Effects & Risks to Your Health - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Alcohol & drugs

Effects & Risks to Your HealthSlide2

STUDENT EXPECTATIONS

After reviewing this Unit, you should be able to:

Identify Alcohol’s pathway once ingested

Identify the harmful effects & risks of Alcohol on the body

Define Blood Alcohol Concentration & factors that determine a person’s BAC

Identify the differences between drug misuse & abuse

Identify the categories of drugs, effects, & risks on the bodySlide3

Alcohol Pre-Test (true or false)

Beer is “weaker” than rum or vodka ____________

Alcohol is digested the same way food is digested ____________

Because alcohol is a stimulant, it tends to pep

you up____________

The liver is the organ responsible for “burning up” the alcohol in the body ________

The body can eliminate about 5 ounces of alcohol per hour __________

BAC or BAL refers to the amount of calories in an alcoholic beverage __________

Black coffee & a cold shower can help to sober you up _____________

It is possible to die from an overdose of alcohol ______________

Alcohol does the greatest damage to the liver, brain, and heart ____________

Alcohol is high in calories and has no nutritional value ______________Slide4

Alcohol pre-test Answers

TRUE – based on percentage of alcohol by volume

FALSE – Alcohol is digested by different organs in the body

FALSE – Alcohol is a Depressant (slows body down)

TRUE

TRUE – 5 oz. wine, 1.5 oz. shot of liquor, or 12 oz. can of beer

FALSE – BAC/BAL stands for how much alcohol(%) is in the bloodstream

FALSE – only way to eliminate alcohol is through urine, sweat, or liver

TRUE – depends on a person’s BAC & other factors

TRUE

TRUE Slide5

Alcohol: its process, types, &

standard drink

Alcohol is referred to ethanol & is made through a process called

Fermentation

– a conversion of sugar to carbon dioxide and alcohol by yeast

Fermentation will yield certain types of alcohol such

as beer, wine, and liquors (vodka)

Standard Drink Equivalents:

Beer =

12 ounces or 7%ABV,

Wine =

4-5 ounces or 12-15%ABV,

Liquor (80pf) =

1.5 ounces or 40-70%ABV Slide6

Alcohol’s pathway

Mouth

: Alcohol enters the body

Stomach

: some alcohol gets into the bloodstream but most goes to the small intestine

Small Intestine

: alcohol enters the bloodstream through the wall of the small intestine

Heart

: pumps alcohol throughout the body

Brain

: alcohol reaches the brain from the bloodstream

Liver

: alcohol is

oxidized (burned up)

by the liver at a

rate

of .5-1

fluid ounces per hour

Alcohol is converted into water, carbon dioxide, & energySlide7

Short & long-term effects

SHORT

Relaxing

effect

Slurred speech

Slowed

reaction time, coordination, & concentration & vision

Altered emotions

More blood flow to surface of skin & lower core body temperature

LONG

Brain

–

disrupts

behavior, learning, & memory

Heart

– blood pressure increases –

heart disease, heart attack or stroke

Lungs

– damage cells of lungs to remove fluids (choking),

reduces immune response

Liver

– organ

responsible for filtering alcohol

from the bloodstream

- Cirrhosis = scarring of liver tissue

- CancerSlide8

Blood Alcohol concentration (BAC)

Ratio of Alcohol to Blood in the body

(%)

5 Factors that influence a person’s BAC:

Gender

- stronger effect on females

Body Weight-

A heavy weight results in more fluids to mix w/alcohol resulting in a lower BAC

Strength & Size of Drink

-

Stronger alcohol content consumed, higher BAC will rise & larger drinks contain more alcohol

Food

- possible to slow rate in which alcohol is absorbed

Time

- faster a person drinks, quicker their BAC will riseSlide9

BAC Level

.08 BAC Level

Illegal for a person 21 or older to drive

a vehicle

Person is 11 times more likely to be involved in a fatal crash than someone who has had nothing to drink

.

02

BAC Level

Illegal for a person 16-20 years of age to drive

a vehicle

All drivers under 21 who commit a DUI can be subject to a 6 month driver’s license suspension, probation, fined, or jailedSlide10

Medicine vs. Drugs – Misuse vs. Abuse

Medicine

–

drug(s) that

are used to

treat illness or relieve pain

(

tylenol

for a headache)

2 Types:

OTC (over the counter)

– no need for a written prescription

Prescription (Rx)

– written order from a doctor (

anitbiotics

)

Drugs

-

chemical substances

taken into the body that can

change

the structure or function of body/mind (increase heart rate or hallucinations)

Misuse

–

Inappropriate use of prescribed or non-prescribed medicine

, for other non-medical purposes.

Abuse

–

repeatedly and willfully using a drug

in a way other than prescribed or socially sanctionedSlide11

Categories of drugs

Cannabinoids

Marijuana, Hashish

-Smoked, swallowed

Effects:

Euphoria

, slow reaction time, distorted sensory perception

Risks:

Frequent

respiratory infections

,

cough

,

addiction

, memory loss

Opioids

Heroin

- Injected, smoked, swallowed

Effects:

Impaired

coordination, slow/arrested breathing

Risks:

Addiction

, fatal overdose, hepatitis,

HIVSlide12

Categories of drugs

Stimulants

Cocaine, Amphetamine, Methamphetamines

- Inhaled, Injected, taken orally

Effects:

Increases all body functions

, i.e., heart rate, breathing rate, anxiety, psychosis

Risks:

Cardiac complications, seizures, nasal damage, dental problems,

addiction

Club Drugs

MDMA (Ecstasy), Rohypnol, GHB

Known as Date Rape Drugs

- Swallowed, snorted, injected

Effects:

Lowered inhibitions, sedation, muscle relaxation, confusion,

memory loss

Risks:

Impaired memory, seizures, coma, addiction &

at risk to be assaultedSlide13

Categories of drugs

Hallucinogens

LSD, mushrooms, peyote

- Swallowed, smoked

Effects:

Increased

body temp, blood pressure, heart rate, altered states of perception & feeling

Risks:

Flashbacks (causes brain to misfire & send incorrect signals

)

Anabolic Steroids

Man-made substance related to testosterone

(HGH)

- Injected, swallowed, absorbed through skin

Risks:

Males

– reduced sperm production, breast tissue growth (enlargement), shrunken testicles

Females

– menstrual irregularities, take on male characteristics (deeper voice, hair growth)Slide14

Categories of drugs

Depressants

Xanax, Valium

, Alcohol

- Swallowed, injected

Effects:

Slows do

wn body functions

Sedation, drowsiness, impaired coordination/memory

Risks:

Decrease

in blood pressure, breathing, respiratory arrest, death

Inhalants

Substances whose

fumes are breathed in

to produce mind-altering effects

- cleaning fluids, gas, paints

Effect:

Depresses Central Nervous System,

open sores around mouth/nose

, odor on breath

Risks:

Lack of oxygen to brain

, slows breathing/heart rate, death