Lesson 6.1: Tighter British Control - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Lesson

6.1:

Tighter British ControlSlide2

Essential

Question

Which measures did Britain put into place to control the Colonies, and how did they respond to these measures?Slide3

Vocabulary

King George III

– The British monarch who wanted to enforce the Proclamation and keep peace with British Native American allies.

The Quartering Act

– A cost saving measure imposed by Great Britain requiring the colonists to house British soldiers.

Revenue

– income a government collects to cover expenses.

The sugar Act

– A law passed by Parliament placing a tax on sugar, molasses, and other products shipped to the colonies.Slide4

Vocabulary

The Stamp Act

– A law passed by Parliament requiring that all legal documents carry an official stamp showing that a tax had been paid.

Patrick Henry

– A colonist who was a member of Virginia’s House of Burgesses who called for public resistance to Britain’s Stamp Act.

Boycott

– A refusal to buy certain goods

Sons of Liberty

– A group of colonists who formed a secret society to oppose British policies at the time of the American RevolutionSlide5

Focus Questions

By 1763, why did the British need revenue from the colonies?

What did the Proclamation of 1763 decree? (answer in chart)How did the colonists react to the Proclamation of 1763? (answer in chart)

What did the Quartering Act impose upon the colonists? (answer in chart)

How did the colonists react to the Quartering Act? (answer in chart)

What did the Sugar Act impose upon the colonists? (answer in chart)Slide6

Focus Questions

How did the colonists react to the Sugar Act? (answer in chart)

What did the Stamp Act impose upon the colonists? (answer in chart)

How did the colonists react to the Stamp Act? (answer in chart)

What did the Declaratory Act decree? (answer in chart)

How did the colonists react to the Declaratory Act? (answer in chart)Slide7

Britain's Problem

Britain's

Solution

Colonists

’

Reaction

Preventing Indian uprisingsSlide8

More than 200 years before Columbus discovered America, British subjects under the Magna Carta of 1215 could not be taxed without the consent of their elected representatives in Parliament.

What We Already KnowSlide9

What We Already Know

Prior to the French and Indian War,

self-government

in the American colonies was taking root. The colonies were

pretty

much left alone through a practice that became known as salutary neglect. Slide10

By the late 1600s, French explorers had claimed the Ohio River valley, the Mississippi River valley, and the entire Great Lakes region.

What We Already KnowSlide11

What We Already Know

Between 1754 and 1763, Britain fought France in the French and Indian

War. Under

the Treaty of

Paris, Britain ,

gained control of all the land in North America east of the MississippiSlide12

After the French and Indian war settlers began moving across the mountains

onto Native

American land.

Indians began

attacking the

settlers and

British soldiers

were called in

to defend the colonists.

What We Already KnowSlide13

The Colonies and Britain Grow Apart

There was a growing opinion

in Parliament that the cost of the French and Indian War and defending the frontier should be paid

for by

the

colonists

.Slide14

Parliament

began to

reassert its authority over the colonies with the Proclamation Line Act of

1763, which

banned

any new settlements west of the Appalachians.

The Proclamation of 1763Slide15

By their participation in the French and Indian War the colonists felt they had earned the right to expand westward. The

act caused tensions to grow between Parliament and the American colonists

.

The Proclamation of 1763Slide16

Tension continued to build when

many colonists decided to ignore the law and settled the area anyway

.

This angered the British government because the colonists were putting themselves at risk, and still refused to pay for their own defense.

The Proclamation of 1763Slide17

Britain's Problem

Britain's

Solution

Colonists

’

Reaction

Preventing Indian uprisings

Proclamation of 1763 – banned settlement west of the Appalachians

Anger; many simply ignored the law and moved west anywaySlide18

British Troops and Taxes

In order to enforce the Proclamation Line Act of 1763 and to maintain the peace,

King George III

decided to keep 10,000 soldiers in the colonies, which would be very expensive. Slide19

Britain's Problem

Britain's

Solution

Colonists

’

Reaction

Preventing Indian uprisings

Proclamation of 1763 – banned settlement west of the Appalachians

Anger; many simply ignored the law and moved west anyway

Providing for soldiers who keep the peace in the coloniesSlide20

In 1765, Parliament passed the

Quartering Act

,

which required colonists to give food and housing to British troops

.

Colonists could

take

them into their homes

or pay

for the construction of barracks for the

soldiers

.

The colonists were very angry and complained to each other.

British Troops and TaxesSlide21

Britain's Problem

Britain's

Solution

Colonists

’

Reaction

Preventing Indian uprisings

Proclamation of 1763 – banned settlement west of the Appalachians

Anger; many simply ignored the law and moved west anyway

Providing for soldiers who keep the peace in the colonies

Quartering Act – colonists must house & feed British soldiers

Anger and resentment; complained to each otherSlide22

Britain's Problem

Britain's

Solution

Colonists

’

Reaction

Preventing Indian uprisings

Proclamation of 1763 – banned settlement west of the Appalachians

Anger; many simply ignored the law and moved west anyway

Providing for soldiers who keep the peace in the colonies

Quartering Act – colonists must house & feed British soldiers

Anger and resentment; complained to each other

Paying for war debtsSlide23

To help raise revenue In 1764, Parliament passed the

Sugar Act

,

which levied a tax on sugar, molasses, and certain other imports

. This was the first tax passed by the

Parliament

without asking for the approval of colonial governments.

British Troops and TaxesSlide24

British Troops and Taxes

Colonial merchants, who often traded in smuggled goods,

reacted with anger

.

The Sugar Act also called for strict enforcement

of the act and

harsh punishment of smugglers

.

Smuggling continued

, and even

increased

in some

areas.Slide25

Colonists were quick to complain to Parliament

about the unfairness of the

tax.

Colonists’ Reaction to the Sugar ActSlide26

Britain's Problem

Britain's

Solution

Colonists

’

Reaction

Preventing Indian uprisings

Proclamation of 1763 – banned settlement west of the Appalachians

Anger; many simply ignored the law and moved west anyway

Providing for soldiers who keep the peace in the colonies

Quartering Act – colonists must house & feed British soldiers

Anger and resentment; complained to each other

Paying for war debts

Sugar Act – tax on sugar, molasses, harsh punishment for smuggling

Smuggling increased; complained to ParliamentSlide27

Colonial leader James Otis Jr. claimed that Parliament had no right to tax the colonies, since the colonists were not represented in Parliament

. He summed up his argument by declaring, “

Taxation without representation is tyranny!”

Colonists’ Reaction to the Sugar ActSlide28

Colonists’ Reaction to the Sugar Act

British finance minister George Grenville disagreed, saying that the colonists were subjects of Britain, and enjoyed the protection of its

laws and were therefore subject to taxation.Slide29

In order to raise additional revenue, Parliament enacted

The Stamp Act

in 1765. It

required colonists to buy and place stamps on many

legal documents

such as

diplomas, contracts, and

newspapers

proving a tax had been paid.

The Stamp Act of 1765Slide30

The Stamp Act of 1765

While the Sugar Act had mainly affected merchants

and

importers,

the

Stamp Act affected

all colonists

directly.Slide31

Protests Against the Stamp Act

The people took to the streets in protest. “No

taxation without representation”

was the colonial battle cry

. The

colonists insisted that only the colonial assemblies, and not Parliament, could tax the colonies

.Slide32

Protests Against the Stamp Act

Delegates from nine colonies met

in New York City (

the Stamp Act Congress

) and drew up a

petition of protest to the king

.

This was the first time the colonies united together in protest.Slide33

Colonial Merchants Protested

Colonial merchants

protested against the Stamp Act by conducting a

boycott

of British goods

by refusing to buy or sell any British merchandise. Slide34

Colonial Merchants Protested

Secret

groups, such as the

Sons of

Liberty

, formed and

began to organize protests against British policies

. Not

all their protests were peaceful. At times they would humiliate customs officials and parade them through the streets. Slide35

Britain's Problem

Britain's

Solution

Colonists

’

Reaction

Preventing Indian uprisings

Proclamation of 1763 – banned settlement west of the Appalachians

Anger; many simply ignored the law and moved west anyway

Providing for soldiers who keep the peace in the colonies

Quartering Act (1765) colonists must house & feed British soldiers

Anger and resentment; complained to each other

Paying for war debts

Sugar Act (1764) tax on sugar, molasses & other imports

Smuggling increased; complained to Parliament

Law official stamp had to be on legal documents proving a tax was paid

Stamp Act (1765)

Boycotts and protests; Stamp Act Congress assembled Petition to the KingSlide36

Merchants in Britain, whose trade had been hurt by the boycotts, began to complain to Parliament.

Repeal of the Stamp Act

Under pressure from

both home

and the colonies, Parliament repealed the Stamp Act in 1766.Slide37

At the same time,

Parliament repealed the Stamp Act, they passed the Declaratory

Act which stated that “Parliament has the supreme right to govern and tax the colonies!”

The Declaratory ActSlide38

Britain's Problem

Britain's

Solution

Colonists

’

Reaction

Preventing Indian uprisings

Proclamation of 1763 – banned settlement west of the Appalachians

Anger; many simply ignored the law and moved west anyway

Providing for soldiers who keep the peace in the colonies

Quartering Act (1765) colonists must house & feed British soldiers

Anger and resentment; complained to each other

Paying for war debts

Sugar Act (1764) tax on sugar, molasses & other imports

Smuggling increased; complained to Parliament

Maintain control over the colonies

Declaratory Act (1766)

Parliament has supreme right to govern and tax the colonies

Stamp Act (1765)

Boycotts and protests; Stamp Act Congress assembledSlide39

Reaction to the

Declaratory Act

Colonists celebrated the repeal of the Stamp Act. For

the

most part

they

ignored

the

Declaratory Act

.

A

ll the while tension continued to grow.Slide40

Britain's Problem

Britain's

Solution

Colonists

’

Reaction

Preventing Indian uprisings

Proclamation of 1763 – banned settlement west of the Appalachians

Anger; many simply ignored the law and moved west anyway

Providing for soldiers who keep the peace in the colonies

Quartering Act (1765) colonists must house & feed British soldiers

Anger and resentment; complained to each other

Paying for war debts

Sugar Act (1764) tax on sugar, molasses & other imports

Smuggling increased; complained to Parliament

Maintain control over the colonies

Declaratory Act (1766)

Parliament has supreme right to govern and tax the colonies

Stamp Act (1765)

Boycotts and protests; Stamp Act Congress assembled

Celebrated the repeal of the Stamp Act, ignoring the Declaratory Act