Hari Srinivas Room I312 0795657406 Global Environmental Policy Defining TEP Trans boundary Environmental Problems across beyond national borders TEPs broadly refer to cases in which pollution created in one country moves across national boundaries ID: 304038
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Trans-Boundary Environmental Problems" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Trans-Boundary Environmental ProblemsHari SrinivasRoom: I-312 / 079-565-7406
Global Environmental PolicySlide2
Defining TEP
In the last class, we took a tour through the –
Definition of sustainable development
An exploration of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals
Why do we need sustainable development? Why did countries develop a global response in the form of the 17 SDGs?
Because we have
“ TEPs ”Slide3
Defining TEP
Trans boundary
Environmental
Problems
across, beyond
national borders
TEPs broadly refer to cases in which pollution created in one country “moves” across national boundaries
.
Such TEPs have negative implications for
living standards in one or more countries in the region or the world in general.Slide4
What are TEPs?Some environmental problems span a country’s borders and are felt regionally and globally, e.g. ozone layer depletion, loss of biodiversity, and climate change.
Population growth, industrialization and globalization
are adding these global or trans-boundary environmental problems and their impacts on countriesSlide5
What are TEPs?Examples of transboundary environmental challenges:
Air and water pollution
Shared natural resources (river systems, forests coasts etc.)
Large ecosystemsToxic Waste management
Movement of refugeesSpread of disease/pestsSlide6
Environmental Problems/ImpactsSlide7
Transboundary Environments
Major migratory bird routes of the world
Migratory birds and other migratory animals are a significant component of
transboundary
environmental resources
The map illustrates global migratory bird routes and shows that Africa has the highest concentration of such routesSlide8
A global map of nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
Image shows the locations of high levels of nitrogen dioxide worldwide
High concentrations of NO2 tend to be associated with large urban or industrial Areas
Lower, but widespread, concentrations of the gas—produced by biomassSlide9
Transboundary ecosystems
Kenya
Uganda
Tanzania
Wildebeest
crossing shared rivers and ecosystems of the three countries
Three shared national parks between Kenya, Uganda and TanzaniaSlide10
Nile Basin InitiativeThe Nile river and its tributaries run through a total of 10 countries (Burundi, Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda) before it flows into the Mediterranean seaSlide11
Nile Basin InitiativeThe “Nile Basin Initiative” is a transboundary programme
that covers the entire river system
The Initiative provides an
institutional mechanism, a shared vision, and a set of agreed policy guidelines to provide a basin-wide framework for cooperative action.Some of the projects carried out:Institutional Strengthening
Community-Level Land, Forests, and Water Conservation:Wetlands and BiodiversityWater Quality MonitoringEnvironment Education and AwarenessSlide12
Forest Fires/Haze in South East AsiaSlide13
Regional Haze Action PlanFrom July to October 1997, ASEAN countries in particular Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore, were badly affected by smoke haze caused by land and forest firesASEAN Environment Ministers have agreed on a “Regional Haze Action Plan”, which sets out co- operative measures needed amongst ASEAN member countries to address the problem of smoke haze in the region arising from land and forest fires. Slide14
Regional Haze Action PlanThe primary objectives of the Plan are : to prevent land and forest fires through better management policies and enforcement; to establish operational mechanisms to monitor land and forest fires
to strengthen regional land and forest fire-fighting capability and other mitigating measuresSlide15
Monitoring Impacts of TEPsA key tool for TEPs is Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) – used at the regional levelIt covers issues of (a) notification, (b) prior consultation and (c) agreement
The information that an
Transboundary
EIA generates is used for conflict resolution and sustainable developmentExamples: EU Law
United States, Canada, and MexicoASEAN membersSlide16
Understanding TEPsThere are two key issues to be considered in understanding TEP: The duty to cooperate in international law - sovereignty vs. trans-boundary environmental problems
Beyond the duty to cooperate – international environmental law obligations
1
2Slide17
TEPs and MEAsTransboundary environmental problems can be solved only by multilateral environmental agreements
Most UN Agencies work on
transboundary
issues using MEAs
Transboundary Environmental Issues
Multilateral Environmental Agreements
PROBLEM
SOLUTIONSlide18
UN and Environmental Policy
United Nations Environment
Programme
(UNEP)
Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD)Inter-Agency Committee on Sustainable Development (IACSD)
Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs)
UNDP, FAO, WMO, IMO, UNU etc. Slide19
What are MEAs?
International legal instruments that:
have a goal of environmental protection
are concluded between a large number of states or international organizations as parties
are concluded in written form
are governed by international law
can be embodied in a single instrument or in two or more related instruments (framework agreements)Slide20
Next class …We will explore the topic of Multilateral Environmental Agreements in more detailClass website:
http://www.gdrc.info/gep