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What is Israel? A Search for Meaning in Biblical Times and Today What is Israel? A Search for Meaning in Biblical Times and Today

What is Israel? A Search for Meaning in Biblical Times and Today - PowerPoint Presentation

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What is Israel? A Search for Meaning in Biblical Times and Today - PPT Presentation

Three Phases or Periods of Time Israel God Rules in the Old Testament Establishment SlaveryExodusWilderness Conquest of Canaan Kings ExileReturnProphets The Church and Israel The New Testament Teaching ID: 698020

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Slide1

What is Israel?A Search for Meaning in Biblical Times and TodaySlide2

Three Phases or Periods of Time

Israel (“God Rules”) in the Old TestamentEstablishmentSlavery/Exodus/Wilderness

Conquest of CanaanKingsExile/Return/ProphetsThe Church and Israel

The New Testament Teaching

Israel After Jewish-Roman War

The Modern State of IsraelSlide3

Israel in the OT - Establishment

Unique Story of a NationUnlike any other narrative of a people groupBegins not with Israel per se, but all humanity (will cover in more detail in the next class)

Formation From Sinners by God’s Unilateral PromiseGenesis 12:1-3: “Get

out of your

country…to a

land that I will show you

. I

will make you a great nation

; I

will bless

you and

make your name great

; and

you shall be a blessing

. I

will bless those who bless you

, and

I will curse him who curses you

; and

in you

all the families of the earth

shall be blessed

.”

Stresses God choosing them, not vice versa

Abraham from Ur of

the ChaldeansSlide4

Israel in the OT - Establishment

Israel’s “Founding Fathers”Jacob as Usurper/Supplanter, Liar, Thief

Dinah/Shechem Incident (Simeon and Levi)Judah and Tamar (Genesis 38)Joseph Story

Israel Commits Grave Sin

Joseph Puts Trust in God

Joseph

“stands outside” IsraelSlide5

Israel in the OT – Slavery/Exodus

SlaveryIsrael “pays the price” for selling JosephMoses rises up as leader of the people

Plagues visited upon PharaohExodusGod delivers Israel through the Red SeaCentral story throughout the entire BibleSlide6

Israel in the OT – Wilderness

Wilderness Events/MotifKey to understanding biblical thoughtImportant Highlights

Israel brought out of Egypt by miracleWandering in the wilderness, grumblingGiving of the Mosaic Law (twice)Worshipping idolsSlide7

Israel in the OT – Wilderness

Important Highlights (continued)Numbers 14:13-20 (paraphrased): “And Moses said to the

Lord…’If You kill these people (Israel) as one man, then the nations which have heard of Your fame will speak, saying, “Because the

Lord

was not able to bring this people to the land which He swore to give them, therefore He killed them in the wilderness

.”’ Then

the

Lord

said:

‘I

have pardoned, according to your word;

but

truly, as I live, all the earth shall be filled with the glory of the

Lord

 

because all these men who have seen My glory and the signs which I did in Egypt and in the wilderness, and have put Me to the test now these ten times, and have not heeded My voice,

they

certainly shall not see the land of which I swore to their fathers, nor shall any of those who rejected Me see it.

But

My servant Caleb, because he has a different spirit in him and has followed Me fully, I will bring into the land where he went, and his descendants shall inherit it

.” (continued on next slide)Slide8

Israel in the OT – Wilderness

Important Highlights (continued)God spares the people for His own sake, not theirsAlthough God pardoned He still punished

The one allowed by Him to enter was Caleb (‘dog’)“Moral of the (Wilderness/Exodus) Story”There is only one who is good: God

God’s people, even after witnessing His miracles and mercy, continuously reject Him

The point of our lives is not to be in the Promised Land, but to obey God’s

commandmentsSlide9

Israel in the OT – Conquest of Canaan

Differing AccountsIn the book of Joshua (part 1)In the book of Joshua (part 2)

In the book of JudgesArchaeological evidenceWhat do we make of this? What is the point?Slide10

Israel in the OT – In the Promised Land

Spurning GodAppointment of judges to hear casesIsrael’s desire for a king

1 Samuel 8:4-22 (summarized): Then all the elders of Israel gathered together and came to Samuel at Ramah, and said to him, ‘Look, you are old, and your sons do not walk in your ways. Now make us a king to judge us like all the nations

.’ But

the thing displeased Samuel when they said,

‘Give

us a king to judge us

.’

So Samuel prayed to the

Lord

.

And

the

Lord

said to Samuel,

‘Heed

the voice of the people in all that they say to you;

for they have not rejected you, but they have rejected Me

, that I should not reign over them.

According

to all the works which they have done since the day that I brought them up out of Egypt, even to this day—with which they have forsaken Me and served other gods—so they are doing to you also.

Now

therefore, heed their voice. However, you shall solemnly forewarn them, and show them the behavior of the king who will reign over them

.’ (continued on next slide)Slide11

Israel in the OT – In the Promised Land

1 Samuel 8:4-22 (continued): ”So

Samuel told all the words of the Lord to the people who asked him for a king. And he said, ‘This will be the behavior of the king who will reign over you: He will take your sons and appoint them for his own chariots and to be his horsemen, and some will run before his chariots.

 

He will appoint captains over his thousands and captains over his fifties, will set some to plow his ground and reap his harvest, and some to make his weapons of war and equipment for his chariots.

 

He will take your daughters to be perfumers, cooks, and bakers.

And

he will take the best of your fields, your vineyards, and your olive groves, and give them to his servants.

He

will take a tenth of your grain and your vintage, and give it to his officers and servants.

And

he will take your male servants, your female servants, your finest young

men,

and

your donkeys, and put them to his work.

He

will take a tenth of your sheep. And you will be his servants.

 

And you will cry out in that day because of your king whom you have chosen for yourselves, and the

Lord

will not hear you in that day

.’ Nevertheless

the people refused to obey the voice of Samuel; and they said,

‘No

, but we will have a king over us,

that

we also may be like all the nations

, and that our king may judge us and go out before us and fight our battles

.’ And

Samuel heard all the words of the people, and he repeated them in the hearing of the

Lord

. So

the

Lord

said to Samuel,

‘Heed

their voice, and make them a king

.’Slide12

Israel in the OT – In the Promised Land

Spurning GodIsrael wants to be like other nationsIsrael rejects God’s rule over them

What Happens with the King(s)?Exactly what God said would happen!!!Solomon builds God a house/TempleNotably, Solomon’s house is bigger/better

Rapid

descension

/moral decline

Complete neglect/forgetfulness of GodSlide13

Israel in the OT – In the Promised Land

Forgetting God2 Kings 22:3-13: “Now it came to pass, in the eighteenth year of King Josiah, that the king sent

Shaphan the scribe…to the house of the Lord, saying: ‘Go

up to

Hilkiah

the high priest, that he may count the money which has been brought into the house of the

Lord

, which the doorkeepers have gathered from the

people…to

buy timber and hewn stone to repair the

house.’ Then

Hilkiah

the high priest said to

Shaphan

the scribe,

I

have found the Book of the Law in the house of the

Lord

.’

And

Hilkiah

gave the book to

Shaphan

, and he read it.

 

So

Shaphan

the scribe went to the king, bringing the king word,

saying…’

Hilkiah

the priest has given me a book

.’

And

Shaphan

read it before the

king.

 

Now it happened, when the king heard the words of the Book of the Law, that he tore his clothes.

Then

the king commanded

Hilkiah

the priest,

Ahikam

the son of

Shaphan

,

Achbor

the

son of

Michaiah

,

Shaphan

the scribe, and

Asaiah

a servant of the king, saying,

Go

, inquire of the

Lord

for me, for the people and for all Judah, concerning the words of this book that has been found; for great is the wrath of the

Lord

that is aroused against us,

because our fathers have not obeyed the words of this book

, to do according to all that is written concerning us

.’”Slide14

Israel in the OT – In the Promised Land

Forgetting GodThe book of the Mosaic Law had been lost!!!Israel had been continuously disobedient to God

Disobedience Leads to ExpulsionJust as God expelled inhabitants before Israel(First) Temple is destroyedPeople taken into captivity/exileSlide15

Israel in the OT – Prophets

PropheciesHighlighted God’s continued goodness to IsraelStressed Israel’s persistent rejection of God

Focused on God’s desire to redeem Israel (because of his unilateral promise to Abraham), but also emphasized the Gentiles would be included in God’s plan of salvation (which, remember, was part of the original promise)

Predicted God would raise up a Messiah to lead the people

and restore them to GodSlide16

Israel in the OT – Prophets

Ezekiel 47:21-23 (God’s instruction upon returning to the land): “’Thus you shall divide this land among yourselves according to the tribes of Israel.

It shall be that you will divide it by lot as an inheritance for yourselves, and for the strangers who dwell among you and who bear children among you. They shall be to you as native-born among the children of Israel

; they shall have an inheritance with you among the tribes of Israel.

And

it shall be that in whatever tribe the stranger dwells,

there you shall give him his inheritance

,’

says the Lord

God

.”

Notice how the inhabitants of the land are included or subsumed within God’s people, according to the prophetic teachingSlide17

Israel in the NT – Jesus

Jesus as MessiahChrist/Messiah/Anointed One (Matthew 1)Includes the GentilesTeaches subjecting the Romans not by military might but by the peaceful “sword” of the Gospel

Important Teachings of Jesus on GentilesParable of the Vineyard (Mark 12)Parable of the Workers in the Vineyard (Matthew 20)

Parable of the Prodigal Son (Luke 15)Slide18

Israel in the NT – Jesus

Important Teachings of the Gospel on PeaceMatthew 26:52: “Jesus said to [Peter], ‘Put your sword in its place, for all who take the sword will

perish by the sword.’”Story of Barabbas (Mark 15)Road to Emmaus (Luke 24)Slide19

Israel in the NT – St Paul

Emphasis on Putting Trust in GodSummarized well in Galatians 3:26-29: “ For you are all sons of God through

faith in Christ Jesus. For as many of you as were baptized into Christ have put on Christ. There is neither Jew nor Greek

, there is neither slave nor free, there is neither male

and

female;

for you are all one in Christ Jesus

.

And

if you are Christ’s, then you are

Abraham’s seed, and heirs according to the promise

.”Slide20

Israel in the NT – St Paul

Gentiles Included in the One Community of God, IsraelRomans 9:6-7: “But it is not that the word of God has taken no effect. For they are not all Israel who are of Israel, nor

are they all children because they are the seed of Abraham; but, ‘In Isaac your seed shall be called.’”Galatians 6:16: “And as many as walk according to this

rule” (of faith), “peace

and mercy be upon them, and upon the

Israel

of

God

.”Slide21

Israel and the Jewish-Roman War

Defining/Breaking Point Between Christians and JewsPrior to war, Christians and Jews not distinctWar to fight Roman occupation of Jerusalem

Christians refused to participate (because of Jesus’ teaching)Christians and Jews considered distinct groupsSecond Temple destroyedSlide22

Israel and the Church

The Church Views Itself as the Rightful Inheritor of God’s PromisesRemember teachings of prophetsRemember teaching of Paul

There is no “Israel” apart from the ChurchThe “curse” and the “blessing” of those promises in light of the biblical storySlide23

Israel and Palestine Today

From the perspective of the Church(Biblical) Israel is not a “Jewish state,” but the “one, holy, catholic, and apostolic Church,” which is found throughout all the nations

Repudiation of the idea of “two covenants”/dispensationsThe Messiah has already come!Violence is only permitted—and even then hesitatingly so—for the purpose of self-defense

Human rights/dignity of ALL people must be protectedSlide24

Summary

Israel established by God’s unilateral promiseDespite God’s favor, Israel (both Israel in the Old Testament and the individual members of the Church) is consistently disobedient to GodGod, because of His own goodness and for His own name’s sake, unilaterally decided to redeem Israel

God, because of His own goodness, also decided to include the Gentiles in His plan of salvationGod’s plan requires us to view all people as our equals—i.e. there is no “them” vs “us”