Zainab Fatmah Samera Contents Age graded features of speech Age and social dialect data Age grading and language change AGEGRADED FEATURES OF SPEECH Their voice quality reflects their physical growth Boy vocal cords generally grow faster and bigger than girl at ID: 480384
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Slide1
Gander and Age
Zainab
Fatmah
SameraSlide2
Contents:
Age – graded features of speech
Age and social dialect data
Age grading and language changeSlide3
AGE-GRADED FEATURES OF SPEECH
Their voice quality reflects their physical growth. Boy vocal cords generally grow faster and bigger than girl at
puberty.Men
heads and lungs are also larger than women, just as older people are bigger than children.Slide4
The frequency with which they use such words tends to diminish , especially as they begin to have children and
socialise
with others with young families
Is a female interviewer
Is
teenage Australian girl
And that really bothers
you?
We went- I
ve
seen ,
one Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest,- can not even say – cuckoo- properly.
Slide5
Age and social dialect data
Social dialect research has provided a great deal of information about patterns of pronunciation and grammar for different age group.
A common pattern for stable vernacular forms, such as the use of [in] for standard [
i
η
], in walking. Slide6
the model suggest that as people get older their speech becomes gradually more standard, and then later it becomes less standard.
Relationship between use of vernacular forms and age
:
Page 176Slide7
Example:
in a New Zealand survey, that pattern in figure 7.3 was particularly clear in men’s use of the [in]
vs
[
i
η
] variants at different age.
- 40s used fewer instance of [in] than those in their 20s, or than those over 70.
Slide8
young children in Detroit and the Appalachian region of American use multiple negation more frequently than adolescents, and adolescents use it more frequently than adults.
Page 177: Multiple negation in different age groups in two communitiesSlide9
New York gang members, for instance, delete the –
ed
which signals past tense at the end of word much more often than adults from the same social group, but also more often than those
labelled
“lames”, young people who don’t belong to gangs.
- gang members more often say miss for missed (he miss the
bus yesterday)
Example:Slide10
Age and social dialect data
Social dialects research has provided a great a great deal of information about pattern of pronunciation and grammar for different age group Slide11
Examples
It indicates that they are high in childhood and adolescence and then steadily reduce as people approach middle age when societal pressures to conform are greatest. Slide12
Age grading and language change
Before leaving consideration of the relationship between age and speech patterns it is important to notice how easy it is to confuse patterns of language change with speech patterns which vary with different age groups