CULTURE TECHNOLOGY ie Transportation Values amp Norms Coast Miwok Tribe Coast Miwok Tribe Coast Miwok Tribe Transportation Values amp Norms Walking Contact with env Canoes Fishing ID: 511872
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Slide1
The History of TransportationSlide2
CULTURE
TECHNOLOGY
i.e. Transportation
Values & NormsSlide3
Coast Miwok TribeSlide4
Coast Miwok TribeSlide5
Coast Miwok TribeSlide6
Transportation
Values & Norms
Walking
Contact with env
.
Canoes
Fishing
Horses
Carry bigger-heavier loads
The arrival of the white man
???
CULTURESlide7
Engraving by Theodor de Bry in 1599
Welcome of Francis Drake by Coast Miwok in 1579
Slide8
Value: The freedom to explore and expandSlide9
Transportation
American Values:
Freedom to expand and
explore the
???
Landscape
Scientific realm
Self
Values & Norms
CULTURESlide10
Agrarian Period
Up to the mid – 1800s
95% of population (mostly farmers) live in rural areas.
Cities are small: 4-5 miles end to endPeople walk or ride horses
Cultural influences during this time:Industrial Revolution
New scientific inventionsExploring the “New World”Slide11
18
th
-19
th centuryInventions
Steam engine
Steam ship
Flush toilet
Submarine
Parachute
Hot air balloon
Bicycle
Ambulance
Soft drink
Battery
Tin can
Steam locomotive
Cement
Printing press
Matches
Paper
Refrigerator
Calculator
Revolver
Rubber
Stapler
Tires
Sewing machine
Safety pin
Dishwasher
Machine gun
Dynamite
Plastic
Camera
Vaccinations
Refrigerator
Fax
Hot dogs
Traffic lightsSlide12
Industrial Period
Late 1800s to mid 1900s
50% pop. Lives in the cityHorsesTrolley cars Response to Congestion: Elevating streetcars (Chicago)
and bellow street (NY)Trains In 20 years US railroad system grows from 2,818 mi. of track to more than 30,000 mi. Buses Intracity and continental lines Cars 1920: 3.5 million vehicles in US 1994: 195.5 million vehicles in US 469.5 million in the world
45,500 miles of interstate HWY authorized to be developed
Industrial revolution Massive migration to US
Movement to cities close to manufacturing jobs
Population growth
Cities size grow
Transportation needs changeSlide13
1850 California became a state with Marin as one of the original counties.
1880
’
s and 1890’s, steam-ships and ferries introduced.1896 a rail-line built to ascend Mt. Tam and extended to reach dairy farms in West Marin.
Industrial Period in Marin
A county emerges…Slide14
October 1908, Ford Motor Company introduced the Model T automobile.
In 19 years of production, nearly 15.5 million were sold in the United States alone.
May 1937, the Golden Gate Bridge opened to vehicular traffic
.
Industrial Period in MarinArrival of the motor age…Slide15
Transportation
American Values:
Freedom, expand and
explore :
Landscape
Scientific realm
Self
More train tracks
More & bigger roads
More & bigger vehicles
More people on the road
Longer trips
Values & Norms
CULTURESlide16
Service/Information Period
Mid 1900s to the present
Moving from the city to the suburbs.1980: Typical family had 1 car
2007: Typical family
has 2.5 cars
Europe 2007: 45% trips by walking, biking 10% Public TransportationUSA 2007:
87% trips by car
3% Public transportationSlide17
The Development of Highway 101 and the Formation of Golden Gate Transit
1941 – initial 2 mile stretch of 4 lane highway built
Today – 8 lane highway from Sausalito through Novato
Currently – Carpool lanes run along entire stretch with gap between Corte Madera and San Rafael 1969 – State Legislature mandated development of public transportation system from SF through Marin
Today – Golden Gate Bus and Ferry system runs 24 commute bus routes and 16 ferry feeder service routes plus ferry service from Larkspur and Sausalito to San Francisco
Service/Information Period in MarinSlide18
Transportation
More train tracks
More & bigger roads
More & bigger vehicles
More people on the road
Longer trips
Know new places
Better & faster communication
More independent
Traffic congestions, delays
Safety hazards
Stress and health problems
Sedentary culture
Values & Norms
CULTURESlide19
The Shadow Side of the Motor Age
Congestion
Delays, frustration, stress
Safety hazards
Obesity
and health problemsSlide20
Transportation
More train tracks
More & bigger roads
More & bigger vehicles
More people on the road
Longer trips
Get to distant places
Better & faster communication
More independent
Traffic congestions, delays
Safety hazards
Stress and health problems
Sedentary culture
Higher use of energy
Supply
Supply
Demand
Demand
Values & Norms
CULTURESlide21
Transportation
More train tracks
More & bigger roads
More & bigger vehicles
More people on the road
Longer trips
Higher use of energy
High use of fossil fuels
Pollution
Large emissions of Co2
(Global Climate Change)
Bigger & toxic landfills
Use of more land
Relationship with environment?
Values & Norms
CULTURESlide22
True Costs of Automobile Usage
Personal Costs
Social Costs
Governmental Costs
Environmental
CostsSlide23
Sounds of modern transportationSlide24
The Birth of a Model Public Transit System
Los Angeles Electric Rail System
Safe, clean, quiet, fast, frequent, on-time, and relatively cheap
1,000 miles of track80 million passengers served in a single yearSlide25
The Death of a Model Public Transit System
In 1939, a consortium of auto-related companies set up holding company in order to:
Buy up trolley lines
Dismantle tracks / Destroy trolleysReplace with diesel-burning busesSteer people away from public transit and into private carsSlide26
Bay Area Electric Rail Suffers Same Fate
1903 – Key Electric Rail System commences in East Bay
1924 – 800 Trains a day brought passengers to ferry boats
1939 – Trains run across Bay Bridge1903 to 1941 – Northwestern Pacific Electric Trains serve Marin County1905 to 1941 – trains ran 180 miles from Oakland to Chico, the longest electric inter-urban run in the countrySlide27
Robber Barons
Late 1800s it was the railroads that were considered the powerbrokers
Huge kickbacks and political influence
Government Land GrantsLabor intimidation and use of immigrant laborRise of Corporations
Economic collapse Slide28
Rise and Demise of Electric Cars
Late 1980
’
s California passes tough emission standards with mandate to produce some zero-emission cars.GM complies but leases rather than sells electric vehicles.When leases expire, GM refuses to renew them.GM sues California over emission standards and vehicle mandates.GM destroys all their electric vehicles.Slide29
Europeans make 40 – 50% of all trips by walking or biking
US Americans make 87% of all trips by private car
Percentage of commuters biking to work:
Japan 15%
Netherlands 50%
China 77%
USA
1.6%
Some International ComparisonsSlide30
Good Models
Bike Parking
Yellow (loaner) bike programs
Bicycle friendly streets for all sorts of bikingSlide31
Car Free ZonesSlide32
Multi-ModalSlide33
Measure A
November 2004, Marin residents approved Measure A, a landmark sales tax measure dedicating funds for local transportation projects.
Measure A provides for:
Expanded bus service
Highway 101 HOV (carpool) lane completionRoadway improvements (for cars, bikes and pedestrians)Safer routes to schoolsSlide34
Marin in the 21
st
century
May 2001 – County Bicycle Pedestrian Master Plan adoptedTen cities have adopted Bicycle Plans or Bicycle/Pedestrian plans$40 Million in grants have come to Marin since adoption of these plansSlide35
Marin Granted $25 Million As Model Bike and Pedestrian Community
2005 – Marin was selected as one of 4 US communities to serve as a model Non-Motorized Transportation Program to demonstrate that investment in safe, integrated and complete bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure will result in reducing congestion and pollution, improving mobility and the environment and enhancing the health and livability of communities.Slide36
Marin County
’
s Bicycle and Pedestrian Master Plan
System of flat North-South and East-West separated bike paths Details for safer routes to schoolsAdequate bicycle parkingEducational programs
Swift street connections in and between Marin’s 11 townsSlide37
The Art of Biking in MarinSlide38
New values
&
norms?
New modes
Of
Transportation?