans that formed their own culture
China defeated these nomadic tribes and shared Confucianism as well as their writing system, agricultural practices, and government systems
The
Koryo
Dynasty in Korea continued some of the Chinese practices and worked to develop a distinct Korean identity
Korean society was sharply divided between the nobility and the rest of the people
Slide16Medieval
AFrica
Slide17Pre-Civilization Africa
-Africa’s large size has contributed to the wide variety of cultures that have emerge in Africa.
Each section has its own climate and provides different resources for the people who live there
-Northern Africa is dominated by the Sahara Desert while central and southern Africa is characterized by plains called the savanna.
-In the early phase of their history, most Africans lived as hunter-gatherers.
Their villages were based around their clans or families with very strict division of labor between men and women
They were animistic, meaning they believed that bodies of water, animals, trees, and other natural objects have spirits
They did not develop a system of writing but rather passed down their histories through oral traditions
-After the Iron Age, Africans began to migrate throughout the rest of the continent sharing their culture, beliefs, and languages
The bantu language formed and was shared through southern and eastern Africa creating a more common culture.
Slide18Aksum (Ethiopia)
The Aksum kingdom developed in east Africa and controlled trade along the Red Sea
This made it the richest of the kingdoms in east Africa
Aksum was a center of trade for luxury goods like frankincense, ivory, gold, but also had a sustainable agriculture
Aksum became a Christian nation after Christianity was brought from traders
Aksum began to decline in the 700s due to Muslim invaders
Slide19GHANA
Ghana did not have access to the sea, however, it still became a trading empire
They used camels to cross the Sahara Desert and trade with the other African Kingdoms
Ghana controlled al the gold and salt trade in West Africa
They taxed the goods that were brought to their empire’s markets which built them great wealth.
Slide20Slide21Mali
After Ghana declined due to Muslim invaders, Mali rose to power expanding the empire to the Atlantic Ocean
Mali reached its height under Mansa Musa
He gained most of his wealth by taxing the gold-salt trade
Mansa Musa was a devout Muslim
In 1324, he set out with 60,000 Muslims to complete the hajj
When he returned, he built large mosques, schools, and libraries to spread Islam in Timbuktu, the capital
Slide22songhai
The rulers following Mansa Musa were not as strong as he had been, and they were eventually overshadowed by the smaller but stronger kingdom of the Songhai
The Songhai were traders along the Trans-Saharan trade routes that became Muslim