Phylum: Porifera ( sponges - PowerPoint Presentation

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Phylum: Porifera (

sponges)(8,761 known species)

General Description: Simplest animals, multicellular No organs or body systems Skeleton composed of spongin (soft) and spicules (hard)Symmetry: AsymmetricalFeeding: Filter Feeders - Cellular digestionCirculation: Diffusion - No circulatory system Excretion: DiffusionResponse: Ganglia (nerve cells) within head attached to nerve cordsMovement: Sessile (do not move)Reproduction: Reproduce sexually or asexually (regeneration)Respiration: Diffusion

sponges: 14 min.

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Phylum: Cnidaria

(10,303 known species)

General Description:

Primarily a marine organism distinguishing feature is cnidocytes, specialized cells that they use mainly for capturing prey.

Symmetry:

Most are radial symmetry

some have asymmetry (corals)

Feeding:

Primarily Predators

with use of:

Tentacles

Cnidocytes (stinging cells)

Nematocysts (barbs)

Circulation:

No circulatory system

all cells are in contact with the water, which contains oxygen and nutrients.

 

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Phylum: Cnidaria cont.

cnidaria: 14

Excretion:

Waste flows out by diffusion

Response:

Lack a central nervous system

specialized sensory nerve cells to transmit information to the rest of the nervous system

Movement:

Some muscle movement – but mostly carried by ocean currents

Reproduction:

Reproduce sexually or asexually

Respiration:

Diffusion

Examples:

Jellyfish, hydra, sea anemone, coral, Portuguese man of war

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Phylum: Platyhelminthes – Flatworms

(29,285 known species)

General Description: Flatworms are soft flat worms with tissues and organ systems.Symmetry: BilateralFeeding: Free Living: carnivores that eat tiny aquatic animals. Food passes through mouth into pharynx then into gastrovascular cavity where digestion occurs.Parasitic: Feed on blood of host, lets host digest food for them.

 

 

 

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Circulation:

DiffusionExcretion:

Removed using Flame Cells through tiny pores in the skinResponse: Ganglia (nerve cells) within head attached to nerve cordsMovement: Cilia & muscle cellsReproduction: Hermaphrodites (both sex organs)Respiration: Diffusion

Platyhelminthes – Flatworms Cont.

flatworms: 10

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Platyhelminthes Examples

Turbellarians

Free-living marine or freshwater flatworms includes planaria)FlukesParasitic flatworms that infect internal organs in the hostPass from one host to the nextTapewormsFlat parasitic forms that live within the digestive tracks of their host.Can grow up to 40 ft. longAttach with hooks & suckers

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Nematoda – Roundworms

(24,773 known species)

General Description: Unsegmented worms with pseudocoeloms and digestive systems with a mouth & an anus.Symmetry: BilateralFeeding: Carnivores or detritovoresCirculation: DiffusionExcretion: Diffusion

 

 

 

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Response:

Ganglia (nerve cells) within head attached to nerve cordsSensory organs that detect chemicals

Movement: Muscle cells (length of bodies) contract to moveReproduction: Sexual Reproduction (most have separate males & females)Internal FertilizationRespiration: DiffusionNematoda - Roundworms

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Roundworm Examples

Trichinosis-Causing Worms

Cause trichinosisLive in intestines of hostInvade hosts organs and muscle tissueFilarial WormsLine in blood/lymph vesselsTransmitted through biting insectsCause elephantitisAscarid WormsCause malnutrition, spread by eating vegetablesHookwormsLive in soil and hook onto feet of host, burrow into skin and enter bloodstreamSuck hosts blood in lungs and intestines causing weakness

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Phylum: Annelida

(17,210 known species)

General Description: Segmented worms with a true coelem lined with mesoderm.Symmetry: BilateralFeeding: Filter feeders and carnivoresEarth worm: crop (storage) and gizzard (grinds food)CirculationClosed circulatory system (blood vessels & hearts)2 main vessels – dorsal & ventralExcretionSolid waste through the anusFluid waste removed by nephridia (excretory organs)

 

 

 

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Response:

Nervous system – brain and nerve chordsAdaptations: sensory tentacles, chemical receptors and

statyoysts (gravity) Movement:2 major groups of body muscles (alternately contract the 2)Longitudinal MusclesContract to make worm shorterCircular MusclesContract to make worm longer/thinnerMarine annelida have parapodia (paddlelike appendages)Annelida

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Phylum: Annelida

Reproduction:

Sexual Reproduction External FertilizationSome are hermaphrodites some have separate sexesClitellum forms protective cocoon over fertilized eggsRespiration:Aquatic – have gillsNonaquatic – breathe through their skinCuticle – keeps skin moist so that respiration can occurannelida

: 13

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Phylum: Mollusca

General Description:

Soft bodied animals with an internal or external shellSymmetry: BilateralBody PlanFoot - contains mouthMantle – tissue that covers the body like a cloakShell – glands in the mantle secrete calcium carbonate to make the shell.Visceral mass – contains internal organsFeeding: Herbivores, carnivores, filter feeders, detritovores, or parasites.

 

 

 

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Circulation

Open or closed circulatory systemExcretion

Nephridia (remove ammonia from blood & release outside of the body)ResponseClams/shelled mollusks – simple gangliaOctupi – complex w/brainPhylum: Mollusca (117,350 known species)

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Movement

VariesOctupi – uses a siphon to propel themselves forward

ReproductionSexually – external fertilization or internal fertilization depending on the mollusk.RespirationAquatic: GilsNonaquatic: diffusion through mantle cavityPhylum: Mollusca

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Mollusca

Gastropods (Snails & Slugs)

Shell-less or single-shelledBivalves (Clams, Oysters, Mussels & Scallops)2 shells held together by 1 or 2 powerful musclesCephalopods (Octopi, Squids and Nautiluses)Soft bodied with a head attached to a single foot that is divided into tentacles or arms.

mollusca:15

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Phylum: Arthropoda

(1,214,294 known species)

General Description: Segmented body, tough exoskeleton & jointed appendagesSymmetry: BilateralBody PlanExoskeleton – tough external cover made of chitin Jointed Appendages – structures that extend from the body such as legs and antennaeFeeding: Herbivores, carnivores & omnivoresMouthparts vary among species to eat specific foods

 

 

 

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Circulation

Open circulatory systemHeart pumps blood through arteries that open up into the tissues

ExcretionMalpighian TubulesSaclike organs that extract wastes from the blood then add them to fecesResponseWell developed nervous systemAll have brainsMost have sensory organs (eyes & taste receptors etc.)

Phylum: Arthropoda

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Movement

Use muscles controlled by nervous system to flex & extend

ReproductionTerrestrial – internal fertilizationAquatic – internal or externalRespirationTerrestrial ArthropodsTracheal Tubes – branching air filled tubesSpiracles – small opening along the side of the body through which air entersSpiders - Book Lungs – layers of respiratory tissueAquatic Arthropods - GillsPhylum: Arthropoda

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Arthropoda - Crustaceans

Crustaceans

Shell-less or single-shelledCrabs, crayfish & barnacles

marine arthropods: 10

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Arthropoda - Chelicerates

Chelicerates

ScorpionsSpidersHorseshoe CrabMites

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Arthropoda - Uniramians

UniramiansGrasshopper

CentipedeMillipedeButterflyBee

terrestrial arthropods

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Phylum: Echinoderms

(7,500 + known species)

General Description: Have “spiny skins” embedded with interlocking spines and plates of calcium carbonateSymmetry: Begin life as bilateral larvae and develop into spiny-skinned, radial adultsFeeding: filter feeders, predators, or scavengersCirculation: open circulatory system with cilia circulating the fluids through each arm.

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Phylum Echinodermata

enchinoderma: 13 Excretion: No specialized excretory organsResponse: Echinoderms can regenerate lost body parts any portion of a sea star with some of the central disc can regrow missing partsMovement: water-vascular system for locomotion

Reproduction: Separate sexes with external fertilization Respiration: gas exchange occur by diffusion across the tube feet

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