2018 InfineumInternational Limited All Rights Reserved2018012Perfo - PDF document

1 ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All
©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.Performanceyoucanrely ©INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2018. All Rights Reserved.2018012InfineumInsight.com/LearnSmall engine lubricants ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.Performanceyoucanrely The small engine marketSnowmobiles Personal Water Crafts Outboards Motorcycles & Mopeds Chainsaws & Garden Equipment ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.PerformanceyoucanrelyOverview for today’s discussion2T and 4T Applications, Engines and Lubricant NeedsSnowmobilesLeisure Marine2T Outboard Engine Oils-NMMA TC-W3 Outboard Oils4T Marine Engine Oils -NMMA FC-W and FC-W Catalyst Motorcycles and Mopeds4T Motorcycle oils JASO T903 Specification Garden Equipment and generators2T Low Ash Oils-JASO 2T Standards ©2018 InfineumInternational Limit

2 ed. All Rights Reserved.2018012.Performa
ed. All Rights Reserved.2018012.PerformanceyoucanrelyFour stroke cycleFour strokeFour cycleTwo stroke cycleTwo strokeTwo cycle“T” in 4T & 2T comes from the French term “temps” meaning “time” or “stroke”(the translation is not precise)Descriptionsareinterchangeablyfor ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.PerformanceyoucanrelyEmission regulations has driven the moving technology towards 4Tengines but many 2T’s are still in useIn North AmericaOutboardsMajority of new engines are 4T, but population is still largely MotorcyclesPopulation and sales are virtually all 4TSnowmobilesMix of 2T and 4T new engines. Large 2T population base still Most new engines are 4T, but still a significant 2T segment ChainsawsStill mainly 2T, but 4T options are availableStringtrimmersStill mainly 2T, but 4T options are availableLeafblowersStill

3 mainly 2T, but 4T options are availableL
mainly 2T, but 4T options are availableLawnmowersPopulation and sales are virtually all 4T ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.PerformanceyoucanrelyTraditional four-stroke engineThe sump is oil filled and the oil recirculatesInherently low emissionsFour-stroke Cycle = Four-stroke = Four Cycle = 4T ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.PerformanceyoucanrelyTraditional two stroke engineMore power / less weight Two stroke engines mix oil with the fuel and consume the oil ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.PerformanceyoucanrelyHow two-stroke engines are lubricated Oil is mixed in the fuel (usually at 50:1)Traditionally, oil would be mixed in the fuel In modern engines the oil is injected into Evaporation of the fuel deposits oil on the cylinder walls and bearings t

4 o lubricate themFuel and oil in the comb
o lubricate themFuel and oil in the combustion chamber are ignited by the spark plugReplacement oil is delivered with fresh fuel/airTraditional over-fuellingdesign causes high ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.PerformanceyoucanrelyTwo-stroke Two-stroke Engines have an excellent Power to Weight RatioFewer Parts than a Four Stroke EngineSmall, Compact EnginesLow CostLow Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) EmissionsLess Engine WeightFour-stroke20-40 % Better Fuel EconomySmooth and Quiet OperationLow Hydrocarbon (HC) and Carbon Monoxide (CO) Emissions ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.Performanceyoucanrely Conventional 2T engines have high hydrocarbons emissions due to unburned fuel crankcaseConventional Exhaust with unburnt fuel/oil25-35% unburned ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserve

5 d.2018012.Performanceyoucanrely2T direct
d.2018012.Performanceyoucanrely2T direct fuel injection (DFI) is a way to Notice: Exhaust port is blocked, therefore Fuel is injected when piston is top dead center Direct injection Oil and air from crankcase ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.PerformanceyoucanrelyDFI makes 2T outboard engine service Higher temperaturesIn traditional 2T engines, fuel vaporizes in the crankcase, cooling the In DFI, fuel bypasses the crankcase, raises engine temperature by Less oil delivered to critical surfacesIn DFI, air alone carries the oil, which is less efficientOil must often be pumped to the cylinders for extra lubricationOil flow is reduced, touted as an advantage for the consumerCombination of less oil and higher temperatures makes DFI engines more prone to scuffing and failureDeposits build up in the ring grooves behind the r

6 ings due to higher temperature, and ther
ings due to higher temperature, and there’s less oil (cleaners) to prevent itRings are pushed out by the deposits and they apply pressure to the cylinder liners, reducing film thickness and eventually causing metal-to-metal contact (scuffing) or called ring jacking, or proudness ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.PerformanceyoucanrelyWhat goes into a 4T lubricant? AdditiveViscosity ModifierBase Stock AdditiveAntioxidancy Foam / Aeration Antiwear / EP Friction Dispersancy DetergencyViscosity ModifierMultigrade viscosityLow temperature flowBase stockViscometrics Oxidation Dispersancy Volatility Provides ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.PerformanceyoucanrelyWhat Goes into a 2T Lubricant?Desirable oil characteristics are cleanliness, low smoke, high lubricity, and low exhaust deposits (block

7 ing) ImpactsAdditiveSolventPIBBase Stock
ing) ImpactsAdditiveSolventPIBBase Stock AdditiveHelpsCleanliness HurtsBurnabilityHurtsSmoke HurtsBlocking HurtsCostPIBBurnsCleanly ReducesSmoke ImprovesBlocking ImprovesLubricity HurtsCostBase Stock ImprovesLubricity HurtsSmokeHurtsBlocking HurtsCleanlinessSolvent ImprovesMiscibility ImprovesFluidity BurnsCleanlyReducesSmoke ImprovesBlocking HurtsLubricity ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.PerformanceyoucanrelyThere are two types of 2T oils Air cooledengines 2T Low-Ash Additive System Additive SystemViscosity ModifierBase Stock Base StockSolventLubricityAgent (PIBorBrightstock) 2T AshlessWater cooled enginesLubricity Agentusually included in additive systemBase StockSolvent ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.PerformanceyoucanrelyAshlessFormulations Air cooledengines 2T Low-Ash Additive

8 System Additive SystemViscosity Modifie
System Additive SystemViscosity ModifierBase Stock Base StockSolventLubricityAgent (PIBorBrightstock) 2T AshlessWater cooled enginesAdditive SystemLubricity Agentusually included in additive systemBase StockSolvent Ashlessadditive system required to prevent pre-ignition in water cooled outboard enginesHistorically, pre-ignition was a major problem for Engines run cooler, so ash deposits are less brittle and build up, causing pre-ignitionAshlessformulations have specialized additive packages that treat at significantly higher levels. A significant treat rate of ashlessdispersants is used to compensate for not using detergent chemistryLubricity agent component incorporated into the additive Polyisobutyleneis used for improved lubricity and exhaust smoke performanceSolvent provides low temperature fluidityImportant for oil-injected systems ©2018 Infi

9 neumInternational Limited. All Rights Re
neumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.PerformanceyoucanrelyLow Ash Formulations Air cooledengines 2T Low-Ash Additive System Additive SystemViscosity ModifierBase Stock Base StockSolventLubricityAgent (PIBorBrightstock) 2T Low AshAdditive SystemBase StockSolvent Low ash additives and metal detergents are used for air Lower cost and lower treat rateEngines run hotter so can tolerate some ash without Ash deposits formed are thin and brittle, so blow out of Solvent is used to improve miscibility of the oil with the fuel But it does lower the oil’s flash point –a safety / Polyisobutylene(PIB) used to improve lubricity whilst reducing exhaust smokeTraditionally brightstockwas used for lubricity Brightstockhas poor smoke perf Base StockLubricityAgent (PIBorBrightstock) Additive ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.20

10 18012.Performanceyoucanrely Snowmobile o
18012.Performanceyoucanrely Snowmobile oils ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.PerformanceyoucanrelyThere are no industry standards for snowmobile oilsFor Two-stroke Engines: Both ashlessand low ash additive systems recommended by OEMsRequires low pour point and low-temperature fluidityOEMs Recommend Pour Point -40°C Good: 60,000 cP@ -40°CBest: 17,000 cP@ -40°C (J1536 grade 4)Exhaust odor an issue due to trail ridingExhaust valves (deposits) can cause poor high RPMPartially burned and unburned fuel and oil can create deposits on the sliding surfaces of the exhaust valves and cause them to stickFor Four-stroke Engines: OEMs generally recommend 0W grades.Most oils are at least part-synthetic, if not full synthetic ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.Performanceyoucanrely Outboard or water

11 cooled oils ©2018 InfineumInternational
cooled oils ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.PerformanceyoucanrelyRecreationalBoatsOperation, BoatTypePowerBoatPontoonBoatBoatPWCOtherBoatsBoats[millions]10.10.90.71.78.221.5Motorized‐‐‐‐0.67.58.1Motorized10.10.90.11.70.613.4Outboard73%94%61%0%72%65%Inboard10%2%38%100%24%22%Inboard/Outboard17%4%1%0%4%13%hp13%5%55%7%55%14%hp14%7%20%5%19%13%hp22%56%21%22%19%24%hp26%28%0%42%0%26%hp14%3%0%18%0%13%hp11%2%0%6%7%10%DATASOURCE:BoatingSurvey15.7 million recreational boats in the US7.9 Million recreational boats in use are outboard powered motor boatsInboard boat use is growing perhaps reflecting the growing towboat marketPower roughly split between & h;&#xp, 2;-75;&#x hp,;&#x 76-;Ő ;&#xhp 7;&#x.500;and 150 hp groups US Powerboat Market ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.Perf

12 ormanceyoucanrelyNMMA oversees leisure m
ormanceyoucanrelyNMMA oversees leisure marine oil NMMA OCC OEMsAdditive companiesTesting Labs Yacht Boat Show IndustryManagementCouncil Conference Education Environmental Development GovernmentRelations Marketing MarketResearch &Communications MarketStatistics CertificationCommittee Action Trailer Association ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.Performanceyoucanrely National Marine Manufacturers Association Cycle -W ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.PerformanceyoucanrelyUS Powerboat MarketNMMA Certifications•NMMA Certified Oils continue to increase, surpassing 300 worldwide4-Stroke certifications increasing, with 2-Stroke now two-thirds of the totalThe number of non OEM 4-stroke FC-W ( CAT) certifications has more than doubled since 2013SOURCE: SplitCertifications ©2018 InfineumInternati

13 onal Limited. All Rights Reserved.201801
onal Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.PerformanceyoucanrelyMost outboard OEMs favor 4T technology BRP (Evinrudebrand name) is focusing on 2T DFI. Latest E-Tech G2 model claims improved fuel efficiency and emissionsMercury carries both 2T DFI ( OptiMaxand Pro XS brand) and 4T engine designs (Verado and SEAPRO brands)Yamaha favors 4T TechnologyYamaha developed High Pressure Direct Injection 2T DFI-no longer in Honda markets only 4T engines (2 hp to 250 hp)Suzuki dropped 2T and is focused on 4T (portables up to V6 models) Most OEMs are using 4T outboard engine models to meet emission regulations ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.PerformanceyoucanrelyOutboard OEMs have driven NMMA to develop higher 2T oil standards TC-W® TC-WII® TC-W3®NMMA TC-W3® is the most modern two-stroke outboard engine oil standard available ©

14 2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All
2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.PerformanceyoucanrelyDemonstration test program ensures TC-W3 oils meet engine requirements Analytical Testing KV @ 40°C TANFTIR Scan Bench Testing Fluidity @ -25°CMiscibility @ -25°CRust Engine Testing CE-50 Lubricity (Yamaha 50 cc)AF-27 Lubricity (Honda Dio)Preignition(Yamaha 50cc)General Performance (OMC 40 HP)Detergency/Scuffing (Mercury 15 HP) x 2Ring Sticking/Detergency (OMC 70 HP)�$300K for a full program ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.PerformanceyoucanrelyNMMA TC-W3 certification Read Across Formulation changes Allowed:Additive increases (+20% relative)Solvent concentration changes (±20% relative) and substitutionsPPD concentration changes (±1%) and substitutions (0.5%)PIB concentration changes (±25% relative)Bright stock concentration c

15 hanges (±10%)Base oil concentration chan
hanges (±10%)Base oil concentration changes (±25%) and supply changesNMMA Read across rules have been expanded to include base stock coverage to Group III ( TC-W3: RL-12345M )Not Allowed:Additive reductions and addition of new componentsMarketers must obtain a trademark license from the NMMALicense number must appear on the oil bottle Annual license fee per oil paid to NMMA by the oil marketer ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.Performanceyoucanrely Four-stroke leisure marine oils ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.PerformanceyoucanrelyThere are three types of four-stroke leisure Sterndrive= Inboard/Outboards (I/O) M M ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.PerformanceyoucanrelyMarine engines operate differently from RPMsIdleOutboards ©2018 InfineumInternationa

16 l Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.P
l Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.Performanceyoucanrely4T outboards’ lubrication challenge4T Outboard Engines operate very differently to PCMOVertical EngineRequiring exceptional bearing lubrication.Driving regime (Idle to full throttle)High engine speeds, causing wear concernsIdle for long periods of time, causing high fuel dilution and potential for wear.Corrosive environments Cooler temperaturesOften operate longer than recommended between oil changes, requiring improved antioxidancy.Challenges to the LubricantWearShear Stability ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.PerformanceyoucanrelyNMMA FC-W standard establishes oil requirements Minimum SG quality PerformanceBenchTestingFoam, Seq. I -III (Industry limits)Foam, Seq. IV (200/50 max)Shear Stability (Report)(3.3 cPmin after shear)Mercury Rust Test (£ than Ref.

17 Oil)NoackVolatility (Report)EOFT (50% ma
Oil)NoackVolatility (Report)EOFT (50% max) Specific gravityTANElementals (Report all) ViscosityGradeTestingKV100°C (Vis grade limits)CCS (Vis grade limits)MRV-TP1 (Vis grade limits) EngineTestingYamaha 115 hpGen. Perf. Required Testing for Basic ReadacrossOil Program.Expected Test Cost is $2K to 7k. Required Additional Testing for Complete FC-W Approval.Expected Test Cost is $45K –$55k. ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.PerformanceyoucanrelyBalance is essential as anti-wear and anti-rust additives both compete for the surface % Rust Rust Inhibitor Concentration Wear Caution!Over treatment significantly hurts wearFC-W ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.PerformanceyoucanrelyExcellent performance in the FC-W rust test requires Typical SJ PCMO 100% Rust NMMA Reference Oil 5973 Range of Rust

18 RatingsNMMA FC-W Oil40%30%20% ©2018 Infi
RatingsNMMA FC-W Oil40%30%20% ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.Performanceyoucanrely FC-W catalyst compatible standard was launched in September 2009U.S. emissions limits went into effect in 2010Sterndrives and inboards required catalyst systems to meet the EPA Catalytic converters are integral to many outboard engines meeting mandates of the California Air Resource Board (CARB)Engine oils require careful formulation to avoid poisoning the catalyst in these enginesThe NMMA has issued a second standard for four-stroke outboard oils with catalysts to ensure availability of appropriate oilsIntended for:All gasoline-powered marine applications, especially those with catalytic convertersBackwards compatible with engines calling for NMMA FC-W ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.Performanceyouca

19 nrelyThere are differences between FC-W
nrelyThere are differences between FC-W and FC-W catalyst compatible standards Performance package: SG quality minimumNo limit on PNo limit on SiNo “stay in grade” limitsNo volatility limitsFC-W Catalyst Compatible Performance package: SM quality minimumP range: 0.06 -0.08%Si limit: 0.002%Stay in gradeNoackvolatility: 22%All other current NMMA FC-W requirements and readacrossrules remain the same for the catalyst-friendly oil standard. ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.PerformanceyoucanrelyNMMA website is a good place for informationwww.NMMA.org/certification/programs/oils/ TC-W3 Certification Procedure ManualTC-W3 Product Approval System (PAS)List of marketer-certified TC-W3 oilswww.NMMA.org/certification/programs/oils/fc-w.asp FC-W Certification Procedure ManualFC-W Product Approval System (PAS)List of marke

20 ter-certified FC-W oils ©2018 InfineumIn
ter-certified FC-W oils ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.Performanceyoucanrely Four-stroke motorcycle oils ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.PerformanceyoucanrelyMotorcyclePopulationforSelectedCountries~500 million motorcycles, scooter and moped in use worldwide [source: Kline 2015]Population concentrated in Eastern Hemisphere Essentially all new motorcycles are four-stroke, for emissionsIndia has overtaken China as having the highest population of two wheelersChina has a large electric bike market, with engines prohibited in major citiesMOTORCYCLE MARKETS Source:KlinePublishedScooters,AnalysisKlineCompany,2016MotorcyclePopulationRegion ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.Performanceyoucanrely How are motorcycles used? Transportation Generally APUsed for tr

21 ansportation and Smaller motorcyclesLarg
ansportation and Smaller motorcyclesLarge rider population Recreation Generally North America and EuropeUsed for recreation and entertainmentLarger road bikes and smaller racing Smaller rider population It depends on where you are in the world. ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.Performanceyoucanrely India leads growth, with increasing purchasing power China decline due to urban restrictions 1,231 kTLubricants marketGrowing at 2.2% CAGR from 2015 to 2019Synthetic and semi –synthetic oils are penetrating the marketLubricantregionTwoTrendsCountry Source:KlinePublishedScooters,AnalysisKlineCompany,2016 MCOProduct ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.Performanceyoucanrely4T Motorcycle Video ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.PerformanceyoucanrelyMotorcycles run unde

22 r more severe conditions than cars.Many
r more severe conditions than cars.Many are air cooled run hotter and fasterLower oil volumes for lubrication and coolingMotorcycle oils [MCO] must lubricate clutch and gears, along with engineRequires a balanced formulation approachPCMO requirements continue to diverge from those needed for MCOs Low friction for PCMO fuel economy impacts MCO clutch performanceLow phos for PCMO for catalyst compatibility impacts MCO wear protectionLow viscosity for PCMO impacts MCO gear protection and oil consumptionMCOs must meet JASO T903:2011 or requirements 4T motorcycles have different lubrication needs ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.PerformanceyoucanrelyMotorcycle oil properties are defined by three High revving; air-cooledSmall oil volume with short oil drain interval (ODI)SJ / SL / SM / SN quality High oil friction for fa

23 st clutch Minimize Friction Modifiers us
st clutch Minimize Friction Modifiers used in PCMOHigh oil viscosity reduces wearShear stable viscosity modifier Gear pitting is a concern with low viscosity oils CLUTCH:Durability CLUTCH:Durability GEARS:PittingProtection GEARS:PittingProtection WearProtection WearProtection ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.PerformanceyoucanrelyJASO T903 4T MOTORCYCLE STANDARDJASO Has Been Registering 4T Motorcycle Oils Since 1999 to address OEM concern about PCMO inadequacies A registration logo is available for registered JASO MA friction quality for Motorcycle JASO MB friction quality for Scooterson has been revised:JASO T903:2016 JASO Motorcycle oil Sub Committee is currently working on a gear pitting JASO Newtestconditions Newfrictionplatematerials Scooteravoiding DiscriminatebetweenJASO ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. A

24 ll Rights Reserved.2018012.Performanceyo
ll Rights Reserved.2018012.PerformanceyoucanrelyJASO T903 specification for four-stroke 1999 Original2006 Revision2011 Revision2016 RevisionSE to SJSG to SMSG to SNGF-1, GF-2GF-1, GF-2, GF-3GFA1 to A3A/B, C2, C3A1/B1, A3/B3, A3/B4, A5/B5 C2, C3, C4G-4/G-5Eliminated--Updated Engine Requirements 1999 Original2006 Revision2011 Revision2016 RevisionNo Limits0.08 –0.120.08 –0.12Phosphorus Limits JASO specified phosphorus rangeconflicts with later ILSAC limits ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.PerformanceyoucanrelyJASOSAE#2test Friction Indexmaxmin MA1 ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.Performanceyoucanrely JASOfourstrokemotorcyclespecificationIndex/ClassificationMA2MA1MAMBDynamicfrictionindex1.50 x  2.501.351.501.352.500.401.35Staticindex1.602.501.451.601.452.500.401.45Stopindex1.60

25 2.501.401.601.402.500.401.40 All three i
2.501.401.601.402.500.401.40 All three indices must be MA2 to claim MA2.All three indices must be MA1 to claim MA1If the indices are from both MA1 and MA2, MA must be claimedMB must be claimed if at least one index is in the MB range ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.PerformanceyoucanrelyJASO website is a good place for information•http://www.jalos.or.jp/onfile/jaso.htm JASO T903:2011 Application ManualJASO T903:2016 Application Manual ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.Performanceyoucanrely Two-stroke low ash oils(air cooled or land equipment oils) ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.PerformanceyoucanrelyAPI TC is the only API specification for 2T oil nstitute Two-stroke Standards All other API categories are API TCevaluates a two-stroke oil’s ring sticking

26 preignition, all in two-stroke engine C
preignition, all in two-stroke engine CategoryApplication examplesTestproceduresCritical lubricationrequirementsTAMopedsLawn mowersSmallgenerators/pumpsTBMotorscootersSmall() motorcyclesHigher oil/fuel ratio chainsawsTCLean oil/fuelRatio chainsawsHi-performancemotorcyclesSnowmobilesYamaha Y350M-2Ring stickingYamahaCE50STighteningPiston scuffingDeposit-inducedRing stickingTDOutboardmotors OBSOLETEOBSOLETEOBSOLETE ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.PerformanceyoucanrelyAPI TC does not have a certifying bodyNo process exists for certifying or registering oils that have passed the API TC requirements.Marketers may claim API TC performance without having actually tested But there must be sufficient data and/or logic for making an API TC TC-W3 oils formulated with Infineum technologies meet API TC quality.API TC program co

27 st:�$44k ©2018 InfineumInternatio
st:�$44k ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.Performanceyoucanrely Japanese OEMs created a 2T standard because they felt that API TC was inadequate Detergency Exhaust Blocking JASO JASO JASO JASO Increasing Quality Smokeless ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.PerformanceyoucanrelyAPI TC performance requires more than minimum treat rates Minimum for API TCtreat rate FA ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.PerformanceyoucanrelyJASO M345 2T standard revision driven by test StandardLubricantPerformanceRequirementCurrentenginePlannedNewJASOM340LubricityHONDAHusqvanaZENOAH(65.6cc)JASOM341DetergencyHONDAHusqvanaZENOAH(65.6cc)JASOM342SmokeSUZUKISX800YAMAHAJASOM343ExhaustsystemSX800YAMAHA ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.Performance

28 youcanrelyJASO has been registering 2T o
youcanrelyJASO has been registering 2T oils since 1994 Marketer must register the oil with JASO in order to use the JASO Logo and registration number must appear on the bottle for registered One-time registration fee of 40,000 Yen ($400) per oil must be paid to JASO by the oil marketer.JASO 2T testing cost:�$18kJASO quality claims can be made without JASO registration JASO Plans to revise the M345 spec to include the current engines designsJASO M345:2018 FAU 1Q 2019 ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.PerformanceyoucanrelySmall engine summarySmall engine 2T & 4T oils require dedicated and balanced formulations2T for outboards (water-cooled) require ashlesstechnologyQuality set by NMMA TC-W3 standard4T for outboard Small Engines 4 stroke applicationMarine quality set by NMMA FC-W and FC-W Catalyst Compatibl

29 e 4T Motorcycle applications require sui
e 4T Motorcycle applications require suitable friction and wear performanceJASO MA and MB standards for motorcycles and scooters2T for land equipment (air-cooled) require low-ash technologyQuality set by JASO and API TCRevision of the JASO 2T specification is in progress ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.PerformanceyoucanrelySmall engines –special applications requiring ©2018 InfineumInternational Limited. All Rights Reserved.2018012.Performanceyoucanrely Permissiongivenforstoragecopyelectronicmeansforpurposes.FurtherreproductionmaterialprohibitedwithoutpriorwrittenconsentInfineumInternationalTheinformationcontaineddocumentbasedbelievedreliabletimegoingpressmattersspecificallymentioneddocument.Infineumhasusedreasonablepreparationinformation,absenceoverridingobligationsarisingunderspecificcontract,representation,(expr

30 essimplied),guaranteemadeassuitability,a
essimplied),guaranteemadeassuitability,accuracy,reliabilitycompletenessinformation;nothingdocumentshallreduceuser’sresponsibilitysatisfysuitability,accuracy,reliability,completenesssuchinformationforparticularuse;thereagainstintellectualpropertyinfringement;Infineumshallliableforloss,damageinjurymayoccurfromuseinformationotherdeathpersonalinjurycausednegligence.statementshallconstruedendorsementproductprocess.certainty,beforeuseinformationcontaineddocument,particularlyproductusedforpurposeunderconditionswhichabnormalreasonablyforeseeable,informationmustwithsuppliersuchinformation.websitesfromdocumentprovidedforconvenience.Infineumdoescontrolresponsibleforcontentthosewebsites.decidethosewebsites,entirelyownrisk.PleasealsoPrivacyPolicy.‘INFINEUM’,interlockingRippleDevice,corporatemarkcomprisinginterlockingRippleDevicetrademarksInfineumInternationalIn