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Sociolinguistics Identity and Language Sociolinguistics Identity and Language

Sociolinguistics Identity and Language - PowerPoint Presentation

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Uploaded On 2018-10-26

Sociolinguistics Identity and Language - PPT Presentation

Sociolinguistic terms Speech Community R egisters Style Shift Code Switch RolePlaying Activity You lost your cell phone Tell Your close friend Your mom she pays for it RolePlaying Activity ID: 697745

american english dialects language english american language dialects african accent activity social chicano class dialect school speech spanish speak varieties regional key

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Slide1

Sociolinguistics

Identity and LanguageSlide2

Sociolinguistic terms

Speech

Community

R

egisters

Style

Shift

Code SwitchSlide3

Role-Playing Activity

You lost your cell phone. Tell

Your close friend

Your mom (she pays for it)Slide4

Role-Playing Activity

Describe what happened at lunch last week to

Your friend

Mr. ReaganSlide5

Role-Playing Activity

Talk about an activity you’re involved in (sports, music, etc.) with

Someone who is also involved in that activity

Someone who doesn’t know very much about that activitySlide6

Activity

What would you guess about identities of the speakers of the following words/phrases/sentences?

Budder

[

bʌdɚ

],

bu’er

(with glottal stop)

Fishing,

fishin

Farm,

fahm

Ate, et

Aluminum,

aluminium

He hurt

hisself

.

He done it.

To whom did you give it?

They don’t learn you

nothin

’ there.Slide7

Attitudes about accents

Our attitudes about dialects are reflections of how we feel about the people who speak them.Slide8

Standard English

What is

standard English

?

Standard

American English (SAE)

:

The mainstream dialect of English spoken in the US, usually used by government, schools, journalism, and television. Sometimes called Mainstream American English (MAE)

General American Accent (

GenAm

):

The accent usually spoken by most newscasters. Closest to a Midwestern accent. Often thought of as the most “correct” or “neutral” American accent. Slide9

Prescriptivism vs. Descriptivism

Prescriptivists

Descriptivists

Listen

to the

perspectives

of a prescriptivist and descriptivist. Take notes on the kinds of things prescriptivists and descriptivists do and believe.Slide10

Major dialects of the USSlide11

Very detailed map of North American regional dialectsSlide12

Why are there regional dialects?

Patterns of

settlement

The

Scotch-Irish example

Subsequent

migration

The

Southern example

Isolation

Old

Village / New Village ParadoxSlide13

Other key ideas about dialects

There is no region of the US that doesn’t have a dialect.

The dialects most broadcasters use is a region-less dialect.

In the US, there are greater differences in dialects from North to South than East to West.

There can be many dialects within dialects. For example, the Northern dialect encompasses dialects in NYC, Milwaukee, and Minnesota. Slide14

Key terms

Accent

A

frican-American

Vernacular English (AAVE)

:

BidialectismSlide15

Key Terms

CajunSlide16

Key Terms

Chicano

English

Jargon

Prestige language

Slang

R-

lessness

New England speech variety

Southern speech varietySlide17

Regional Varieties vs. Social Varieties

Regional Varieties

of English vary by geographical region

Social Varieties

of English vary by class, race,

age

, and gender. For example, an African American in the South might speak a different language variety than a white person in the South. A person of a lower socioeconomic status in Boston might speak differently from a wealthy person in Boston.Slide18

The Northern Cities Vowel Shift

Spreads among

urban centers

of the Great Lakes regionSlide19

The Northern Cities Vowel ShiftSlide20

African American English: Important Ideas

Grammatical system is complex

Not substandard or lazy

Stigmatized in American culture

Not all African Americans speak AAE, and not all speakers are African American

Important social functions

Signals solidarity

DYSA clip: Linguistic profiling, AAE origins,

hip-hopSlide21

African American English

How did African American English develop? Two theories:

Pidgin language

 creole language

Combination of many nonstandard English varieties

Might be a combination of both. (

Clip

)Slide22

African American English

Change over time:

The

Great Migration

:

1890-197

Less regional variationSlide23

Features of AAE

Copula absence: “They hungry”

Habitual

be”

-s deletion

Double negatives

/

th

/

 t, d, f

-g droppingSlide24

The Ann Arbor Decision

Martin Luther King

Jr

Elementary School Children vs. Ann Arbor School District

1977: teachers must accommodate non-SAE-speaking students.

African American children placed in special education classes

Deprived of mainstream curriculum

DYSA clip: African-American English in the classroomSlide25

Spanish and Chicano English

Spanish has been spoken in the US before any English-speaking settlers lived here.

How do you count Spanish speakers?

Unlikely to overtake English

What is a Chicano?Slide26

Spanish and Chicano English

Chicano English

A fully-formed dialect of English (comparable to AAVE

)

Speakers may not speak Spanish

Has pronunciation

patterns similar to AAE

Has pronunciation

patterns unique to Chicano

English

“Spanglish”

Chicano English and Spanglish are differentSlide27

Should the US have an official language?

Some countries have an official language (Germany, France)

Some countries have several official languages (Canada, India)

Many countries have no official language (US, Australia)

The Nationality Act of

1940

The “English only” movement

Opposed by the Linguistic Society of America and many other groupsSlide28

Genderlects

Gender, occupation, and social class influence language, too!

Genderlect

: A dialect of speaking dependent on genderSlide29

Genderlects

Robin Lakoff—1973:

Hedging

I suppose, I would imagine, This is probably wrong

Tag questions

He’s not a very nice person, is he?

Politeness

Please, thank you

Intensifying adjectives

It’s a really good movie, It’s so nice of

you

Why do women hedge their speech?Slide30

Genderlects

Men and women in conversation

Popular opinion vs. scientific findings

“Proper” speech

Higher pitch

Differences start early

Why do differences exist?Slide31

Genderlects

Upspeak /

Uptalk

(the “high rising terminal”)

The Vocal Fry controversy

Lake Bell on the

“Sexy Baby Vocal Virus”

Here’s more

Actually, men do it, too.

But should we be policing women’s language?

Linguistic disruptorsSlide32

Language and Social Class

Factors in determining social class

William

Labov’s

department store experiment

Middle class as linguistic disruptor

Language and group inclusionSlide33

Language and Social Class

Penelope Eckert studied three groups in a high school in a Detroit suburb (self-identified group labels):

GROUP

LANGUAGE

“Jocks”:

Involved in school activities, planned to attend college

Had strongest local suburban accent

“Burnouts”: Not involved

in school activities, planned to enter workforce after high school

Had strongest

local urban accent

“In-betweens”: Did

not see themselves as either extreme

Accent

had features of both urban and suburban accents