BFlatTrumpet Figure1 2TheInstrumentsBothinstrumentsaremadeofmetaltubingusuallybrassbutsometimesasilveralloywithadetachablemouthpiece8atoneendandaaringbellattheotherendThreevalves9areusedtoopenext ID: 331674
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OpenStax-CNXmodule:m126061TrumpetsandCornets*CatherineSchmidt-JonesThisworkisproducedbyOpenStax-CNXandlicensedundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense3.0„AbstractTrumpetandcornetareclosely-relatedhigh-pitchedbrassaerophonescommonlyfoundinbandsandorchestras.1IntroductionThetrumpetisthesmallest,highest-soundinginstrumentinthebrasssectionoftheWesternorchestra.Itisacylindricalaerophonewithadirect,brassytimbre.Thecornetisverysimilartothetrumpet,buthasamoreconicalbore,givingitaslightlygentler,mellowersound.Bothtrumpetsandcornetsarecommoninbandsandwindensemblesofallkinds(jazz,classical,pop,military,instructional,etc.).Insomegroups,theyaretreatedasinterchangeableinstruments;inothergroups,trumpetsandcornetshavedistinctandseparateparts. BFlatTrumpet Figure1 *Version1.4:Jul5,201111:33am-0500„http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/http://cnx.org/content/m12606/1.4/ OpenStax-CNXmodule:m1260622TheInstrumentsBothinstrumentsaremadeofmetaltubing(usuallybrass,butsometimesasilveralloy)withadetachablemouthpieceatoneendanda aringbellattheotherend.Threevalvesareusedtoopenextrasectionsoftubing,makingtheinstrumentslightlylonger,andallowingittogetadierentsetofnotes.(SeeHarmonicSeriesformoreinformationonhowthisworks.)Thetrumpethasanarrower,morecylindricalbore;thecornethasmoregradually ared,conicalbore.Also,thewayatrumpetiswrapped(thatis,thewaythetubingisbentandarranged)usuallygivesitalonger,thinnerpro lethanacornet.Eitheronemaybeanon-transposingCinstrument,ormaybeaslightlylongerB attransposinginstrument.ThereisalsoasmallerDtrumpetforplayinghighparts,andanevensmallerB atpiccolotrumpet,pitchedanoctaveabovetheregularB attrumpet.Theseareconsideredspecialtyinstruments,however,andarenotnearlyascommonastheB atandCinstruments.Anotherslightlyunusualinstrument,the ugelhorn,hasanevenwider,moreconicalborethanthecornet,andanevengentler,mellowersound.Itismostlyheardinjazz. WrittenRangeoftheTrumpet Figure2:AtrumpetorcornetinCwillsoundaswritten.AtrumpetorcornetinB atwillsoundonestep(wholetone)lowerthanwritten. 3HistoryTrumpet-likeinstrumentshavebeenaroundforatleast4000years.Earlytrumpets,likethemodernbugle,hadnovalves.Thus,asingletrumpetcouldonlygetthenotesofasingleharmonicseries.Thehigheryougoinaharmonicseries,theclosertogetherthenotesget.Thismakesitpossibletoplaymanymoretypesofmelodies(ratherthanjust"buglecall"-typemelodies),butalsomakesplayingtrickier.Sincethenotesareclosertogether,it'smucheasiertohitthewrongnote!Sotrumpetplayersspecialized:principalplayersplayedinthelowerregister,andclarinoplayersplayedinthehighregister.Inthe fteenthcentury,thereweretrumpet-player'sguilds,whichregisteredclarinoandprincipaltrumpetplayersandwhich,likeotherguildsofthetime,ensuredthatonlytheirmemberswouldbeallowedtodocertaintypesofwork(inthiscase,playingatfeasts,processions,andothero cialmusicalevents).AslateastheBaroqueperiod,composerssuchasBachwerestillspecifyingsomepartsforclarinotrumpet.ButaftertheBaroque,theclarinotraditionvanishedsocompletely,thatmodernscholarshavebeenunabletodiscoverexactlywhattypeofinstrumentBaroqueclarinopartswereplayedon.Usefulvalvedtrumpetsbegantobeproducedintheearly19thcentury.Theintroductionofthevalvefreedtheinstrumenttoplayanytypeofmelodyinanykeyinanypartofitsrange.Earliertrumpetscameinmanydierentkeys,sothatplayersinthelowerregistercouldchooseaninstrumentthatsuitedthekeyofaparticularpieceofmusic.Withtheintroductionofvalvedtrumpets,whichcanplaytheentirechromatichttp://cnx.org/content/m12606/1.4/ OpenStax-CNXmodule:m126063scaleeasily,theCandB atinstrumentsbecamethemostpopular,withtrumpetsinotherkeysbecomingincreasinglyrare.Thecornetdevelopedfromtheposthorn,asmall,valvelessinstrumentwhichwasusedbypostalcarrierstoannouncethearrivalintownofthemail.The ugelhornevolvedfromaGermanbugleusedbyeachwingofbeatersduringahunt.(FlugelisGermanfor"wing".)4RepertoireTrumpetisfeaturedinmanyorchestralworks.Someeasy-to- ndexamplesareRossini'sWilliamTellOver-ture,Bach'sBrandenburgConcerto#2,the"Rondeau"fromMouret'sFirstSymphonicSuite(the"Master-pieceTheater"theme),andRavel'sorchestrationofMoussorgsky'sPicturesatanExhibition.The"110cornets"mentionedinthewell-known"76Trombones"songfromTheMusicManunderscorestheimportantplacethatthetrumpetandparticularlythecornethavealwaysheldinbandmusicandmarches.Listenforthetrumpetinmarchmelodies,inbandmusicsuchasAnderson'sBugler'sHoliday,inconcertwindensemblemusic,andinfanfaressuchasArnaud'sBugler'sDream(bestknownasthe"OlympicTheme"fanfare)andCopland'sFanfarefortheCommonMan.Thetrumpet'slongassociationwithmarches,fanfares,andmilitarymusicisalsousedinclassicalmusic.Forexample,the"Fest"marchfromWagner'sTannhauserandthe"TriumphalMarch"fromAida,themarchfromTchaikovsky'sTheNutcracker,and"TheTrumpetShallSound"fromHandel'sMessiah.Ifjazzorpoptrumpetandcornetsoundmoreinterestingtoyou,lookforrecordingsofLouisArmstrong,DizzieGillespie,WyntonMarsalis,orMilesDavis(whopopularizedtheuseofthe ugelhorninjazz),tonamejustafew.TheHerbAlpertbandalsofeaturedtrumpetswithcatchyjazzrhythms.Trumpet(orcornet)isalsofeaturedin"bigband"anddixielandjazz,andinpopbandswithbrasssections.Forpiccolotrumpet,listentotheBeatle's"PennyLane".Ifyouwouldliketolistentosolotrumpet,lookforClark'sTrumpetVoluntary,orforoneofmanytrumpetconcertoswrittenbyvariouscomposers,includingHaydnandHummel.Mostsmallbrassensemblesalsoincludetrumpets.Easiestto ndinthiscategoryaremusicbyGabrieliorbrassquintets.5PracticalInformationforComposersandArrangersTherearenon-transposingconcert-pitch("C")trumpetsandcornets,buttherearealsoB atinstruments(cornetsareparticularlylikelytobepitchedinB at),whicharetransposinginstruments.Sincemostplayersonlyhaveoneinstrument,itisagoodideatoincludebothaCandaB atversionofeverytrumpetorcornetpartthatyouwrite,unlessyouarecertainwhichtypeofinstrumentyourplayerwillhave.Foryoungorbeginningplayers,notesabovethestaandbelowwrittenmiddleCshouldbeavoided.ExceptionalplayerscangetnoteswellabovetheCabovethesta,butit'snotagoodideatowritenotesinthisrange,unlessyouarecertainyourplayercanplaythem.Evenexperiencedplayerswillhavetroubleplayingpartswithlongsectionsofthemusicabovethesta,orverytrickypassagesintheupperregister.Ingeneral,though,thetrumpetandcornetarethemostagileoftheorchestralbrass,capableofplayingfastnotesandlargeleaps.Beinghigh-pitchedbrassinstruments,theyarealsobothverycapableofbeingheardoverlargeensemblesorinoutdoorperformances.Duetolong-standingassociationswithcertaintypesofmusic,bothinstrumentsareidealforgivingtuneseitheramilitary/fanfareorajazz/pop avor.Dierencesintimbrebetweentrumpetsandcornetsareslightandwillnotbenoticedbymostlisteners.http://cnx.org/content/m12606/1.4/