PPT-Unit IV Chemical Equilibrium Focusing on Acid-Base Systems

Chemical System A system is described in terms of empirical properties such as temperature pressure volume and amount of substance present By definition all chemical systems are fast quantitative stoichiometric and spontaneous However this assumption is NOT always true. Laltu. Chandra. Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur. chandra@iitj.ac.in. Concentrated solar thermal technologies. Line Focusing (Flux concentration: up to 100 suns). Parabolic Trough Concentrator based. Marissa Levy. Boyi. Zhang. Shana . Zucker. What is an acid? What is A Base?. Arrhenius. Acid- An acid is a substance that when dissolved increases H. +. concentration. Base- A base is a substance that when dissolved increases OH. Titration. Acid–Base Titration. The concentration of a weak acid or a weak base in water is difficult – if not impossible – to measure directly.. But we can calculate the concentration from the results of titration.. When carbon dioxide d_______ in water it forms carbonic acid. The more c______ dioxide the more a_______ the solution becomes . ie. . The pH d_________!. If distilled water (pH 7.0) is exposed to air the carbon dioxide from the air will form dilute carbonic acid (pH 5.5-6.0). Acid-Base chemistry & pH. Recognizing acid/base and conjugate base/acid. Calculation of pH, . pOH. , [H. 3. O. +. ], [OH. -. ]. Calculating pH for solutions of strong acids/base. Ionization constant: . Principles of Chemical Reactivity: . The Chemistry of Acids and Bases. In Chapter 3, you were introduced to two definitions of acids and bases: the Arrhenius and the Brønsted–Lowry definition.. Arrhenius acid: Any substance that when dissolved in water increases the concentration of hydrogen ions, H. Daley & . Daley. Chapter 5. :. Acid-base theory. 5.1 Acids & bases: overview & basics. 5.2 Acid & base strength. 5.3 Equilibrium acid-base reactions. 5.4 The leveling effect of solvents. E-mail: . benzene4president@gmail.com. Web-site: http://clas.sa.ucsb.edu/staff/terri/. Chemical Equilibrium – Ch. 6. 1. Consider the following reaction: . N. 2. (g) 3 . H. 2. (g) . ⇌ . The State of Chemical Equilibrium. Chemical Equilibrium. : The state reached when the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant over time.. 2 NO. 2. (. g. ). N. 2. O. 4. (. g. ). Brown. Learning Objectives. Describe . what is meant by acids, bases and . buffers. List . normal pH of the body fluids. . Describe . the processes involved in maintenance of normal blood pH. .. Describe . various types of acidosis and alkalosis. For cells to function optimally, . a steady balance . between the acids and the bases . is necessary.. Acid-base balance represents homeostasis of hydrogen (H+) ion . concentration in . body fluids. . . When the rates of the forward and reverse reactions become equal, the concentrations of the reactants and the products remain constant. This is the stage of chemical equilibrium. This equilibrium is . 4.1 Introduction for Reactions. A physical change occurs when a substance undergoes a change in properties, but not a change in composition. Changes in the phase of a substance (solid, liquid, gas)or formation/separation of mixtures of substances are common physical changes. Acid. is defined as a substance which when dissolved in water gives hydrogen ions. (H +) . Examples.. Base is defined as a substance which when dissolved in water gives hydroxyl ions. (OH-) . Examples..