South Americas First Indigenous President Alex Sasha Basta Sarah Espinoza Sarah Livingston Austin Rodill Evo Morales Born October 26 1959 in Isallavi Bolivia Began working at age 7 herding Llamas ID: 528836
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Slide1
Evo Morales South America’s First Indigenous President
Alex “Sasha”
Basta
Sarah Espinoza
Sarah Livingston
Austin
RodillSlide2
Evo MoralesBorn October 26, 1959 in
Isallavi
, Bolivia
Began working at age 7 herding LlamasJoined the Bolivian militaryMoved to Chapare where his family farmed crops of cocaSlide3
Evo Morales: Life80’s he became active in regional coca- growers union, and in 1985 was elected the groups general secretary.
In the mid 90’s Bolivia was suppressing coca production with US. He founded a national political party- the leftist Movement Toward Socialism.
Won a seat in the House of Deputies in 1997Slide4
Evo Morales: Political LifeIn 2005 MAS presidential election he won 54% of votes and became the first Indian president.
Sworn in in 2006 he pledged to reduce poverty among the countries
indian
population, and increase taxes on the wealthy.
A recall referendum on Morales’s leadership was held in Aug. 2008 and two thirds of the voters supported the continuance of his presidency.Slide5
Bolivian Political SystemType of Government: Republic of Bolivia, now “Plurational State of Bolivia” 3-prang power: executive, legislative, judicial
President is both Chief of
State and the Head of Government,
cabinet appointed by presidentLegal SystemSlide6
Indigenous Peoples & DemographicsA multi-ethnic societyAmerindian groups: Aymaras, Quechuas,
Chiquitanos
, Guarani, and Los
Mojenos Make up 55% of the population 2/3 of people live in povertySlide7
Indigenous Rights Multiple factors have been encroaching on indigenous land. (oil, farming, drug trafficking, urbanization) A new constitutional framework. One of the most “forward thinking” in Latin America
Utilizes international human rights standards
But is he dividing the nation more?
Many people say this is a victory for the marginalized indigenous groups! Slide8
Importance of National Executive in BoliviaPresident Juan Evo Morales Ayma. The president is elected in a five year term by the popular vote.
The
Bolivian
president is the head of state, head of government (executive power is exercised by the government) Slide9
How Morales is Different from other ExecutivesRevising a new "constitution" was favored by Bolivians but also put fear on his administration "The document also contains two other articles that are likely to devastate the democracy. One creates a special class of people deemed to have pure Indian blood, granting them special privileges including designated seats in the legislature."(Wall Street Journal)Slide10
Countries that followed suitGuatemalaEcuadorMexico
Bolivia, Guatemala
, Peru
, Ecuador, and Mexico are home to 90% of Latin America’s 35-40 million indigenousSlide11
GuatemalaMayan organizations have challenged the class-based discourseOrganizations have been created to be more responsive to the indigenous communities and concerns Accord on Identity and Rights of Indigenous Peoples (1995)
Final Peace Accord (1996)Slide12
Ecuador Ecuadorian indigenous movement has shaped state policy on bicultural education, territorial autonomy, and agrarian reformECUARUNARI in the Andes region
One of four major regional groupings of CONAIE
Ecuador on forefront of struggle between multinational corporations and indigenous groupsSlide13
MexicoZapatista rebellion in Chiapas- January 1, 1994Indigenous autonomy and cultural respect alongside democracyAccords on Indigenous Rights and Culture (1996)
Struggling with implementation
Indigenous groups trying to create stronger link between themselves and partisan politicsSlide14
Future ImplicationsBoliva capable of maintaining economic reform process in poverty-sensitive mannerMassive educational reform needed to lessen educational gap between elite and poor
Need for partisan think tanks and generally, more competition among parties
Sustainable poverty reduction will require constructive involvement of political partiesSlide15
QuestionsIs this a stable precedent that has been set in Latin America?
Do you think this is solely a move for more executive power?
Can you foresee the the newly-deepened ethnic divisions being a problem in the future? Slide16
ReferencesCastillo, R. (March 2006). The indigenous movement in Mexico: Between electoral politics and local resistance.
Latin American Perspectives, 33,
115-120.
doi: 10.117/00945882X05286093.Ruge, D. (2009). Indigenous rights in Latin America: The gap between doctrine and reality. Human Rights & Human Welfare, 9, 72-74. Retrieved
from: http://www.du.edu/korbel/hrhw/researchdigest
/ latinamerica2
/digest-human%20rights%20in%20latin%
20america %
20vol%202-
indigenousrights.pdf.
Yashar
, D. (October 1998). Contesting citizenship: Indigenous movements and democracy in Latin America.
Comparative Politics, 31
, 23-26.
Retrieved from:
http
://www.jstor.org/stable
/ 422104
?seq=
1.
(2013, August 7).
Ecuarunari
inició consultas para definir diálogo
con
el gobierno.
El Telégrafo
. Retrieved from:
http
:/
/ www.telegrafo.com.ec
/actualidad/item
/ecuarunari
-inicio
-
consultas
-para-definir-dialogo-con-el
-gobierno.html
.Slide17
References Cont.Mandaville, A. (October 2004). Bolivia’s political party system and the incentives for pro-party reform. National Democratic Institute for International Affairs,
30-39. Retrieved from:
http
:// www.ndi.org/files/ 1852_bo_propoor_100104_full_0.pdf.Llana-Miller, S. (January 2009). Bolivia sets new global high mark for indigenous rights.
The Christian
Science Monitor
http://
www.csmonitor.com
/
World
/Americas/2009/0127/p01s01-woam.html
/
(
page)/2Slide18
References Cont. Bolivia Facts: Bolivia Government. Bolivia Bella. 2011
http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Americas
/
2009/0127/p01s01-woam.html/(page)/2Fromherz, N. (October 2010). The Rise and Fall of Bolivia’s Evo
Morales
. How South America’s First
Indigenous President Lost his Way
. Council on
Foreign Relations.
http://
www.csmonitor.com
/
World
/Americas/2009/0127/p01s01-woam.html
/
(
page)/2