1 Purpose and Scope of Document The last two decades have witnessed growing scienti64257c concerns and public debate over the potential adverse effects that may result from exposure to a group of chemicals that have the ID: 78926
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- 1-1.1Purpose and Scope of Document EDCsEndocrine-disrupting chemicals GLEMEDSGreat Lakes embryo mortality, edema, and deformity syndrome Chapter 1: Executive Summary that alters function(s) of the endocrine system and conse-quently causes adverse health effects in an intact organism, orits progeny, or (sub)populations. mixture that possesses properties that might be expected to leadto endocrine disruption in an intact organism, or its progeny,or (sub)populations. SSESSMENTOF- 2-1.3DoseÐResponse Relationships1.4Effects in Wildlifespeciesand populations. These effects vary from subtle changes inthe physiology and sexual behavior of species to permanentlyendocrine homeostasis. Several hypotheses have been proposed toused in antifouling paints) provides the clearest example inhas focused primarily on only a few species of wildlife. Also,that certain effects observed in wildlife can be attributed to1.5Human Health Effectsdata are often collected at different time periods, using differentthe 1930s) in human sperm quality in several countries. Thereclearly are important variations in sperm count, both within and UMMARYunidentiÞed external inßuences are associated with such changes,Exposure to environmental chemicals,listed below in hormonally sensitive tissues in many parts of thehave measured EDC exposure levels in adult women; data ontesticular cancer have been reported in certain countries, but rates1.6ExposureAmerica. Data on the magnitude and trends of global human orrelevant internal exposure (blood, tissue). Limited exceptions areexposureÐresponse relationships in Þeld and epidemiology studies1.7Causal Criteria and Weight of Evidence foright of Evidence forcriteria proposed by Bradford-Hill (1965), Fox et al. (1991), andAnkley et al. (1997)] for assessing postulated relationships betweenaltered health outcomes and exposure to EDCs. Examples (seeTables 7.1 and 7.2) were selected to illustrate the broad range ofdata (or lack thereof) available for determining the overall strengthof the evidence for causal associations for a particular outcome andexposure of concern. These examples illustrate that for manyhypotheses there are insufficient data to reach any definitiveconclusions. However, in some examples there is sufÞcient evidencefor endocrine-mediated effects to warrant concerns.- 3-