PPT-The Evolution of Helpful Behavior and Altruism

Mutualism Team of male lions 23 members Hunt together Share access to females pretty equally Going alone would not be as successful costbenefit Lazuli buntings Dominant bright colored males tolerate dull subordinate males in neighboring territories. NJIT. Bhavani Balasubramanian. Maria Stanko. Ellen Wisner. Brandeis University. Melissa Kosinski-Collins. Jim Morris. Dan Perlman. © Dan Perlman Ecolibrary.org. Context:. Midway through a course in . Ryuya. & Samata. Altruism. behavior . by an animal that is not beneficial . or . may be harmful to itself but that benefits others of its . species. e. xamples: birds, bats, bees. Evolution. the . Beyond Ethics. Outline. Problems with Self-Interest. Economic Altruism. Altruism and Charity. Altruism, Charity, and Ethics. Problems with. Self-interest. Problems with . Self-interest. Nash Equilibrium. In questi quaderni vengono pubblicati i lavori dei docenti della Facolt PII S1090-5138(98)00006-3 Evolution and Sex Differences in Preferences for Short-Term Mates: Michael W. Wiederman Department of Psychological Science, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana Stephanie Genetic and Evolutionary Foundations of Behavior. Why Genetics?. Behavior is hereditary!. Our environment has shaped our behavior across generations . . EVOLUTION. We can learn much about our behavior by studying our animal relatives. Helpfulness in the Urban environment. Negative relationship between helpfulness and urban . cities. complex of traits which reflects the urbanite’s adaptation to a situation in which social relationships are often transitory, role-defined and superficial.” . Altruism. Unselfish regard for the welfare of others.. Is there strength in numbers when handling an ambiguous emergencies?. Bystander Effect. (3:30). When in groups, individuals are less likely to go against the norm and help (or get involved). (Dunbar . Ch. 1). Psychologists studied Rats…. And made inferences about humans. Biologists studied non-humans…. And didn’t. The matter of evolution and common ancestry was ignored or avoided. Evaluate psychological research relevant to the study of human relationships.. Distinguish between altruism and pro-social behavior.. Contrast two theories explaining altruism in humans.. Explain cross-cultural differences in pro-social behavior with reference to research studies.. Kathryn Coe, PhD. Professor, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health. Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences. Organization of presentation. What is altruism?. Modern Darwinian Theory. Theories proposed to account for altruism. Meta-analysis of studies of prosocial portrayals. Marie-Louise Mares (1996). Sponsored by Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania. “It is commonly held that television viewing does more harm than good, especially to young audiences.”. From the age of Darwin to the present day, biologists have been grappling with the origins of our moral sense. Why, if the human instinct to survive and reproduce is “selfish,” do people engage in self-sacrifice, and even develop ideas like virtue and shame to justify that altruism? Many theories have been put forth, some emphasizing the role of nepotism, others emphasizing the advantages of reciprocation or group selection effects. But evolutionary anthropologist Christopher Boehm finds existing explanations lacking, and in Moral Origins, he offers an elegant new theory.Tracing the development of altruism and group social control over 6 million years, Boehm argues that our moral sense is a sophisticated defense mechanism that enables individuals to survive and thrive in groups. One of the biggest risks of group living is the possibility of being punished for our misdeeds by those around us. Bullies, thieves, free-riders, and especially psychopaths—those who make it difficult for others to go about their lives—are the most likely to suffer this fate. Getting by requires getting along, and this social type of selection, Boehm shows, singles out altruists for survival. This selection pressure has been unique in shaping human nature, and it bred the first stirrings of conscience in the human species. Ultimately, it led to the fully developed sense of virtue and shame that we know today.A groundbreaking exploration of the evolution of human generosity and cooperation, Moral Origins offers profound insight into humanity’s moral past—and how it might shape our moral future. behavior . counts as altruistic if it reduces the fitness of the organism performing the . behavior. , but boosts the fitness of others. . Altruism. Game theory with fitness rewards and punishments that then iterate over generations.