Pluperfect Past Participle All perfect tenses are made up of two parts the helping verb and the past participle of the main verb helping verb past participle ID: 141419
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Slide1
Present Perfect and Pluperfect Slide2
Past Participle All perfect tenses are made up of two parts: the helping verb and the past participle of the main verb: helping verb past participle helping verb
past participle
He
has
eaten
. We
have
seen
.
They
have
left
. You
have
finished
.
I
have
studied
. She
has
fallen
.Slide3
This is how you form the past participle in Spanish:Drop the –ar and add –ado:
habl
ar
habl
ado
nad
ar
nad
ado
pens
ar
pens
ado
almorz
ar
almorz
ado
lleg
ar
lleg
ado
est
ar
est
ado
Drop the –
er
or –
ir
and add –
ido
:
com
er
com
ido
pod
er
pod
ido
le
er
le
ído
quer
er
quer
ido
asist
ir
asist
ido
ven
ir
ven
idoSlide4
Click here to go to a brief practice exercise.Slide5
There are, of course, irregular past participles in Spanish as there are in English. call have called jump have jumped
look have look
ed
eat have
eat
ed
???? have
eaten
bring have
bring
ed
???? have
broughtSlide6
You have to memorize the irregular past participles in Spanish just as you do in English. volver vuelto (NOT volvido) poner puesto (NOT ponido) abrir abierto etc.
cubrir cubierto
escribir escrito
ver visto
morir muerto
decir dicho
hacer hecho
romper rotoSlide7
Helping Verb Now you need a helping verb to go with your past participles. What we use is the present tense of the verb “haber.” he
hablado
hemos
hablado
has
hablado
habéis
hablado
ha
hablado
han
hablado
Use these verb forms with all your past participles:
he
comido,
has
querido,
ha
vuelto,
hemos
trabajado, etc.Slide8
Click here to go to a brief practice exercise.Slide9
Pluperfect(Past Perfect)(Pluscuamperfecto) The past perfect (also called the pluperfect and, in Spanish, the pluscuamperfecto), remember, is the past of the past and translates with “had” in English. ALL perfect tenses get a helping verb and a past participle:
present perfect he
has
eaten
past perfect he
had
eaten
future perfect he
will have
eaten
conditional perfect he
would have
eatenSlide10
As you saw, the present perfect tense has a set of helping verbs that come from “haber”: he hemos has habéis ha han
The same is true of the past perfect. The helping verbs for the past perfect are the imperfect form of “haber”:
había
hablado
habíamos
hablado
habías
hablado
habíais
hablado
había
hablado
habían
hablado
Slide11
Note that the endings on “haber” for the past perfect are the endings for the imperfect tense: había habíamos hab
ías
hab
íais
hab
ía
hab
ían
The
present perfect
is the PRESENT tense of “haber” + the past participle.
The
past perfect
tense is the IMPERFECT (PAST) tense of “haber” + the past participle.
Guess what the
future perfect
tense is composed of. But that’s another lesson.Slide12
Click here to go to a brief practice exercise.