Agenda What is bullying Characteristics of victims and bullies Effects of Bullying The Role of the Pediatrician in Connected Kids Your Role as Community L eaders http youtube6lL9JRImMI ID: 680082
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Slide1
Bullying
Florence Stevens MPHSlide2
Agenda
What is bullying
Characteristics of victims and bullies
Effects of Bullying
The Role of the Pediatrician in Connected KidsYour Role as Community LeadersSlide3
http://
youtu.be/6lL9-JRImMISlide4
How big of a problem?
The CDC found between 20-56% of young people are involved in bullying annually.
In a classroom of 30 students, between 6 and 17 students are involved in bullying as the victim, the bully or both.Slide5
What is bullying?
Bullying is a form of aggressive behavior in which someone intentionally and repeatedly causes another person injury or discomfort
Sometimes children argue with each other or make bad choices in their behavior- that is not bullying
American Psychological AssociationSlide6
What is bullying?
Bullying can
include
:
TeasingThreats of harm
Spreading rumors
Purposefully
excluding peers from
activities
Attacking
physically or verballySlide7
Cyberbullying
Bullying with electronic means such as computers, cell phones, social media
etc
Examples:
Spreading rumors on twitter or text messagesPosting embarrassing images or information on the internet
Cyberbullying
can be done 24
hrs
a day, shared with a large audience, and can be anonymous.Slide8
Risk Factors
Age
Ethnic, cultural, religious minority
Poor social skills
Sexual minorityObesityHealth ConditionsAutism and learning disabilities
Peer shunning is common
94% had experienced peer victimization
75% had been hit by peersSlide9
How likely are children and youth to bully others?
Graph at stop bullying.govSlide10
Differences in the Types of Bullying Experienced by Boys and Girls (NCES, 2011)Slide11
More facts about bullies
Both boys and girls can be bullies.
Boys more likely to engage in physical bullying.
Girls more likely to engage in social / verbal bullying.
Bullying is not confined to classrooms, but also on the playground, and in the neighborhood while going between school and homeSlide12
Children who are bulliedSlide13
Common characteristics of children who are bullied
Perceived as different from peers
Perceived as weak or unable to defend themselves
Are less popular than others
Do not get along well with othersSpecific groups of children may be targets, including obese or overweight, LGBT
youth and children with disabilities or special health needsSlide14
Effects of being bullied
Depression
Anxiety
Headaches and
stomachachesSleeping problemsSocial withdrawalSuicidal ideationSlide15
Academic Consequences of Bullying
Children and youth who are bullied are more likely to:
– Want to avoid school
– Have lower academic achievement
Several studies suggest that children’s experiences of being rejected by peers or bullied in other ways may lead to lowered academic achievementSlide16
Bullying and Risk of Suicide
Suicide is the 2
nd
leading cause of death for youth 10-17 in the
US
Bullied children & youth are more likely than non-bullied peers to have:
Depressive symptoms
Harm themselves
High levels of suicidal thoughts
Attempted suicide
(WISQARS CDC)Slide17
Children who bullySlide18
Concern for children and youth who bully
Common characteristics of children who bully
Aggressive
, easily frustrated,
Have less parental involvement or issues at home,
Think badly of others,
Have difficulty following rules,
View violence in a positive way,
Have friends who bully others.Slide19
Concern for Children and Youth who Bully
Children and youth who bully others are more likely than their peers to:
Exhibit delinquent behaviors i.e. get into fights, vandalize property
Dislike school, drop out of school
Drink alcohol and smoke
Bring weapons to school
Think of suicide and attempt suicide
Engage
in early sexual activity
Have criminal convictions and traffic citations as adults
Be abusive toward their romantic partners, spouses, or children as adultsSlide20
American Academy of Pediatrics
The Role of the PediatricianSlide21
Role of the pediatrician
Anticipatory guidance – prevention of bullying
Identify children at risk
Help patients create a safety plan
Refer to mental health and community resources when necessaryFollow upSlide22
Connected KidsSlide23
Building Blocks
Community Connections
Physical Safety
Connected Kids
centers on 4 overlapping themes of anticipatory guidance
Child-Centered
Parent-CenteredSlide24
Assessment
Key message: “You aren’t alone, it’s not your fault, and I can help.”
Asking the Right Questions
Have
you been in any pushing or shoving fights?
What
do you usually do to avoid getting into a
fight?
Are
you afraid of being hurt by any other children?
Do
you
feel bullied
by other
children?
I
f
you see other children in fights or being bullied,
what do
you do?Slide25
Kids who are bullied
These children may need help learning how to respond to bullying.
“
Let’s talk about what you can do and say if this happens again.”
Teach
them how
to:
- Look
the bully in the eye.
- Stand
tall and stay calm in a different situation.
- Walk
away.
Teach
them how
to say in a firm voice:
“I don’t like what you are doing.”
“Please do not talk to me like that.”
“Why would you say that?”Slide26
Kids who bully
Often these students require support to change their behavior
Be
a positive role model.
Use
effective, nonphysical discipline, such as loss of
privileges.
Develop
practical solutions with others.
Ask
for help. If you find it difficult to change the behavior, reach out to a professional, like a teacher, counselor or your child’s pediatrician. Slide27
How to find Connected Kids
American Academy of Pediatrics (www.aap.org)
Patient Education online (patiented.aap.org )
Pediatric Care Online (
www.pediatriccareonline.org)HealthyChildren.orgSlide28
The Role of Community LeadersSlide29
The Role of Community Leaders
Talk to kids about bullying
Train
other leaders to prevent
bullyingPartner together
Schools, mental
health specialists
, law enforcement
officers
, businesses, faith-based organizations, service
groups
Build
a
strategy
Know where to get helpSlide30
Universal Questions to Elicit Bullying
For parents:
Has your child been bullied or hit by others?
Has your child demonstrated bullying or aggression toward others?
From Bright Futures
For children:
Do you ever feel afraid to go to school? Why?
Do other kids ever bully you at school, in your neighborhood, or online?
What do you do if you see other kids being bullied?
Who can you go to for help if you or someone you know is being bullied?
From
www.stopbullying.gov
Slide31
Warning Signs a child is being bullied
Unexplainable injuries
Lost or destroyed clothing, books, electronics
Frequent headaches, stomach aches
Changes in eating habitsDifficulty sleeping or frequent nightmaresDeclining grades
Sudden loss of friends
Self-destructive behaviors such as running away from home, harming themselves, or talking about suicideSlide32
Signs a child is bullying others
Kids may be bullying others if they:
Get into physical or verbal fights
Have friends who bully others
Are increasingly aggressive Get sent to the principal’s office or to detention frequentlyHave unexplained extra money or new belongingsBlame others for their problems
Are competitive and worry about their reputation or popularitySlide33
Key points in responding to bullying
Don’t blame the child for being bullied
Don’t encourage children to fight back
Telling the child to ignore the bullying may cause it to escalate
Bystanders may also be affected by bullying in that they don’t often know how to respondSlide34
When does a child need outside help?
A mental health professional may be needed if:
The child is experiencing severe mental health consequences (depression, anxiety,
suicidality
)The child has particular difficulty in discussing the bullyingThe child is experiencing severe impairment in daily activitiesSlide35
Likelihood of Reporting
50-75% of children and youth do not tell school personnel, are a bit more likely to tell parents
Why do kids keep silent?
Negative messages about “tattling” or “snitching”
Gender stereotypes (boys are more reluctant)
Worried about retaliation
Lack of confidence in adult’s
actions
Feel ashamed or powerless
Stopbullying.govSlide36
Provide Training in Bullying Prevention
Adults must understand:
the nature of bullying
its effects
how to prevent bullyingeffective policies and rules
the skills to:
- S
top bullying on the spot
- Follow up routinely with youth involved in bullying and, if warranted, with their parentsSlide37
Focus on the Social Climate
Bullying prevention requires changes in social climates
Changes in attitudes, norms, and behaviors takes time and commitment
Creating safe and caring places for youth involves a comprehensive effort on the part of everyone Slide38
Coordinate and Integrate Prevention Efforts
Bullying prevention should be coordinated and integrated with other efforts
S
chool groups, such as safety committees represent the entire staff, parents, community volunteers, and youth leaders
Community groups may include representatives from many disciplines and partnering agencies Slide39
Set Policies and Rules
Consider establishing and enforcing rules and
policies that address bullying
Rules should apply to all children, set standards
for expected positive behavior
Follow up with positive and negative consequences Slide40
Continue Efforts Over Time and Renew Community Interests
Bullying prevention should have no “end date”
Communities need to continually assess prevention needs and outcomes, revise strategies and programs, and champion the benefits in children’s lives and to the communitySlide41
A Variety of Laws in the U.S. Address BullyingSlide42
Federal Laws and Bullying and Harassment
Schools that receive federal funding must address discrimination based on a number of different personal characteristics
Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination based on race, color, or national origin
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972
prohibits discrimination based on sex
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and Title
II of the ADA (1990) prohibits discrimination based on
disabilitySlide43Slide44
National Resources
Futures Without Violence
www.futureswithoutviolence.org
It Gets Better Project-
itgetsbetter.org
Teen web site about dealing with
cyberbullying
-
www.thatsnotcool.com
Big Brother/Big Sister
www.bbbs.org
Three Bold Steps for School Community Change: A Toolkit for Community Leaders-
www.stopbullying.gov
Striving
to Reduce Youth Violence
Everywhere:
Community
Action PlanningSlide45
Resources
National Suicide Prevention LifelineSlide46
THANK YOU!
Y
our support allows the American Academy of Pediatrics to continue providing patient education resources for pediatricians and the families they serve.