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Review: Language	 Chapter 5 KI 4 Review: Language	 Chapter 5 KI 4

Review: Language Chapter 5 KI 4 - PowerPoint Presentation

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Review: Language Chapter 5 KI 4 - PPT Presentation

Language Diversity Numerous countries throughout the world operate with multiple languages Some are effective and some are ineffective Language Diversity Switzerland Peacefully exists with multiple languages ID: 660360

languages language http english language languages english http words spanish www spoken people official extinct diversity global pidgin million states french speakers

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Slide1

Review:Slide2

Language

Chapter 5 KI 4 Slide3

Language Diversity

Numerous countries throughout the world operate with multiple languages.

Some are effective and some are ineffective.Slide4

Language Diversity - Switzerland

Peacefully

exists with multiple languages.

Switzerland attributes success to decentralized government, in which local authorities hold most of the power, and decisions are frequently made on a local level by voter referenda.

Four official languages—German (65%), French (18%), Italian (10%), and

Romansh

(1%)Slide5

Language Diversity - Nigeria

Nigeria exemplifies the problems of when a nation becomes inundated with language.

There are more than 500 distinct languages spoken in Nigeria.

The 3 largest: Hausa, Yoruba, and Igbo, are only spoken by an 1/8 of the population each.

Secession (Igbo) and political in-fighting are a constant battle.Slide6

Language Diversity - Belgium

The French and Dutch (

Flemmish

)

divide in Belgium is stark, highly political, and results in discrimination.

Yellow (Flanders) & Pink (Wallonia)

http://

youtu.be/d9_nWglRDX0?t=1m7shttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rrhrJW8m8eUSlide7

Language Diversity - Spain

Spanish, or Castilian, is the only language with official status nation wide, but the other 4 below have co-official status in their given regions.

The Desire of Secession

http://rt.com/news/186964-catalonia-vote-independence-spain

/

In the unofficial referendum, 88% of

voters were in favor of independence; however, only two million people voted, out of 5.4 million eligible to vote

.Who are the BasqueProtecting BasqueSlide8

Isolated Languages

An

isolated language

is one unrelated to any other and therefore not attached to any language family.

Arise from lack of interaction with speakers of other languages.

Ex. Basque in Europe

Only language currently spoken that survives since the period before the arrival of Indo-European speakers.

First language of 666,000 people in the Pyrenees Mountains of northern Spain and southwestern France.Mountain chain serving as a natural barrier to diffusion helped them preserve their language.

Ex. IcelandicLanguage has changed less than any other Germanic language.Slide9

Extinct and Revived Languages

An

extinct language

is one that is no longer spoken or read in daily activities by anyone in the world.

Presently, 473 languages nearly extinct

46 in Africa

182 in Americas

84 in Asia9 in Europe152 in Pacific Ex. Native Americans

74 languages extinct in the United States that were once spoken by Native Americans. BBC – The Tragedy of Dying LanguagesSmithsonian – How to Save a Dying LanguageThe Endangered Language ProjectSlide10

Preserving Endangered Languages: Celtic

Linguists

expect hundreds of languages will become extinct during the twenty-first century.

Only about 300 languages are said to be safe from extinction.

Celtic

Language is a language branch of the Indo-European family.

There are 6 languages in 2 groups (Gaelic and British) or (Goidelic and Brythonic)

Preservation of Irish is occurring through TV and Radio Stations, engagement in school, popular resurgence in music.

Gaelic

British

Manx

Scottish Gaelic

Irish/

Gaelige

Welsh

Breton

CornishSlide11

Global Dominance of Language

A

lingua franca

is a language of international communication.

Ex. English

First language of 328 million people

Spoken fluently by another ½ to 1 billion people.

Official language in 57 countriesPeople in smaller countries learn English to participate more fully in the global economy and culture.Other Examples

Swahili in East AfricaHindi in South AsiaIndonesian in Southeast AsiaRussian in former Soviet Union.Slide12

Global Dominance of

English

Expansion

has occurred in two ways with English.

English is changing through diffusion of new vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation.

English words are fusing with other languages.

Ex. Words, such as cowboy, hamburger, jeans, and

T-shirt were allowed to diffuse into French.

Ex. English words have spurred the creation of English-like words to replace traditional Spanish words, such as parquin (Spanglish) for estacionamiento (Spanish) Is English the future global language?

http://www.economist.com/blogs/prospero/2014/07/future-englishhttp://www.forbes.com/sites/pascalemmanuelgobry/2014/03/21/want-to-know-the-language-of-the-future-the-data-suggests-it-could-be-french/

http://www.cepr.org/PRESS/DP2055PR.htmhttp://www.omniglot.com/language/articles/engunilang.phphttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Kvs8SxN8mchttp://

bigthink.com/videos/how-long-will-the-global-dominance-of-the-english-language-last

http://

catdir.loc.gov/catdir/samples/cam041/2003282119.pdfSlide13

Spanish in the United

States

Increasingly

important language in recent years in United States because of large-scale immigration from Latin America.

Some communities now issue public notices, government documents, and advertisements in Spanish.

Radio stations and TV now broadcast in Spanish in places where most of the 35 million Spanish speakers live.

In reaction, 30 states and number of localities have laws making English the official language.

Some courts have judged these laws to be unconstitutional restrictions on free speech

.Slide14

A Different Approach to Lingua Franca

Pidgin language

A

language created when people combine parts of two or more languages into a simplified structure and vocabulary

.

Developed to ease trade relationships of individuals from different locals

Pidgin in Hawaii

Creole languageA pidgin

language that has developed a more complex structure and vocabulary and has become the native language of a group of people.Pidgin languages can easily develop into Creoles3 Ways to Speak English – Code-Switching… Does AAVE count? Dialect?

Gaelscoilis- Error-ed Pidgin or Creative Creole?http://

semantics.uchicago.edu/kennedy/classes/sum07/myths/creoles.pdfSlide15

Just for FunAre New Words… Real?

The Value of New Words

http://ideas.ted.com/2014/06/17/new-words-and-what-they-say-about-us

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