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Presentation on theme: "1 Concept of Same"— Presentation transcript:
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Concept of Same and Difference
Researcher: Jean-Remy HochmannRA: Melody Wu
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Previous Studies
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Giurfa et al. (2001)
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Giurfa et al. (2001) - continue
Paradigm: Training and transfer tests Method: Y-shaped maze
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Giurfa et al.(2001) - continue
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Result: Bees have the concept of same
and difference
!
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Mercado III et al. (2000)
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Mercado III et al. (2000) - continue
Paradigm: Training and transfer testMethod: use two paddles to represent same or difference
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Mercado III et al. (2000) - continue
Dolphin # 1: Training: 89% accuracyTransfer Test: 76% accuracyDolphin # 2: Training: 85% accuracyTransfer Test: 80% accuracyDolphins have the concept of same and difference!
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Wright and Katz (2006)
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Wright and Katz (2006) - continue
Paradigm: Training and transfer testsMethod: show a pair of same or different stimuli
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Wright and Katz (2006) - continue
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Wright and Katz (2006) - continue
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Wright and Katz (2006) - continue
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Thompson and Oden (1996)
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Human infants
Infant chimpsMonkeyspigeonsBees etc.
Human infantsInfant chimpsPigeons (256 different exemplars)Monkeys (128 different exemplars)
Monkeys
Human adults
Linguistically trained
chimps
Alex the parrot
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General problems of this literature
Symmetry interpretation is not always controlled for.Symmetry applies to the overall visual pattern.‘Same’ is a relation between two objects. Usually no different results between ‘Same’ and ‘Different’.
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Kovacs and Mehler (2009)
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Kovacs and Mehler (2009) - continue
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Kovacs and Mehler (2009) - continue
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Kovacs and Mehler (2009) - continue
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Questions
Is the concept of difference harder or impossible for infants to learn?
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What are the two requirements?
1. Mental representation of stimulus2. Association between a side of screen and each representation
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Current Study - Stage 1
Hold 1st requirement constantTest whether 14 month-old can associate a side to each representation
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Paradigm
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Goal of Stage 1
Determine at what age infants can associate each side with a representation
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What are the two requirements?
1. Mental representation of stimulus2. Association between a side on screen and each representation
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Current Study - Stage 2
Hold 2nd requirement constantTest infants’ ability to represent structure AA and AB (same vs. difference)
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Paradigm
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Predicted Result
Successful: associate AA to one side while AB to anotherInfants have concept of same and differenceUnsuccessful: only associate AA to one side but not AB to another Infants might only have the concept of sameConcept of difference might be more difficult
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Future Experiment
Effect of speech labelsEffect of auditory attention cues
