England What do we know Write down ANYTHING you think you might know about this country bubblus What is England httpswwwgooglecommapsplaceEnglandUK489393077738230633zdata4m23m11s0x47d0a98a6c1ed5df0xf4e19525332d8ea8 ID: 365068
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Slide1
English philologySlide2
England
What do we know? Write down ANYTHING you
think you might know about this country.bubbl.usSlide3
What is England?
https://www.google.com/maps/place/England,+UK/@48.9393077,-7.3823063,3z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x47d0a98a6c1ed5df:0xf4e19525332d8ea8
England < Great Britain < The United Kingdom (UK)Slide4
Philology
philology
: the branch of knowledge that deals with the structure, historical development, and relationships of a language or languages.Slide5
“A Borrowed Language”
What might this mean?Slide6
Cuchulain
(
Cuh-Hullen
) The oldest known British Isles folk hero. (Very Irish)Slide7
The Original Celtic
Cathac
of St. ColumbiaEarly story
Written centuries laterSlide8
The Original Celtic –
Pangur Ban
A monk’s poem about a cat
This is not EnglishIt might serve as the basis for what English became.Slide9
An example of modern Gaelic
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e6JbUDBfY1ESlide10
The Original Celtic
Before AD 43 – Old Celtic/Britton
Romans drove them outRomans spoke Latin
Latin influence in the area (Romano-British)Slide11
Welcome!
What were the two languages we discussed yesterday?
Which was there first and which was brought and who brought it to England?Slide12
The Timeline (so far)
????? – 43AD – Celtic/British
43AD – ~400AD – Romano-BritishSlide13
The Anglo-Saxon InvasionSlide14
Anglo-Saxons
Following Roman retreat in 5
th century AD (Anno Domini, “In the year of our Lord,” or CE (common era)Germanic KingdomsSlide15
Slaughter of Locals?
Probably not.
Small groups settled unused land.
Acculturation or slow integration.Slide16
Anglo-Saxon culture
kinda
took over.Brittons still thereRemnants of Celtic and Latin still aroundSlide17
“Germanic” Tribes
Guess what older version of the modern language they spoke.
No surprise, German.No record of what they actually sounded like.Slide18
Why combine languages?
Anglo-Saxons had MONEY!
Kings/wealthy travelled, set up in England
Anglo-Saxon became the language of the eliteLocals learned it to seem “cool”Families created common ancestors with A-SSlide19
How it all adds up:
Old Gaelic Romano/Britton
+ Anglo-SaxonOld EnglishSlide20
Guess the name of this font!
Yep: Old EnglishSlide21
Caedmon’s Hymn
Now (we) should praise of the kingdom of heaven the Warden,
Of the Creator the might, and his mind-thought (purpose),the work of the Gloryfather
, just as he of wonders,eternal Lord, created the beginning (of each).He first created for the children of earthheaven as a roof, holy Shaper;then Middle Earth mankind's Warden,
eternal Lord, after createdfor men the earth, Ruler almighty.Slide22
The Gloryfather
?
The Christian Lord?Celtic Gods?Roman Gods?
Norse Gods?Slide23Slide24
Christian Missionaries
Traveled all over Europe converting people for centuries
Favorite book?Copy, Paste, RepeatMonks = only writers
Local stories eventually got written downSlide25
Beowulf
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y13cES7MMd8Slide26
From the GET GO
Language of
praise and wonderSlide27
Welcome!
The story so far…
????? – 43AD – Celtic/British43AD – ~400AD – Romano-British~400AD – 1066 – Anglo-Saxon1066…Slide28
THE NORMAN INVASION!!!!Slide29
How it all started…Slide30
Vikings going
cray-cray
on EuropeSlide31
France invites a Viking clan to settle the northern beaches to protect the mainland.
“
Nortmanni” or “Northmen”
bacame “Normandy”>> ~100 yearsSlide32
William the Conqueror – Unites Normandy and sails to England for battle!Slide33
The Norman Invasion
Anglo-Saxons: slow, peaceful acculturation
Normans: Killing and replacingSlide34
1066
In the year of our Lord
(Anno Domini, AD) or
the Common Era (CE)Slide35
The Norman InvasionSlide36
Their language
Norman-French
Mixture of Viking Norweigen/Swedish and local French
http://www.thehistoryofenglish.com/history_middle.htmlSlide37
Again, they were high-status
William the Conqueror took all the land and gave it his rich buddies.
Therefore, landowners, business owners, and the nobility all spoke Norman-French.If you were still speaking the Old English?
Had to learn new language of business.Slide38
Old English and Norman-French
pig
/ pork,
chicken/ poultry, calf
/ veal, cow/
beef, wood/ forest
,
sheep
/
mutton
,
house
/
mansion
,
worthy
/
valuable
,
bold
/
courageous
,
freedom
/
liberty
.
[6]Slide39
Norman Influence on High-Society
Nobility: crown, castle, prince, count, duke, baron, noble, sovereign, heraldry
Government: parliament, government, governor, city
Law: court, judge, justice, accuse, arrest, sentence, appeal, condemn, plaintiff, bailiff, jury, felony, verdict, traitor, contract, damage, prisonWar: army, armour, archer, battle, soldier, guard, courage, peace, enemy, destroy
Wealth: mansion, money, gown, boot, beauty, mirror, jewel, appetite, banquet, herb, spice, sauce, roastArt: art, colour,
language, literature, poet, chapterSlide40
Their Language in England
English < Norman French = Modern French
fashion < faichon = façon
cabbage < caboche = chou (cf.
caboche) candle < ca(u)ndelle = chandelle, bougie
castle < castel (now catè) = château,
castelet cauldron < caudron = chaudron
causeway <
caucie
(now
cauchie
) =
chaussée
catch <
cachier
(now
cachi
) =
chasser
cater <
acater
=
acheter
cattle < *
capte
(l) =
cheptel
cherry (
ies
) <
cherise
(
chrise
,
chise
) = cerise
fork <
fouorque
=
fourche
garden <
gardin
=
jardin mug < mogue/moque = mug, boc plank < pllanque = planche pocket < pouquette = poche poor < paur = pauvre wait < waitier (old Norman) = gaitier (mod. guetter ) war < werre (old Norman) = guerre wicket < viquet = guichet (cf. piquet) Slide41
How it all adds up:
Old Gaelic Romano/Britton Anglo-Saxon
+ Norman-FrenchMiddle EnglishSlide42
Some Old Translations…Slide43
Some Old Translations…Slide44
Middle English
Most notable example:
Geoffery Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QE0MtENfOMUSlide45Slide46
The History of English in Ten Minutes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SfKhlJIAhewSlide47
When we return, please title a new heading “Shakespeare’s Influence on the English Language”
Break Time!!Slide48
One man!
More influence than anyone else
Greatest writer in EnglishGreatest playwright in the worldInfluence countless other artists and authorsSlide49
Before Bill Shaxbear
Think about the language
Different everywhereNo fixed set of rules
Chaotic!Slide50
The Enlightenment
Out of the brutal, violent “Dark Ages”
New ideas of philosophy, religion, art, and science… but no proper vocabularySo if no word exists to represent what you feel, make one up or steal one!
30,000 new/borrowed words added from 1500-1650Slide51
Vocabulary
Warren King "In all of his work – the plays, the sonnets and the narrative poems – Shakespeare uses 17,677 words: Of those,
1,700 were first used by Shakespeare.”Oxford English Dictionary records over 2,000Slide52
Resources
http://www.nosweatshakespeare.com/resources/shakespeare-words/
http://www.nosweatshakespeare.com/resources/shakespeare-phrases/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMkuUADWW2ASlide53
Welcome!
Please have out your notes on English Philology and title a new heading “The Printing Press”Slide54
Sorry China!Slide55
Europe Wins!
Johannes Gutenberg
Originally a craftsman, mixed a new, durable metalInvented oil-based inkSlide56
Printing and Language
Chaos of different dialects
Big presses located in London (Caxton), so that was the version of Middle English publishedLocal dialects influenced by London dialect
Now shared versions of texts (Standardization and Unification)Mistakes?Slide57
The First Dictionary
Dictionary of the English Language
, Dr. Samuel Johnson, 1755 Slide58
The Most Popular Book…
… King James?Slide59
King JamesSlide60
The Original King James
Stuffy, Old, White Dude
Commissioned third translation of BibleLatin > English
Puritans dissatisfied with first twoSlide61Slide62Slide63
Literary Influence of the Bible
HUGE!!!
Fall of LuciferAdam and EveCain and AbelAbraham and IsaacJobSlide64
Ever Since…
Industrial Revolution
ImperialismDigital EvolutionSlide65
Report procedure
give handout/expectations
two days for first draftone day for peer editing/conferencingSlide66
Grammatical Labeling
Please label your first draft with the following grammatical elements
Parts of speech (4) eachnouns, verbs, adjectives, pronouns
Parts of a sentenceParallel StructureList of itemsColon, CommasHomophones (4)
ApostrophesSlide67
Welcome!
Please write in your notes the definition of a paragraph and the specific components that go into making a good one.
Paragraph – a distinct selection of sentences, usually exploring a single ideaSlide68
What a paragraph needs…
Indenting – starting the first line 1/2 inch from the margin – hit tab
5-7 sentencesTransition sentenceTopic Sentence/Hook – describes what you’ll be explaining
Examples to back up the first sentence (support) – DetailsConclusion – wraps up specific ideaTransition – to the next ideaSlide69
Reflection on your draftsSlide70
Introduction Paragraphs
What makes a good one?
Hook to get the reader interested
What are the roots of the English language? Why does English have so many words from other languages? English evolved from many languages. “Interesting Quote.” The English language has impacted the world by borrowing or stealing words. Background information
Languages are always changing. When wars happen, people move around and their language goes with them.Big Ideas/Main points
Thesis statementEnglish is made of so many languages
The mixture of these influences have created the English LanguageSlide71
Conclusion paragraphs
Wraps up entire essay in 3+ sentences
No new detailsRestate your thesis in different words
A summary of what you discussedInviting further thought
The future of the language?Hypothesize about other language evolutions?Slide72
Drafting, Peer Editing, Conferences
Think about paragraph construction
(4 Each) Parts
of speech (nouns, verbs, adjectives, pronouns/antecedents, prepositions, conjunctions)(4)Parts of a sentence (subject, predicate, prepositional phrases)(1)Parallel
structure(1)Lists of items with or without a colon(2)Knowledge of homophones(2)Proper
use of apostrophes (contractions are OK here, possession)Slide73
FINAL DRAFT
Due on Tuesday