WHO English Persecuted Christians Merchants Shipping a few Slaves and Indentured Servants Pilgrims Puritans SUBSISTENCE Subsistence farms fishermen ship builders merchants TRADITIONAL PURITAIN DRESS ID: 758412
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Slide1
New England ColoniesSlide2
New England Colonies 1600-1700
WHO? English, Persecuted Christians, Merchants, Shipping, a few Slaves and Indentured Servants.
Pilgrims, Puritans
SUBSISTENCE? Subsistence farms, fishermen, ship builders, merchantsSlide3
TRADITIONAL PURITAIN DRESS
TIMBER MADE SHIP BUILDING AN ESSENTIAL BUSINESS IN THE NEC!Slide4
Who were the Puritans?
Who were the Puritans and what did they believe?Slide5Slide6Slide7Slide8
Puritan Ethic:
Hard work brings success
Education is revered
Knowledge is best weapon against Satan
Puritans established Harvard – 1636*
At Worst:
Puritanism was bigoted, cruel, intolerant and superstitious. Sadistically imaginative in their punishment – (Witch Trials).Slide9
Who were the Pilgrims?
1620’s
AKA “Separatists.”
More tolerant than the Puritans
Mayflower Compact:
While still on board the ship, a group of 41 men signed the so-called
Mayflower Compact
, in which they agreed to join together in a “civil body politic.” This document would become the foundation of the new colony’s government.Slide10
New England Colonies
CHARACTERISTICS? Very Protestant, Very British, Education, Social Morality-Social Control (Salem Witch Trials), Merchants
LEGACY:
1. Grass Roots Political
2. Education
3. Triangle Trade
4. Social MoralitySlide11
1. GRASS ROOTS POLITICAL SYSTEM
Elements of “Popular Sovereignty”
Power comes from the people!
Voting qualifications may include:
Male, member of church and property
owner…
Qualifications differed from community to community
More
democratic and inclusive
political system than those in Europe, yet less democratic than many Native American systems.Slide12
GRASS ROOT POLITICAL SYSTEMS:
THE “TOWN HALL MEETING” WAS COMMON IN THE NEC AND THE SOUTHERN COLONIES: THIS ILLUSTRATES THE COLONIES COMMITMENT TO GRASS ROOTS POLITICAL SYSTEMS!**Slide13
2. EDUCATION
The NEC, mainly because of the Puritans and Pilgrims had an outstanding commitment to public education.
Knowledge is best weapon against
Satan
Puritans established Harvard – 1636
*
Free public schools for children
Literacy and mathematical knowledge essential for subsistence.
MerchantsSlide14
1636: HARVARD COLLEGE, AMERICAS FIRST COLLEGE, ILLUSTRATES THE PURITAINS COMMITMENT TO EDUCATION!Slide15
3. Triangle Trade
Because of ship building and trading skills the NEC become the primary merchant shippers for the early British Colonies.
$$This becomes VERY LUCRATIVE $$ for some..
Triangular trade
or
triangle trade
is a historical term indicating
trade among three ports or regions.*
May include more than 3 regions…Slide16Slide17
COD WAS KING IN THE NEC!
NET IT, DRY IT, TRADE IT!Slide18Slide19
4. SOCIAL MORALITY
The Pilgrims and especially the Puritans emphasized ORDER, DISCIPLINE and Morality.
These traits were essential for the early success of their respective colonies.
This emphasis weakens with the increased cultural diversity and economic success of the NEC.
Witch Trials.Slide20
THE WITCH TRIALS ILLUSTRATE THE EMPHASIS ON SOCIAL MORALITY IN THE NEC!Slide21Slide22
Why did the Salem Witch Trials occur?
Mass Hysteria caused by superstition….?
Harsh Child Rearing Techniques?
LSD Fungi?
Jealousy/Social Stratification?
Angels and Demons?Slide23
Why did the Trials occur activity
Work with a group of 3-4.
Use the following documents to determine why the trials occurred:
Map of Salem Village and Salem Town
Map of Accusations
Five Theories
handout
Determine which Theory is most plausible. Write a one paragraph defense, and be prepared to argue why you came to that conclusion. Slide24Slide25Slide26
PUNISHMENTS WERE INTENDED TO FOSTER “CONFESSIONS”, NOT THE TRUTH!Slide27
REST IN PEACE—VICTIMS OF THE SALEM WITCH TRIALSSlide28
A NASTY WAY TO GO—PRESSING…”MORE WEIGHT!”Slide29
SALEM TOWN AND VILLAGE—Also see attachment “Salem Map”Slide30Slide31Slide32
Answer and Significance
Social Stratification/Jealousy (see previous slide)
Other factors do play a role.
SIGNIFICANCE: The NEC is moving away from Religion in favor of Economic pursuits. “Money talks, Witches Walk…”Slide33Slide34
THE SOUTHERN COLONIESSlide35
Southern Colonies
WHO? Indentured Servants, Poor, Slaves, Prison Inmates, a few wealthy land owners
SUBSISTENCE? Cash Crops
CHARACTERISTICS? Cultural Baggage, Democracy, Plantation LifestyleSlide36
Southern Colonies…
Jamestown: 1607: 65% Mortality Rate (38 of 108 live).
Resupplied with 500 people and goods in 1608, yet:
Jamestown: 1609 “The Starving Time”:
7
8% Mortality Rate (60 of 500 live).
Why?Slide37
JAMESTOWN
COLONY—THE
“STARVING TIME”Slide38
Jamestown Fails because of: “Cultural Baggage”*
CULTURAL BAGGAGE!
The British were remarkably ethnocentric
Meaning that they culturally arrogant and
intolerant
Refused to learn from the Native People…
They refused to work together—more interested in looking for Gold!
The Native people had a nick name for the first colonists………”the weaker ones.”
The Colonists
*Dr. Robert
SwartoutSlide39
Southern Colonies….
Bacons Rebellion—1676
Rebellion of Indentured Servants, Former Indentured Servants, Slaves and the Poor.
Why?
Inequality related to
the Plantation Life Style
Significance?Slide40Slide41
Question???
Do humans have a natural or biological disposition to be ethnocentric and thus racists?
If you answered NO, why do we have so many Racists?
Well then, what groups, then and now, benefit from Racism? How?Slide42
“$ Follow the Money $”
Racism is overwhelmingly socially created to keep the dominate ECONOMIC class in power.
It is artfully
disguised
through:
RELIGION, SCIENCE & POLITICS……
RACISM functions to “divide and conquer” the poor.
“Plantation Democracy” Quid Pro Quo (Planters-Poor Whites)
Poor Whites are granted political rights and become a “buffer” between Planters and Black Slaves. Slide43
Significance of Bacons Rebellion
1. England will protect & support its Colonists….Why?
$, Trade and competition with Spain and France.
2. Indentured Servants are deemed as unreliable labor……….Why?
They are White Christians, competition, limited servitude…….
3. England will make a 100% commitment to Slavery and Racism, Why? Slide44
BECAUSE AMERICA IS: RESOURCE RICH AND LABOR POOR!
This is a great example of immigration being a “PUSH-PULL” PROPOSITION.Slide45Slide46
THE PLANTATION LIFESTYLE IN THE COLONIAL SOUTHERN COLONIES Slide47Slide48
Legacy of the Southern Colonies
Cultural Baggage
Democracy ??
Plantation Lifestyle
Warping of the South/Warping of AmericaSlide49
Reading activity
Read and annotate pp 39-47 (stop at “Rich and Poor”.)
Identify and copy down three significant events and two significant quotes from you reading.
Discuss in small group.
Discuss in large group.
Hand it in!Slide50Slide51
*Mining
“The Bread Basket of the East”
Diversity=Tolerance
F
A
L
L
L
I
N
ESlide52Slide53Slide54
Who lived there?
Dutch—1624
New Amsterdam
English and Dutch War--1644
English Quakers
William Penn
Pennsylvania
More Dutch and Germans
Scotch Irish (they hate the English)Slide55
Quakers – Shakers
More TOLERANT than Puritans
Bible
- Quakers' beliefs stress individual revelation, but the Bible is truth. All personal light must be held up to the Bible for confirmation.
Communion
- Spiritual communion with God, experienced during silent meditation, is one of the common Quakers beliefs.
Creed
- Quakers do not have a written creed. Instead, they hold to personal testimonies professing
peace, integrity, humility, and community.
Equality
- the Religious Society of Friends taught
equality of all persons, including women
. Some conservative meetings are divided over the issue of
homosexuality
.
Heaven, Hell
- Quakers believe that God's kingdom is now, and consider heaven and hell issues for individual interpretation. Liberal Quakers hold that the question of the afterlife is a matter of speculation.
Jesus Christ
- Concerned with emulating Jesus' life and obeying his commands than with the theology of salvation.
Sin
- Quakers believe that humans are inherently good. Sin exists, but even the fallen are children of God, Who works to kindle the Light within them.
Trinity
- Friends believe in God the Father, Jesus Christ the Son, and the Holy SpiritSlide56
Legacy of the MC
Farming
“Bread Basket”
Diversity/Tolerance
A variety of cultures who are forced to get along.
Not really a “Melting Pot”, more like a wonderful salad or stew.
Revolutionary Spirit
Don’t mess with the MCSlide57
or
Does America look like this?
Does America look like this?Slide58Slide59Slide60Slide61
Colonial Culture Reality Activity--
Get into a group of 2 or 3
You have been selected to participate in a “Reality” Activity.
It is the year 2015 & You are preparing to immigrate to a newly discovered, lightly populated wild land off the coast of Sothern Alaska.
The Indigenous people live in small family groups and practice a hunting and gathering/barter economy. They speak a newly discovered language.
The Weather is typical of the Pacific Northwest.Slide62
Colonial Culture Activity…..
This land is rich in natural resources including land animals familiar to Montana and Sea Animals typical of the Pacific Coast.
The
Topography is varied suggesting
that it is rich in Mineral
resources and has small but productive areas for farm land.
There are many creeks, lakes and 2 major Rivers.Slide63
Colonial—Your Task
First determine the skills that will be necessary for survival.
Identify 15 essential skill sets that will be necessary for survival
Limit is 20 people
Next, Create a list of 20 essential supplies.
Limit is 10,000
lbs
of supplies.You will not be resupplied by ship or plane.
There are no cell towersSlide64
Colonial Culture….
Lastly, create a government system which will ensure your success.
Describe the 5 essential Values & 5 essential Norms of your government.
How will you ensure cooperation and social control?
Will you have a Religious Belief System? Why or why not? How will the presence of a religion or absence of a religion support your Colonial Culture?
How will you interact with the Indigenous people? Why?