and the Arts Chapter 6 The Rise of Ancient Greece Objectives In this section you will Identify the religious beliefs of the ancient Greeks Explore how the Greeks searched for knowledge about the ID: 715052
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Slide1
Lesson 2Religion, Philosophy, and the Arts
Chapter 6
The Rise of Ancient GreeceSlide2
ObjectivesIn
this section you
will…
Identify
the religious beliefs of the ancient
Greeks.
Explore
how the Greeks searched for knowledge about the
world.
Describe
the relationship between the rise of democracy and the spread of new ideas in Greek city-states.Slide3
Key Termstribute - a payment made by a less
powerful
state or nation to a more
powerful one
immortal - someone or something that
lives forever
oracle - in Ancient Greece a sacred site
used
to consult a god or goddess; any
priest
or priestess who spoke for the
gods
.Slide4
philosopher - someone who used reason to understand the world; in Greece the earliest philosophers used reason to explain natural events.
tragedy - a type of serious drama that ends in disaster for the main character. Slide5
The Golden Age of
AthensSlide6
The years 479 B.C. to 431 B.C. are known as the Golden Age of Athens. Trade
, silver mined by slaves, and tribute made the city rich.
Athenians
made achievements in the arts, philosophy, and literature; democracy reached its high point. Slide7
Pericles, a well-educated and intelligent man, was the most powerful person in Athenian politics for about 30 years.
Although a member
of an aristocratic family,
Pericles still supported
democracy and became leader of a democratic group around 460 B.C.
Pericles had the
city pay a salary to its
officials, allowing
poor citizens
to
hold public office. Slide8
The construction of the Parthenon between 447 and 432 B.C. was one of the greatest accomplishments under Pericles's rule.
It was built to honor the protector of Athens, the goddess Athena, as part of the general reconstruction of the
Acropolis
in Athens.Slide9
Reading Check
How
did Pericles strengthen democracy?
Pericles
strengthened democracy by introducing reforms that strengthened democracy.
He
had the city pay a salary to its officials.
This
meant poor citizens could afford to hold public office. Slide10
Ancient Greek Religious Beliefs Greeks
worshiped a family of gods and goddesses called the Twelve
Olympians, who ruled
areas of human
life.
The
Greeks
honored
their
gods by giving
thanks and receive blessings.
They
also tried to avoid angering their gods.Slide11
Gods and
GoddessesSlide12
Wherever the Greeks lived they built temples to their immortal gods led by Zeus. Mt.
Olympus is Greece's highest mountain; Zeus also ruled the gods and humans from
there
. Slide13
Greeks honored many gods as well as mythical heroes, such as Achilles.
All Greeks
worshiped all
the gods
but each
city-state
honored one of the twelve gods and built a temple for their god. Slide14
They would hold festivals, sacrifice animals, and offer food to the gods to honor them, but for Zeus all city-states would come together and hold an Olympian festival and games. Slide15
The
OraclesSlide16
Greeks visited shrines to speak with oracles, priest or priestess of the gods, who would give advice or signs on
how to
behave.
Leaders would visit the shrine of Apollo
at Delphi, an ancient city in central Greece,
for
advice.
The
oracles had a great impact on Greek history.Slide17
Reading Check
How
did the Greeks honor their gods?
The Greeks honored their gods by
worshiping
them.
Each
city-state worshiped one of the twelve gods.
The
Greeks also wished to give thanks to the gods and received blessings.
They
also tried to avoid angering the gods.Slide18
The Search for Knowledge
Many Greek people thought gods were responsible for natural events, but some disagreed.Slide19
Greek Science And Philosophy
One
of the first philosophers was Thales
.
He
believed water was the basic material of the world
.
Democritus
thought that everything was made of tiny particles, called atoms
.
More
than 2,000 years later, science showed that they were correct.Slide20
SocratesDuring the Golden Ages and later, several important philosophers taught in Athens.
One
man was named Socrates.
He
was at the market place for hours
.
Socrates wanted people to believe in the true
meaning
of qualities such as justice and courage. Slide21
Many times people would get mad because he told or showed them that they didn't know what they were talking about.In 399 B.C. Socrates was brought to trial
.
He
was accused of dishonoring the gods and that he mislead young people.
He
was sentenced to death, so he drank hemlock and died.Slide22
Plato and Aristotle
What
is known about Socrates
came
from
his student, Plato.
Plato believed that there should be three groups: workers, soldiers , and philosopher-rulers.Slide23
Plato founded an Academy in Athens, called the Academy, where he taught a student named Aristotle. Aristotle
believed the pursuit of knowledge should be guided by reason.
Aristotle
founded a school of his own called
the Lyceum
.Slide24
Reading Check
How
did Socrates challenge the values of the people of Athens?
"Socrates wanted people to consider the true meaning of qualities such as justice and courage.
To
do this, he asked questions that made others think about their beliefs."
By
doing this he challenged the Athenian's values.Slide25
Visual and Dramatic Arts
The
ancient Greeks devoted great attention to their
arts, using
visual arts such as sculpture and architecture to honor their Gods.
They
are also known as the first civilization to have
playwrights, people
who wrote plays. Slide26
The
Parthenon
T
he
Athenian leader Pericles is known for
beautifying
Athens.
Pericles rebuilt the Acropolis.
The
builders of the new Acropolis brought Greek architecture to its highest point.
The
temple to the goddess Athena, was called the Parthenon.
The
great statue of Athena disappeared a long time ago.Slide27
Dramas
Athenians
were the first people known to write dramas
.
Among the city's great achievements were plays written and produced in the 400s B.C. during the Golden Age
.
Often tragedies told of fictional humans who were destroyed when forced to make impossible choices.Slide28
ComediesDuring the 400’s
B.C. in Athens, there were poets that wrote comedies about
politicians, citizens
, and
customs
of the day. Slide29
Reading Check
What was the role of the chorus in Greek drama?
The
role of the Greek drama chorus was they sang or chanted poems.
The
author would have them give background information, comment on the event, and praise the gods Slide30
Many City-States, One PeopleCitizens of Greek city-states like
Athens, valued
their freedoms and had strong patriotic feelings that made them take a very active role in their government.
This
allowed
them
to develop
new ideas in philosophy, religion, government and the
arts.Slide31
Athens was the most important city-state, but there were others and their citizens spoke the same language and had
mostly the same customs even though they competed against each other.
They
called themselves Hellenes. Slide32
The Olympic Games were held every four years throughout Ancient Greece.
It
had many events like running, horse racing,
boxing,
and many more. Slide33
Reading CheckWhat role did education and growing wealth play in the development of philosophy and the arts in ancient Greece?
Education and wealth gave ancient Greeks freedom to explore new ideas.