Hannah C Barnes Robert A Houze Jr University of Washington 37 th Conference on Radar Meteorology 14 th September 2015 Embassy Suites Hotel and Conference Center Norman OK Funded by NSF Grant AGS1355 and DOE Grant ID: 485313
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Slide1
Validation of the Simulated Microphysical Structure within the Midlevel Inflow Region of a Tropical, Oceanic Squall Line
Hannah C. Barnes, Robert A. Houze Jr.
University of Washington37th Conference on Radar Meteorology14th September 2015Embassy Suites Hotel and Conference Center, Norman, OK
Funded by NSF Grant AGS-1355 and DOE Grant
DE-SC0008452 Slide2
Microphysical Structure of Squall Lines
Observation and validation difficult
Observation / Validation MethodAircraft Observations
Particle ID (PID) from dual-
polarimetric
radar
Numerical SimulationsAdvantagesIn situLarge spatial coverageIncreased temporal coverageComplete spatial coverageComplete temporal coverageAll processesDisadvantagesSpatially limitedTemporally limitedDifficult to validateTheory & observation basedLimited by radar quality Dominant onlyDifficult to validateTheory basedParameterizationsDifferent schemes
Objective: Is microphysical structure from PID and WRF consistent with each other and dynamics?Slide3
Milbrandt
-
Yau
Morrison
WDM6
S-PolKa Microphysical Structure IntercomparisonMicrophysical structure linked to dynamical structureIntercomparison framed around midlevel inflowPID Analysis (Barnes and Houze, 2014)Midlevel inflow from radial velocityComposite around midlevel inflow Numerical SimulationsAssimilate radial velocity Composite around “forced” midlevel inflowDistance from S-PolKa (km)Horizontal Wind SpeedHeight (km)
Radial VelocitySlide4
PID Microphysical Analysis
NCAR S-
PolKa
during DYNAMO / AMIE (
Vivekanandan
1999)
Nov 2011 – Jan 2012Central Indian Ocean9 hydrometeor types Uses dual-polarimetric and sounding dataThresholds based on previous studies, theory, field experienceDominant type onlyFrozen hydrometeors represent microphysical processesSpatially composited around midlevel inflowLayered structure Barnes and Houze, 20140-2-1
13
2
4
0
1
0.75
0.25
0.5
0.04
0.08
0.12
0.16
0.2
0
-2
-1
1
3
2
4
0
1
0.75
0.25
0.5
0.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
0
-2
-1
1
3
2
4
0
1
0.75
0.25
0.5
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
0
-2
-1
1
3
2
4
0
1
0.75
0.25
0.5
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Normalized Height
Normalized Range
Small Ice Crystals
=
Deposition
Dry Aggregates
=
Aggregation
Graupel / Rimed Aggregates
=
Riming
Wet Aggregates
=
Melting
Midlevel Inflow Spatial CompositesSlide5
WRF
Data AssimilationGroup production terms by processAll processesProvides rate (kg kg-1 s-1)
Composite members containing midlevel
inflow
Simulation
Time23 Dec 20111200 - 2000 UTCAssimilation TimeEvery 15 mins starting at 1800 UTCInitialization ERA-InterimVertical Levels39, Top at 26 kmDomains3 km, 1 kmMembers50AssimilateS-PolKa
radial velocityPlanetary Boundary Layer Parameterization
Bretherton and Park (UW)
Longwave Radiation Parameterization
RRTM
Shortwave
Radiation Parameterization
Dudhia
Surface Layer Parameterization
Monin-Obikhov
Microphysics Parameterization
Milbrandt
–
Yau
Morrison
WDM6
Penn State University
EnKF
/ WRF
Longitude
Latitude
0
6
-3
3
9
-6
68
72
76
80
Domain 1 (3 km)
Domain 2 (1 km)
S-
PolKa
S-
PolKa
and WRF DomainsSlide6
Squall Line
1930 UTC, 23 December 2011Slide7
Milbrandt
-
Yau
Morrison
WDM6
PPI Maximum ReflectivityS-PolKaSquall Line StructureRHI Wind Speed (along red line above)Height (km)Normalized Zonal Distance
Distance from S-PolKa (km)
Distance from S-
PolKa
(km)
Distance from S-
PolKa
(km)
Height (km)
Distance from S-
PolKa
(km)
Distance from S-
PolKa
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
100
75
50
25
0
-25
50
75
100
125
150
-75
-50
-25
25
0Slide8
Microphysical
Intercomparison
Only compare locationSlide9
Milbrandt
-
Yau
Morrison
WDM6
Occurrence Frequency Mean Production Rate (kg kg-1 s-1)Adjusted HeightAdjusted HeightNormalized Zonal DistanceS-PolKa PIDNormalized HeightDeposition
3.1e-6
4.4e-8
3.7e-7
5.2e-9
Normalized Range
0
-2
-1
1
3
2
4
0
1
0.75
0.25
0.5
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Small Ice Crystals = Deposition
-20°C
0°C
-20°C
0°C
-20°C
0°CSlide10
Milbrandt
-
Yau
Morrison
WDM6
Occurrence Frequency Mean Production Rate (kg kg-1 s-1)Adjusted HeightAdjusted HeightNormalized Zonal Distance1.3e-51.3e-164.2e-114.3e-22
AggregationFrozen Collecting Frozen
S-
PolKa
PID
Normalized Height
0
-2
-1
1
3
2
4
0
1
0.75
0.25
0.5
0.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
Normalized Range
Dry Aggregates = Aggregation
-20°C
0°C
-20°C
0°C
-20°C
0°CSlide11
Milbrandt
-
Yau
Morrison
WDM6
Occurrence Frequency Mean Production Rate (kg kg-1 s-1)Adjusted HeightAdjusted HeightNormalized Zonal DistanceS-PolKa PIDNormalized Height
1e-43.4e-101.8e-7
6.3e-13
Riming
Frozen Collecting Liquid
Normalized Range
0
-2
-1
1
3
2
4
0
1
0.75
0.25
0.5
0.04
0.08
0.12
0.16
0.2
Graupel/Rimed Aggregates = Riming
-20°C
0°C
-20°C
0°C
-20°C
0°CSlide12
Milbrandt
-
Yau
Morrison
WDM6
Occurrence Frequency Mean Production Rate (kg kg-1 s-1) Adjusted Height Adjusted HeightNormalized Zonal DistanceS-PolKa PIDNormalized HeightMeltingNormalized Range
0
-2
--1
1
3
2
4
0
1
0.75
0.25
0.5
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Wet Aggregates = Melting
9.6e-5
2.8e-8
1.6e-6
4.9e-10
-20°C
0°C
-20°C
0°C
-20°C
0°CSlide13
Conclusions
PID and WRF provide good spatial and temporal coverage of microphysical structure
Both difficult to validate
Do they provide complementary data?
Is microphysical structure consistent with dynamical structure and other method?
Framed around midlevel inflow
General structure consistent Layered Details differAggregation and riming - WRF deeperMelting – Consistent except Milbrandt-YauDeposition – WRF extends lowerSlide14
Back Up
SlidesSlide15
1900 UTC 23 Dec 2011
Z Scale Factor
X Scale Factor1.) Map kinematics and hydrometeors using radial velocity and PID
2.) Composite
around layer
lifting model
Methodology: Compositing1614121086420020
40
60
80
100
0
5
10
15
20
-5
-10
-15
-20
m/s
Radial Velocity
Distance from S-Polka (km
)
Height (km
)
Generic Midlevel Inflow
Particle ID
SIC
H
IC
WA
DA
G/R
G/RA
LR
MR
HR
H/R
HSlide16
Wet Aggregates
Normalized Height
Normalized RangeMethodology: Composite Results
-1
-0.5
0
0.511.52-0.2500.250.50.751
1.25
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8Slide17
20
15
105
0
0
2
468101214167373.574.574LongitudeHeight (kn)Shading: Horz. SpeedWhite Contours: Reflectivitym/s
Midlevel Inflow Member Selection
Shading:
Horz
. Speed
White Contours: Reflectivity
Black Contours:
Horz
. Speed > 18 m/s
Shading:
Horz
. Speed
White Contours: Reflectivity
Black Contours:
Horz
. Speed > 18 m/s
Dots: Max Speed at level
Milbrandt
-
Yau
: Member 17
1930 UTC 23 Dec 2011
Shading:
Horz
. Speed
White Contours: Reflectivity
Black Contours:
Horz
. Speed > 18 m/s
Dots: Max Speed at level post testsSlide18
Midlevel Inflow Compositing
Milbrandt
- Yau: Member 17 1930 UTC 23 Dec 2011
Height (km)
Shading: Reflectivity
Black Contours:
Horz. Speed > 18 m/sDots: Max speed at level post testRed Lines: Analysis boundaries07373.574.574Longitude246810121416
50454
0
35
3
0
25
2
0
15
10
5
0
dBZ
Shading: Reflectivity
Black Contours:
Horz
. Speed > 18 m/s
Scaled
Height (km)
0
73
73.5
74.5
74
Longitude
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
50
45
4
0
35
3
0
25
2
0
15
10
5
0
dBZ
OriginalSlide19
Definition
Ice Nucleation
AggregationRiming
Melting
Deposition
Sublimation
Raindrop CollectionCondensationEvaporationNew frozen hydrometeors formingFrozen hydrometeors collecting other frozen hydrometeorsFrozen hydrometeors collecting liquid hydrometeorsFrozen hydrometeors melting into liquid hydrometeorsFrozen hydrometeors collecting water vaporFrozen hydrometeors losing mass to water vaporLiquid hydrometeors collecting liquid or frozen hydrometeorsLiquid hydrometeors collecting water vapor
Liquid hydrometeors losing mass to water vapor
Milbrandt
-
Yau
-
Yau
QFZci
,
QNUvi
,
QFZrh
QCLis
,
QCLig
,
QCLsh
,
QCNis
,
QCNsg
,
QCNgh
,
QCLih
QCLcs
,
QCLcg
,
QCLch
,
QCLrg
,
QCLrs
,
QCLri
,
QCLrh
QMLir
,
QMLsr
,
QMLgr
,
QMLhr
QVDvi
,
QVDvs
,
QVDvh
,
QVDvg
QVDvi
,
QVDvs
,
QVDvh
,
QVDvg
RCAUTR, RCACCR,
QCLsr
,
QCLgr
QREVP
Morrison
mnuccd
,
mnuccr
,
mnuccc
prai
,
prci
psacws
,
pgracs
,
psacwi
,
psacwg
,
pgsacw
,
psacr
,
pracg
,
pracis
,
praci
,
piacrs
psmlt
,
pgmlt
prd
,
prdg
, prds
eprdg
,
eprds,
eprd
piacr,
pra
, prc
pre,
pcc
, evpmg
, evpms
pre,
pcc
, evpmg
, evpms
WDM6
Pigen
Psaci
,
Pgaci, Psaut, Pgacs, PgautPsacw, Pgacw, Paacw, Piacr, Psacr, Pgacr, PracsPsmlt, Pgmlt
Pidep, Psdep, PgdepPidep, Psdep, Pgdep
Praut, Pracw, Praci, Pseml, PgemlPcondPrevp, Psevp, Pgevp
Microphysical Process DefinitionsSlide20
Radial Velocity Preparation
1.
Radar Quality ControlLocations were PID present onlyPID used to remove Biological2nd tripSaturationRemove pixels with:
Low signal-to-noise ratio
Clutter
High spectral Width
2. Super-ObservationsBins: 2° x 1 kmQuality control: < |45 ms-1|Rules:< 2 obs in each binRemove all Obsstd(bin) > std(all)Remove all obs(obs – bin mean) > 2*std(bin)Remove obs at fault Median valueDistance from S-PolKa (km)Distance from S-PolKa (km)100
-100150
-150
50
-50
0
100
-100
150
50
-50
0
Raw Radial Velocity
100
-100
150
-150
50
-50
0
100
-100
150
50
-50
0
QCed
Radial Velocity
100
-100
150
-150
50
-50
0
100
-100
150
50
-50
0
SuperObs
Radial Velocity
21
-21
-15
15
-9
9
3
-3
00 UTC 24 Dec 2011: 5°Slide21
Large Scale Environmental
Milbrandt
-
Yau
Morrison
WDM6Mean Temperature Map at 1000 hPa Distance from S-PloKa (km)Normalized Zonal DistanceComposite Relative Humidity Cross Section with Temperature Contours Height (km)Composite Vertical Velocity Cross Section with Temperature Contours Height (km)
Normalized Zonal Distance
0
°
C
-5
°
C
-20
°
C
-40
°
C
0
°
C
-5
°
C
-20
°
C
-40
°
C
0
°
C
-5
°
C
-20
°
C
-40
°
C
0
°
C
-5
°
C
-20
°
C
-40
°
C
0
°
C
-5
°
C
-20
°
C
-40
°
C
0
°
C
-5
°
C
-20
°
C
-40
°
C
°Slide22
Graupel
Milbrandt
-
Yau
Morrison
WDM6Occurrence FrequencyMixing Ratio (kg kg-1 )Height (km)Height (km)Normalized Zonal Distance5e-35.9e-61e-62e-7Slide23
Ice
Milbrandt
-
Yau
Morrison
WDM6Occurrence FrequencyMixing Ratio (kg kg-1)Height (km)Height (km)Normalized Zonal Distance9e-42.2e-64.6e-51e-7Slide24
Snow
Milbrandt
-
Yau
Morrison
WDM6Occurrence FrequencyMixing Ratio (kg kg-1)Height (km)Height (km)Normalized Zonal Distance1e-33.2e-68e-51.3e-7