Language Diversity Numerous countries throughout the world operate with multiple languages Some are effective and some are ineffective Language Diversity Switzerland Peacefully exists with multiple languages ID: 660360
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Slide1
Review:Slide2
Language
Chapter 5 KI 4 Slide3
Language Diversity
Numerous countries throughout the world operate with multiple languages.
Some are effective and some are ineffective.Slide4
Language Diversity - Switzerland
Peacefully
exists with multiple languages.
Switzerland attributes success to decentralized government, in which local authorities hold most of the power, and decisions are frequently made on a local level by voter referenda.
Four official languages—German (65%), French (18%), Italian (10%), and
Romansh
(1%)Slide5
Language Diversity - Nigeria
Nigeria exemplifies the problems of when a nation becomes inundated with language.
There are more than 500 distinct languages spoken in Nigeria.
The 3 largest: Hausa, Yoruba, and Igbo, are only spoken by an 1/8 of the population each.
Secession (Igbo) and political in-fighting are a constant battle.Slide6
Language Diversity - Belgium
The French and Dutch (
Flemmish
)
divide in Belgium is stark, highly political, and results in discrimination.
Yellow (Flanders) & Pink (Wallonia)
http://
youtu.be/d9_nWglRDX0?t=1m7shttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rrhrJW8m8eUSlide7
Language Diversity - Spain
Spanish, or Castilian, is the only language with official status nation wide, but the other 4 below have co-official status in their given regions.
The Desire of Secession
http://rt.com/news/186964-catalonia-vote-independence-spain
/
In the unofficial referendum, 88% of
voters were in favor of independence; however, only two million people voted, out of 5.4 million eligible to vote
.Who are the BasqueProtecting BasqueSlide8
Isolated Languages
An
isolated language
is one unrelated to any other and therefore not attached to any language family.
Arise from lack of interaction with speakers of other languages.
Ex. Basque in Europe
Only language currently spoken that survives since the period before the arrival of Indo-European speakers.
First language of 666,000 people in the Pyrenees Mountains of northern Spain and southwestern France.Mountain chain serving as a natural barrier to diffusion helped them preserve their language.
Ex. IcelandicLanguage has changed less than any other Germanic language.Slide9
Extinct and Revived Languages
An
extinct language
is one that is no longer spoken or read in daily activities by anyone in the world.
Presently, 473 languages nearly extinct
46 in Africa
182 in Americas
84 in Asia9 in Europe152 in Pacific Ex. Native Americans
74 languages extinct in the United States that were once spoken by Native Americans. BBC – The Tragedy of Dying LanguagesSmithsonian – How to Save a Dying LanguageThe Endangered Language ProjectSlide10
Preserving Endangered Languages: Celtic
Linguists
expect hundreds of languages will become extinct during the twenty-first century.
Only about 300 languages are said to be safe from extinction.
Celtic
Language is a language branch of the Indo-European family.
There are 6 languages in 2 groups (Gaelic and British) or (Goidelic and Brythonic)
Preservation of Irish is occurring through TV and Radio Stations, engagement in school, popular resurgence in music.
Gaelic
British
Manx
Scottish Gaelic
Irish/
Gaelige
Welsh
Breton
CornishSlide11
Global Dominance of Language
A
lingua franca
is a language of international communication.
Ex. English
First language of 328 million people
Spoken fluently by another ½ to 1 billion people.
Official language in 57 countriesPeople in smaller countries learn English to participate more fully in the global economy and culture.Other Examples
Swahili in East AfricaHindi in South AsiaIndonesian in Southeast AsiaRussian in former Soviet Union.Slide12
Global Dominance of
English
Expansion
has occurred in two ways with English.
English is changing through diffusion of new vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation.
English words are fusing with other languages.
Ex. Words, such as cowboy, hamburger, jeans, and
T-shirt were allowed to diffuse into French.
Ex. English words have spurred the creation of English-like words to replace traditional Spanish words, such as parquin (Spanglish) for estacionamiento (Spanish) Is English the future global language?
http://www.economist.com/blogs/prospero/2014/07/future-englishhttp://www.forbes.com/sites/pascalemmanuelgobry/2014/03/21/want-to-know-the-language-of-the-future-the-data-suggests-it-could-be-french/
http://www.cepr.org/PRESS/DP2055PR.htmhttp://www.omniglot.com/language/articles/engunilang.phphttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Kvs8SxN8mchttp://
bigthink.com/videos/how-long-will-the-global-dominance-of-the-english-language-last
http://
catdir.loc.gov/catdir/samples/cam041/2003282119.pdfSlide13
Spanish in the United
States
Increasingly
important language in recent years in United States because of large-scale immigration from Latin America.
Some communities now issue public notices, government documents, and advertisements in Spanish.
Radio stations and TV now broadcast in Spanish in places where most of the 35 million Spanish speakers live.
In reaction, 30 states and number of localities have laws making English the official language.
Some courts have judged these laws to be unconstitutional restrictions on free speech
.Slide14
A Different Approach to Lingua Franca
Pidgin language
A
language created when people combine parts of two or more languages into a simplified structure and vocabulary
.
Developed to ease trade relationships of individuals from different locals
Pidgin in Hawaii
Creole languageA pidgin
language that has developed a more complex structure and vocabulary and has become the native language of a group of people.Pidgin languages can easily develop into Creoles3 Ways to Speak English – Code-Switching… Does AAVE count? Dialect?
Gaelscoilis- Error-ed Pidgin or Creative Creole?http://
semantics.uchicago.edu/kennedy/classes/sum07/myths/creoles.pdfSlide15
Just for FunAre New Words… Real?
The Value of New Words
http://ideas.ted.com/2014/06/17/new-words-and-what-they-say-about-us
/