Biomolecules Organic molecules made up of Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen a nd sometimes Phosphorus LATIN 101 Poly Many Mono O ne Hydro Water actually Greek Synthesis ID: 748545
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Slide1
bioMOLECULES
THE STUFF OF LIFESlide2
Biomolecules
Organic molecules made up of:
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
a
nd sometimes PhosphorusSlide3
LATIN 101
Poly = ManyMono = OneHydro =
Water
(actually Greek)
Synthesis =
to make or
form
Lysis
=
loosen;
break apart
Lipos
=
fatSlide4
Carbon compounds and cellsLife as we know it is carbon-based.
A carbon atom can form chemical bonds with other carbon atoms in long chains or rings.Slide5
Carbon compounds and cellsCarbon compounds in living things include:
carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.Slide6
ORGANIC compounds-COMPOUNDS THAT CONTAIN THE ELEMENT CARBON
95% of all compounds are organicExample: Glucose C
6
H
12
O
6Slide7Slide8
BUILDING BLOCKS ANALOGYSlide9
Polymers – large organic molecules made of smaller parts known as monomers (Building blocks of polymers)Slide10
FOUR MACROMoleculeS of LIFE
POLYMERMONOMER
Carbohydrates
(Polysaccharides)
Monosaccharides
(simple sugars)
Lipids
(e.g. fats)
Glycerol and Fatty Acids
Protein
Amino Acids
Nucleic Acids
NucleotidesSlide11
CARBOHYDRATES
Carbohydrates are energy-rich
compounds made from
carbon
, hydrogen, and
oxygen
(they store energy)
Cells use carbohydrates
to get
and
store
energy
.
Carbohydrates add
structure to plants (cellulose)
Carbohydrates are also called sugars or starches.Slide12
Carbohydrates
Plant cells store energy as starch.Rice, potatoes, and wheat are plant starches.Slide13
CARBOHYDRATES
FUNCTIONQuick and short term energy
FOUND
IN
Breads, Pastas,
Potatoes, Corn
STRUCTURE
(1:2:1 ratio)
1 carbon:2
hydrogen:1 oxygen)
Contain
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen (CHO) Unique because they always have two hydrogen for every one oxygen (hydrate-like water H
2
0)
MONO
SACCHARIDE EXAMPLES
-- glucose, dextrose
Glucose (
C
6
H
12
O
6
)
DI
SACCHARIDE
EXAMPLES
-- sucrose (plain sugar,
lactose (milk sugar
Lactose (milk sugar)
Maltose (malt sugar-in grain),
Sucrose (made of fructose & maltose combined-in sugar cane)
(C12H22O11)POLYSACCHARIDE EXAMPLES-- potatoes, bread, grains, corn100 to 1000 monosaccharides joinedStarch-how carbohydrates are stored in plantsGlycogen-how carbohydrates are stored in animalsCellulose-found in plant cell walls; animals cannot digest (Fiber)Slide14
LIPIDS
Lipids are made by cells to store energy for long periods of time.
Used to make membranes in cells.
Lipids include fats, oils, and waxes.
Can you think of examples of lipids in plants or animals?Slide15
LIPIDS “Lipos-FAT”
FUNCTIONLong term energy storageInsulate against heat loss
Protective cushion around organs
FOUND
IN
Fatty foods, butter, margarine, cooking oils
STRUCTURE
Contain
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen (on occasion other elements)
Glycerol (backbone 3 Carbons with -OH groups) and fatty acid
chains
Don’t dissolve in water
FATS and OILS
(Triglycerides)
One glycerol
with 3 fatty acid tail
PHOSPHOLIPIDS
Make up cell membranes contain C,H, O and phosphorus (2 fatty acid tails)
WAXES
Only 1 fatty acid tail with alcohol
attached; protective coating on fruits etc.
STEROIDS
Includes cholesterol, female and male sex hormoneSlide16
PROTEINS
Proteins are very large molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur.Protein molecules are made of
chains of smaller
molecules called
amino acids
.
Control structure & metabolism of cellsSlide17
FUNCTIONBuilding blocks of living materials; compose structural parts such as keratin in hair and nails, antibodies, cartilage, bones, ligaments and enzymes (compounds that speed up reactions)
FOUND INMeat, Eggs and CheeseSTRUCTUREMuch larger, more complex than carbohydrates and lipids . Contain Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen &
Nitrogen
.
BUILDING BLOCKS
Amino Acids (There are 20 different amino
acids)
PEPTIDE
BONDS
Hold amino
acids together (
dipeptides
,
tripeptides
, polypeptides)
DENATURATION
When proteins
are exposed to extreme changes in pH, temperature etc. they lose their shape and can no longer function.
PROTEINSSlide18
NUCLEIC ACIDS
Nucleic acids are compounds made of long, repeating chains called nucleotides.
DNA is a nucleic acid that contains the information cells need to make all of their proteins
. DNA is the “blueprint” for living organisms.Slide19
FUNCTIONImportant for growth & reproduction of cells, contains the genetic code (what genes are made from)
FOUND INGenes – 2 types DNA and RNASTRUCTURESugar (deoxyribose
or ribose), phosphate, nitrogen bases
BUILDING BLOCKS
Nucleotides
ATP
A
nucleic acid that is made in the cell’s mitochondria. Glucose is converted into ATP.
SHAPE
DNA is known for its twisted ladder shape
Nucleic acidsSlide20
Nucleotide – monomer of
nucleic acidsSlide21
DNA
Some scientists refer to DNA as the “blueprint” for life.
What is a blueprint and why might scientists use this “analogy”?Slide22
QUIZ TIMEWHAT DO YOU KNOW?Slide23
Am I a Carbohydrate, nucleic acid, Protein or lipid?
NOTICE: C,H,O and the 2:1 ratio of H to OSlide24
Am I a Carbohydrate, nucleic acid, Protein or lipid?
NOTICE:
the twisted shape of DNASlide25
Am I a Carbohydrate, nucleic acid, Protein or lipid?
NOTICE: The Glycerol back bone and fatty acid tailsSlide26
am I a Carbohydrate, nucleic acid, Protein or lipid?
NOTICE: The amino acid monomersSlide27
Am I a Carbohydrate, nucleic acid, Protein or lipid?Slide28
Am I a Carbohydrate, nucleic acid, Protein or lipid?Slide29
Am I a Carbohydrate, nucleic acid, Protein or lipid?
CHROMOSOMESlide30
Am I a Carbohydrate, nucleic acid, Protein or lipid?Slide31
Am I a Carbohydrate, nucleic acid, Protein or lipid?
NOTICE: The
phospate
, sugar and baseSlide32
Am I a Carbohydrate, nucleic acid, Protein or lipid?
NOTICE: The nitrogen and R-groupSlide33
FRONT SIDE OF TABS:Tab A1. Label the tab CARBOHYDRATE
(BLUE). 2. Write a basic description.3. Sketch and color a GLUCOSE moleculeTAB B1. Label the tab LIPID (GREEN) 2. List what lipids include. 3. Sketch and label a
TRIGLYCERIDE
molecule.
TAB C
1. Label the tab
PROTEIN
(RED)
2. Write a basic description.
3. Sketch and color an
AMINO ACID
TAB D
1. Label the tab
NUCLEIC ACID
(PURPLE)
2. Write a basic description.
3. Sketch and color a
NUCLEOTIDE
BACK SIDE OF TABS:
TAB A
1. Give
2
FUNCTIONS OF
CARBOHYDRATES
2. List
4
EXAMPLES OF
CARBOHYDRATES
TAB B
1. Give
2
FUNCTIONS OF
LIPID2. List 4 EXAMPLES OF LIPIDS TAB C1. Give 4 FUNCTIONS OF PROTEIN2. List 2 EXAMPLES OF PROTEINS TAB D1. Give 2 FUNCTIONS OF NUCLEIC ACIDS 2. List
2
EXAMPLES OF
NUCLEIC ACIDS
MACROMOLECULE
FOLDABLE
Fold
and cut a piece of paper as shown below to make 4 tabs.
Hamburger-fold Then, fold this in half
a piece of paper. to make creases for flaps.
Next. Open the paper up
and Cut along the creases
f
old
the edges to the center. to make flaps.
ON THE INSIDE CENTER SECTION, write this heading at the top of the page:
“COMPOUNDS IN A PERSON”.
Draw a human, and show where/how the 4 macromolecules are used in the body.
On the back of the Foldable, write your name and class period.
Below your name and class period, write and define the following terms:
1. POLYMER (also – draw and label a diagram)
2. MONOMER (also – draw and label a diagram)
A B
C D