Diverse Learning Environments Sylvia Hurtado Marcela Cuellar Cynthia Lua Alvarez AACampU Meeting October 22 2010 Houston TX Overview Purposes goals amp Key Features of Project Developing the DLE Conceptual Framework ID: 592781
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Campus Climate, Effective Practices, and Student Outcomes in Diverse Learning Environments
Sylvia HurtadoMarcela CuellarCynthia Lua Alvarez
AAC&U Meeting
October 22, 2010
Houston, TXSlide2
OverviewPurposes, goals, & Key Features of ProjectDeveloping the DLE Conceptual FrameworkA New Assessment: Diverse Learning Environments SurveyDLE Survey Pilot FindingsSlide3
Purpose, Goals, & Key Features of the DLE Project Slide4
Purpose & GoalsPurpose:Assist educators in advancing the success of diverse studentsGoals:Develop a greater awareness about diversity, student learning, and student successAssess undergraduate skills for work and citizenship in a pluralistic democracy
Increase retention rates and improve the assessment of retentionCreate the conditions for realizing the benefits of diversity in the learning processSlide5
Key Features of the ProjectResearch: Diverse Learning Environments Survey Campus Case Studies of 7 Institutions National Retention Study (Clearinghouse)Practice: Institute for the Critical Analysis of Quantitative Data
Diversity Research InstituteSlide6
Developing the Diverse Learning Environments Conceptual FrameworkSlide7
Student Success OutcomesHabits of Mind/Skills for Lifelong Learning Competencies for a Multicultural World Achievement and RetentionSlide8
Foundational FrameworksInstitutional Adaptation to Student DiversityRichardson & Skinner (1990)Campus Climate for DiversityHurtado, Milem, Clayton-Pedersen & Allen (1998, 1999)Milem, Chang & Antonio (2005)
Student/Institution Engagement ModelNora, Barlow & Crisp (2005)Dynamics of Multicultural Teaching & LearningMarchesani & Adams (1992) adaptation of Jackson (1988)Slide9
9Slide10
A New Assessment: Diverse Learning Environments Survey Slide11
Unveiling the DLE SurveyNationally available CIRP surveyIntegrated assessment of climate, diversity practice, and outcomesInclusive of diverse social identities
Modules targeting specific topicsLongitudinal when linked with other student data (e.g. registrar data)Slide12
DLE Survey CompnentsCore SurveyModulesClassroom ClimateTransition into the MajorIntergroup RelationsCommunity College Students’ Transfer Pathway
Transition Experiences for Transfer Students at 4-year InstitutionsSlide13
DLE Survey Pilot FindingsSlide14
Pilot Sample InfoDLE Pilot data from 14 institutionsAcademic Year 2009 -10
N = 5,010 68.3% Female58.4% Students of Color33.6% Age 25+39.7% Currently at 2-yrSlide15
Factor AnalysisInstrument Coded for Conceptual Themes in Literature
Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) in SPSSPrincipal Axis FactoringVarimax RotationItems removed if loading below .35
Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) in EQS
With Uncorrelated Errors (Factor Loadings 1
st
Column)
With Correlated Errors (Factor Loadings 2
nd
Column)
Factors Rescaled to 0 – 100 with a mean of 50Slide16
ClimateHarassmentDiscrimination & BiasPositive Cross-Racial Interactions
Negative Cross-Racial InteractionsSatisfaction with Diverse Perspectives on CampusInstitutional Commitment to DiversityStudent Financial DifficultyAcademic Validation in the Classroom
General Interpersonal Validation
Sense of BelongingSlide17
Discrimination and Bias (
α = 0.889)
Items
Factor Loadings
Witnessed discrimination
.758/.750
Been mistaken as a member of a racial/ethnic group that is not your own
.454/.444
Heard insensitive or disparaging remarks from students
.685/.644
Heard insensitive or disparaging remarks from faculty
.751/.677
Heard insensitive or disparaging remarks from staff
.741/.664
Verbal comments
.775/.792
Written comments (e.g. emails, texts, writing on walls, etc.)
.753/.762
Exclusion (e.g. from gatherings, events, etc.)
.716/.746
Offensive visual images or items
.735/.733
Robust ML Model-Fit Results
NFI = .698/.955; CFI = .700/.958; RMSEA = .138/.056
Please indicate how often at this institution you have:
Please indicate how often you have experienced the following forms of bias/harassment/discrimination while at this institution:Slide18
Academic Validation in the Classroom (α = .863)
Items
Factor Loadings
Instructors were able to determine my level of understanding of course material
.753/.776
Instructors provided me with feedback that helped me judge my progress
.818/.842
I feel like my contributions were valued in class
.810/.811
Instructors encouraged me to meet with them after or outside of class
.651/.582
Instructors encouraged me to ask questions and participate in discussions
.717/.673
Instructors showed concern about my progress
.611/.588
Robust ML Model-Fit Results
NFI = .927/.986; CFI = .928/.986; RMSEA = .126/.062
Please indicate how often you have experienced the following
in
class
at this institution:Slide19
PracticesCurriculum of InclusionCo-Curricular Diversity Activities (Campus-Facilitated)Slide20
Curriculum of Inclusion (
α = 0.854)
Items
Factor Loadings
Materials/readings on gender issues
.715
Material/readings on issues of oppression as a system of power and dominance
.775
Serving communities in need (e.g. service learning)
.578
Material/readings on race and ethnicity issues
.824
Opportunities for intensive dialogue between students with different backgrounds and beliefs
.635
Materials/readings on issues of privilege
.705
ML Model-Fit Results
NFI = .987; CFI = .988; RMSEA = .056
How many courses have you taken at this institution that included the following? Slide21
Co-curricular Diversity Activities (Campus Facilitated)(α = 0.903)
Items
Factor Loadings
Attended presentations, performances, and art exhibits on diversity
.637/.649
Attended debates or panels about diversity issues
.797/.810
Participated in ongoing campus-organized discussions on racial/ethnic issues (e.g. intergroup dialogue)
.854/.866
Participated in the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Center activities
.762/.729
Participated in the Ethnic or Cultural Center activities
.844/.848
Participated in the Women’s/Men’s Center activities
.809/.782
Robust ML Model-Fit Results
NFI = .964/.981; CFI = .965/.982; RMSEA = .079/.062
Since entering this institution have you:
Since entering this institution, how often have you done the following?Slide22
OutcomesIntegration of LearningPluralistic OrientationSocial Action Engagement
Civic ActionSlide23
Pluralistic Orientation (
α = 0.787)
Items
Factor Loadings
Ability to see the world from someone else's perspective
.621/.589
Tolerance of others with different beliefs
.678/.752
Openness to having my own views challenged
.697/.672
Ability to discuss and negotiate controversial issues
.650/.728
Ability to work cooperatively with diverse people
.628/.607
Robust ML Model-Fit Results
NFI = .955/.990; CFI = .954/.991; RMSEA = .103/.052
Rate yourself on each of the following traits as compared with the average person your age. We want the most accurate estimate of how you see yourself. Slide24
AnalysisFrequencies of Select Items & Factors
Cross-tabulations of Factors by Racial/Ethnic Groups Multiple Regression on Select FactorsEnrollment Mobility Frequencies & Cross-tabulationsSlide25
FrequenciesStudent Satisfaction with ClimateGeneral Interpersonal ValidationReporting DiscriminationHarassment Based on Different Social IdentitiesSlide26
Student Satisfaction with Climate Indicators
PercentagesSlide27
General Interpersonal ValidationPercentagesSlide28
Reporting Discrimination
Scale
n = 5,007
(%)
Never
4,457 (89.0%)
Seldom
266 (5.3%)
Sometimes
160 (3.2%)
Often
82 (1.8%)
Very Often
42 (0.8%)
Please indicate how often at this institution you have:
Reported an incident of discrimination to a campus authoritySlide29
Harassment based on Different Social Identities
Social Identity Group
Never
Seldom - Sometimes
Often –
Very Often
Race/Ethnicity
71.2
23.9
4.9
Gender
72.1
23.7
4.2
Age
73.4
22.2
4.4
Sexual Orientation
86.0
11.0
2.9
Ability/Disability Status
85.2
12.2
2.7
Citizenship Status
87.0
10.0
3.0
Political Beliefs
70.2
24.1
5.7Slide30
Cross-Tabulations by Racial/Ethnic GroupsDiscrimination & BiasPositive Cross Racial InteractionsNegative Cross Racial InteractionsSlide31
Discrimination & Bias by Racial/Ethnic Groups
Racial /Ethnic Groups
Low
Middle
High
Asian
27.3
29.1
43.6
African American
40.6
25.3
34.1
Latina/o
39.6
33.2
27.2
White
36.0
35.3
28.7
Two or More
24.7
35.1
40.2
χ
² = 126.244
p < .001Slide32
Positive Cross Racial Interactionsby Racial/Ethnic Groups
Racial /Ethnic Groups
Low
Middle
High
Asian
23.6
39.4
37.0
African American
36.7
23.7
39.5
Latina/o
39.3
31.7
29.0
White
36.3
34.1
29.6
Two or More
26.8
32.2
41.0
χ
² = 106.723
p < .001Slide33
Negative Cross Racial Interactionsby Racial/Ethnic Groups
Racial /Ethnic Groups
Low
Middle
High
Asian
22.5
26.5
51.0
African American
34.3
30.4
35.3
Latina/o
39.9
27.1
33.1
White
47.7
27.9
24.4
Two or More
39.2
28.3
32.5
χ
² = 209.258
p < .001Slide34
Multiple RegressionsGeneral Interpersonal ValidationAcademic Validation in the ClassroomPluralistic OrientationSlide35
Predictors of General Interpersonal Validation
InformalVisiting Office HoursDiscrimination and Bias (-)High level of peer encouragement
Campus – Facilitated
Faculty
Staff
Academic Counselors (-)
Curriculum of Inclusion
Institutional Commitment to Diversity
Co-curricular Diversity ActivitiesSlide36
Predictors ofAcademic Validation in the Classroom
InformalVisiting Office HoursDiscrimination and Bias (-)High level of peer encouragement
Campus – Facilitated
Faculty
Curriculum of Inclusion
Institutional Commitment to DiversitySlide37
Predictors ofPluralistic Orientation
InformalPositive Cross Racial InteractionsInterest in helping to promote racial understanding
Campus – Facilitated
Institutional Commitment to Diversity
Conversations Across DifferencesSlide38
CIRP DLE LaunchRegistrationOpened Oct. 20, 2010Standard CIRP Fees: $775 admin, $3/ returned surveyPDF preview of core and modules online
www.cirpsurveys.orgAdministrationFebruary 12 – June 30, 2011Online onlyContact
www.heri.ucla.edu
HERI: 310-825-1925Slide39
ConclusionSuggestions?Comments?