Goals A World Without Gender To explore the levels of sex To better understand the variations of sexgender To articulate processes of gender identity development How Many Sexes Are There Geneticchromosomal sex ID: 559378
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Slide1
Gender and Gender Roles
GoalsA World Without GenderTo explore the levels of sexTo better understand the variations of sex/genderTo articulate processes of gender identity developmentSlide2
How Many Sexes Are There?
Genetic/chromosomal sexGonadal/hormonal sexBody sexBrain sexSlide3
What is Genetic/Chromosomal Sex?
Begins with genetic combo of sperm and eggGenetic map is established23 pairs of chromosomes22 are autosomes (non-sex chromosomes)1 pair contains sex chromosomes (XX or XY – or some other configuration)Slide4
What is Gonadal/Hormonal Sex?
AT THE BEGINNING (we all have….)Accessory OrgansA Pair of Sexless Gonads
Two Duct Systems (
Mullerian
/
Wollfian
)
As Development Progresses….
XY
XX (no Y to interfere) Y X H-Y Antigen Development of ovaries Testicular development Estrogen Androgens (Testosterone) Wollfian ducts deteriorateDevelopment of Wollfian ducts into Development of Mullerian ducts penis and scrotum into uterus and fallopian tubesActivation of the Mullerian repression hormone Slide5
What is Body Sex?
By the 8th week, sex organs are distinguishable (16th week by US is typical)Testosterone and DHTParts influence person’s self perceptionSlide6
What is Brain Sex?
The sexually differentiated brain?Hormones and the brainSlide7
What Are Some Variations on Biological Sex?
~Intersexuality ~True hermaphrodite/ Pseudohermaphrodite
http://www.angelfire.com/ca2/BornHermaphrodite/
~
Fetally
Androgenized females
~Exposure
to synthetic hormones
~Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
~Androgen insensitivity syndrome/Testicular feminization ~DHT deficiency syndrome Guevedoces ~Turner’s syndrome ~XXY and XYY Slide8
What Are Some Gender Terms?
Gender identityGender roleCisgenderSlide9
A Look at Meanings of Trans
TransgenderRole of DSMTranssexualTransvestiteHealth careSlide10
How is Gender Identity Developed?
Prenatal Factors
Combining
chromosomes from egg and sperm
H
-Y antigen
Fetal
gonads
(testes or ovaries) Production or nonproduction of fetal hormonesGrowth of distinguishable Effects on developmentfemale and/or male sex organs of the brain Distinguishable female and/or male sex organs Sex assignment at birth Child’s own body image Rearing child as boy or girl Child’s core gender identity
Infancy & Childhood FactorsSlide11
How Might Gender Be Interpreted?
BIPOLAR“All Man”
“
All
Woman
”
Becoming more feminine
Becoming
more
masculine
and less masculine and less feminineHypermasculine traits Hyperfeminine traits ORTHOGONAL Feminine Not masculine Masculine
Not Feminine
OBLIQUE
Androgynous
Feminine
Masculine
Not
masculine Not feminine UndifferentiatedSlide12
Gender Feedback Loop
While many argue gender and sex are separate things, they can also be considered as interactive with one another – gender shapes sexual identity and sexual identity shapes gender. Shrinking WomanSlide13
Gender Feedback LoopSlide14
Male
FemaleBiological Sex(external genitalia, internal repro. systems, chroms, hormones, secondary sex characs)
Male Intersex/Hermaphrodite Female
________________________________________________________________________________________
Gender Identity
(sense of self as being male or female; gender identity doesn’t always match biological sex)
Man/boy Both/Neither/Other Woman/girl
________________________________________________________________________________________
Gender Expression
(Display of gender traits like clothing, hair, mannerisms, speech, roles)
Masculine Androgynous Feminine
________________________________________________________________________________________Sexual Orientation(erotic and affectional response to another with respect to gender, bio sex?)Attracted to women Bisexual/Asexual/Pansexual(?) Attracted to men_____________________________________________________________________
Are Sex and Gender Multidimensional?Slide15