2-27-15 The Cold War - PowerPoint Presentation

2-27-15The Cold War DO NOW: Why a Cold War? Agenda Analyze & Apply Data Interpret & Draw Conclusions-Multimedia Summarize & Generalize Notes Student Workbook-Organize/Classify Project-Invent/Connect/Compare/Contrast

The Marshall Plan aided Western Europe. Greece and Turkey not the only countries who needed aid from U.S.World War II left many countries in ruins.Secretary of State, George Marshall argued that the U.S. needed to do something fast.

The Marshall Plan aided Western Europe. Marshall presented a plan to offer extensive economic aid to all nations of Europe in June 1947. (Speech ) 16 W. European countries received almost $13 Billion in economic aid.E. Europe including the U.S.S.R. invited to participate. Only Yugoslavia accepted.

The Marshall Plan aided Western Europe. Marshall Plan proved to be a great success. Within 4 years, countries receiving aid saw a 41% higher industrial production than on the eve of WWII.Countries were stabilized and exports were rising rapidly.

The Marshall Plan aided Western Europe. U.S. benefited.U.S. govt. bought foods and goods from farms to be sent to Europe. U.S. farms and factories raised production to record levels. U.S. economy continued its wartime boom without faltering.W. Europeans became great consumers of American exports.

The cold war – outcomes: communismShow PDF of The Cold War: Communism Complete the worksheets

Why a cold war? Setting the stage: During and After WWII The U.S. and Soviet Union were allies during WWIIBoth counties spied on each other during WWII Both wanted to share as little as possible in the victory over the axis powers Communism was spreading Stalin took over Eastern Europe ---> The Iron Curtain Mao Zedong created the People’s Republic of China in 1949 N orth K orea V ietnam

The Iron curtain

Why a cold war? Five W’s & How:What was it and who fought it?Hostility between post-WWII superpowers: The U.S . (Free World) versus USSR ( Communist World)Would last about 45 years Neither country directly fought one another

Why a cold war? Where was it fought?Wherever Communism threatened globally

Why a cold war? How was it fought? Arms Race (each side built up huge nuclear arsenals)19 49 – USSR achieved an Atomic ExplosionTechnology on both sides led to advanced: Destructive power Numbers of weapons (Mutually Assured Destruction) Methods of delivery Goal: Maintain the “balance of power ” or if possible, gain the advantage

Why a cold war? Space Race (1957-1969) Launching satellites (sputnik 1957; Soviet victory)Race to the moon (U.S. victory)

Why a cold war? Sports and Movies Olympic Games served as a Cold War battlefield

1980 Winter olympics US team coached by Herb BrooksSoviet Union won the gold medal in hockey in 1956, 1964, 1968, 1972, & 1976US team was made up of college amateurs US won semi-final gameUS would go on to win goldSeen as more than a hockey gameConsidered greatest sports moment in history (for US)

Why a cold war? Sports and Movies Olympic Games served as a Cold War battlefieldStereotypes: We portrayed the Soviets as cold & ruthlessThey portrayed Americans as spoiled & undisciplined Goal : To prove physical superiority A Race for World Influence Goal : To outnumber the opponent (U.S. Goal = Containment )

Why a cold war? Why did the U.S. win the Cold War? In the long run, USSR’s weaker Communist system could not keep up the race; economic collapse Mikhail Gorbachev was elected in USSR in 1985 (introduced democratic reforms) Soviet Union collapsed in 1991

The Korean War

The Korean WarComplete the document analysis of the Korean War – Document C

The Korean War

TEST QUESTIONTEST Question: Which generalization about the Korean War is supported by the information on the maps? ANSWER: Neither side experienced a major military victory during the war.

THE DARNENELLES STRAIT The Truman Doctrine-Pledge to stop the spread of communism Dardenelles Strait

CUBAN MISSELE CRISIS

Cuban Missile CrisisComplete the document analysis of the Cuban Missile Crisis – Document D

CUBAN MISSILE CRISISWatch the video of the Cuban Missile Crisis. Be prepared to argue what you would have done if you were President Kennedy during the Cuban Missile Crisis?

TEST QUESTIONTEST Question :Which action did President Kennedy take following this statement? ANSWER: Ordering a naval quarantine of Cuba.

TEST QUESTIONTEST Question: The crisis described in this passage was resolved when— ANSWER: The Soviet Union withdrew its missiles from Cuba.

The Vietnam War and its Four Stages of Conflict

Ho Chi Minh-Born Nguyen Sinh Cung-known as "Uncle Ho" Led the Democratic Republic of Vietnam from 1945-69 He petitioned the powers at the Versailles peace talks for equal rights in Indochina He later adopted the name Ho Chi Minh, or "He Who Enlightens" He returned to Vietnam in 1941 and declared the nation's independence from France Ho led a nearly continuous war against the French and, later, the Americans until his death in 1969

After refusing Ho Chi Minh's invitation to join the Communist movement, Ngo Dinh Diem led South Vietnam from 1954 to 1963, when he was killed by his generals in a coup. His autocratic rule, exemplified by the imprisonment and execution of hundreds of Buddhists, and his refusal to institute land reforms probably contributed to increasing popular support for Ho Chi Minh. (OBVIOUS & IMPORTANT DIFFERENCES!!) A rich, Catholic landowning president in a predominantly poor, peasant, Buddhist country who ruled like a dictator and refused to give land to the peasants (who were promised land by “Uncle Ho” – who looked and acted like a peasant and promised economic equality.)

Reasons for US Involvement The establishment of the 'Iron Curtain' in Europe after the second World War The communist take-over of China The Korean War The communist victory over the French in Vietnam Led many Americans to fear that the communists were taking over the world and must be stopped.

STAGE 1: Advisory Role (1955-1960) GOALS: Make the ARVN (South Vietnamese Army) a model of our military Stabilize the Diem government and gain support in south Combat increasing guerrilla attacks against Diem and his supporters

STAGE 2: Counterinsurgency Role (1961-1964) GOALS:JFK takes office and vows to continue Eisenhower’s Vietnam policies Fix the Diem “problem” as his autocratic rule leads to increased demonstrations and opposition in the SouthUse covert operations in North Vietnam to engage in sabotage and light harassment of NVA

Gulf of Tonkin August 7, 1964: After N.Vietnam gunboats attacked American warships in the Gulf of Tonkin, Congress passes the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution giving the president broad war making powers in Vietnam (a so called “blank check” to escalate the war)

STAGE 3: Combat Role (1965-1968) GOALS:Continually bomb North Vietnam to pressure VC to stop attacks N.Vietnam (Ho) adopts new “protracted war strategy” intended to bog down and frustrate US military, intended to force a negotiated peace

http://www.war-stories.com/b52-sqd.htm Operation Rolling Thunder

STAGE 4: Vietnamization (1969-1975) Goals:Nov 3, 1969: President Nixon adopts the “Vietnamization” program intended to gradually transfer combat operations in Vietnam entirely to the South Vietnamese armyIntended to bring the fighting to an “honorable end”

America was the most powerful military nation in the world, yet it lost the war in Vietnam to an army of straw-hatted peasants. There are a number of reasons for this: The South Vietnamese government was widely unpopular because of its corruption and failure to introduce land reforms. The Americans severely under-estimated the Vietcong. Why Did America Lose?

Why Did America Lose? The American army was trained to fight a conventional war of 'set-piece' battles against large armies where it could bring its superior fire-power to bear. Vietnam was the first media war - widespread television coverage showing the bloody reality of war undermined support for the war in America, leading to massive anti-war demonstrations and unrest at home.

Why Did America Lose? The Vietnamese cleverly exploited opposition to the war in America. The Tet Offensive of 1968 was considered a victory by the Vietnamese, even though they were actually defeated in battle.

Kennedy and McNamara

Test Let’s see how much you know!!! Write down your answers to the following 10 questions.

1. Which country fought a war in Vietnam just before the United States? England GermanyJapan France

3. Who was the Vietnamese nationalist that became the leader of North Vietnam and the Vietcong during the Vietnam War? Mao Tse-TungTu Thong Ho Chi MinhNgo Dinh Diem

4. Who was president in 1955 when the US began acting as an advisor to the government and military of South Vietnam? Harry S. Truman Dwight D. EisenhowerJohn F. KennedyRichard M. Nixon

6. What Cold War theory was used by leaders of the US government to justify our involvement in Vietnam? Red Menace TheoryIron Curtain Theory House of Cards TheoryDomino Theory

7. What type of warfare did the Vietcong use against US forces during the Vietnam War? GermChemical GuerillaTank

8. How best would you describe the climate and geography of Vietnam? Cold, dry and flatDry, barren and desert like Wet, humid and mountainous

9. Which part of Vietnam was controlled by the US and used as its military base of operations? North VietnamEast Vietnam West VietnamSouth Vietnam

10. The US reached its peak troop strength in the spring of 1968. How many troops do you think were in Vietnam at this high point? 543,400 385, 600687,500290,900

Interesting Sites to ExploreVietnam War Myths: http://www.rjsmith.com/war_myth.html The Vietnam War Photo Album http://www.geocities.com/~nam_album/

Works CitedThe History Channel http://www.thehistorychannel.co.uk/classroom/gcse/viet.htmVietnam Online: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/vietnam/whos/index.htmlHistory of the Vietnam War 101 http://vets.appliedphysics.swri.edu/vn101/vnfaq.htm “Vietnam: A Teachers Guide”. The Asia Society’s Focus on Asian Studies, Special Issue, No 1. Fall, 1983.Pictures: http://www.google.com/imghp