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Cells: cytology part I Cells: cytology part I

Cells: cytology part I - PowerPoint Presentation

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Cells: cytology part I - PPT Presentation

Unit 1 Chp 3 A Structure Cell Theory Introduction Cytology study of cells Robert Hooke coined the word cell Matthias Schleiden plants made of cells Theodor Schwann animals made of cells ID: 472361

cells cell youtube www cell cells www youtube watch membrane http water pressure energy nucleus organelles transport concentration proteins

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Slide1

Cells: cytology part I

Unit 1

Chp

3Slide2

A. Structure

Cell TheoryIntroduction

Cytology – study of cells

Robert Hooke – coined the word cell

Matthias

Schleiden

– plants made of cells

Theodor Schwann – animals made of cells

Rudolf Virchow – cells come from preexisting cells Slide3

b. 3 principles

Slide4

2. Levels of Cellular Organization

a. Unicellular – 1 cell; algae, protozoans

, bacteria

b.

Multicellular

1) Many cells

2) Colonial – similar cells living togetherSlide5

3) Tissue – similar cells working together

4) Organ – several tissues working together 5) Organ system – group of organs that complete a function

6) All systems rely on others for survivalSlide6

B. Cell Anatomy

Two Types Eukaryotic

Have membrane around nucleus

Have organelles in cytoplasm

Prokaryotic

No membrane bound nucleus

No membrane bound organellesSlide7

Prokaryotic EukaryoticSlide8

2. Cell Boundaries

a. Plasma membranes 1) Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

2) Aka – cell membrane

3) Outermost membrane

4)

Phospholipid

bilayer

5) Hydrophobic/

philic ends 6) Proteins let things through (pg 77)Slide9

b. Cell Walls

1) Only plants 2) Outer most layer

3) Rigid and made of cellulose

4) Primary wall – made when cell is still developing

5) Secondary wall

a) Produced when cell is mature

b) More cellulose than primary wallSlide10

3. Cytoplasm

a. Holds all organelles b. Jelly-like

c.

Cytoplasmic

organelles

(pg 80 – 85)

1) Mitochondria

a) “Powerhouse”

b) Make energy from sugar

c) 2 membranesSlide11

i. Outer – smooth ii. Inner

i

) Lots of folds – increase surface area

ii) Called

cristae

d) Contain own DNA

e) Numerous to few in a cellSlide12
Slide13

2) Ribosomes

a) Made of protein and RNA b) Makes protein

c) Free floating or on ER

3) Endoplasmic reticulum

a) Transport system and holds shape

b) 2 kinds

i

. RER – has ribosomes

ii. SER – detoxifies Slide14

Ribosomes

Endoplasmic ReticulumSlide15

4) Golgi Apparatus

a) Packaging – proteins and lipids b) Sacs get pinched off

5) Lysosomes

a) Garbage men

b) Have digestive enzymes

c) Bacteria and nonfunctional cellsSlide16

Golgi Apparatus

LysosomesSlide17

6) Cytoskeleton

a) Frame of cell b) Railroads

c) Has microtubules and microfilaments

7) Flagella

a) Usually only 1

b) Long extension for locomotionSlide18

8) Cilia

a) Cover entire cell b) Shorter than flagella

c) Can move cell or move surroundingsSlide19
Slide20

9) Plastids

a) In plants and algae b) Chloroplast –

chromoplast

organelle used to change light into energy

i

.

Thylakoids

– flattened sacs

ii.

Grana – stacks of thylakoids which contain chlorophyll Slide21

10) Vacuoles and Vesicles (pg 85)

a) Vacuoles – Organelle that contains water, food, waste, or other material b) Vesicles – more mobile than vacuoles

c)

Turgor

Pressure – water pressure in a cellSlide22

Turgor Pressure – sped up

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fNyYuVarTIQTurgor Pressure – matches http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qrp7V0Q5qYQSlide23

4. Nucleus

a. Control center b. DNA replication happens here

c. Nuclear envelope

1) Double membrane around nucleus

2) Nuclear pores – openings in envelope

3) Holds DNA

4) Nucleolus – contains RNA and starts to make proteinsSlide24
Slide25

C. Cells and their environment

Homeostasis

Keeping a steady condition

Constantly collects info and interprets

Temperature

Solutions

Isotonic – concentration same inside and out of cellSlide26

2) Hypotonic

a) Higher concentration of water outside the cell b) Cell absorbs water

c)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OYoaLzobQmk

3) Hypertonic

a) Higher concentration of water inside the cell

b) Water diffuses out

c)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IRQLRO3dIp8

Slide27
Slide28

2. Transportation across membrane

a. Passive Transport 1) No energy needed

2) Diffusion and osmosis

3) Speed

a) Size

b) Shape

c) Electrical chargesSlide29

b. Active Transport

1) Need energy – against concentration gradient 2) Aka – pump

3) Carrier proteins – allow only certain things to pass through

4)

Na

+

K

+

pumpSlide30

Slide31

c. Endocytosis and Exocytosis

1) Active transport 2) Endocytosis

a) Into the cell

b)

Phagocytosis

– One cell ingesting another; solid material

c)

Pinocytosis

– moves fluids

3) Exocytosis – out of the cellSlide32
Slide33

Endocytosis vs. Exocytosis

(2min)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qpw2p1x9CicSodium-Potassium Pump

(3min)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=awz6lIss3hQ

Diffusion, solutions, and more!

(12min)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dPKvHrD1eS4