NCHRP 2024 98 2 PROJECT MOTIVATION CVAV technologies continue to advance towards introduction Open questions and issues remain for state and local agencies Develop a roadmap of research and related activities to close gaps ID: 658751
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AASHTOCV/AV RESEARCH ROADMAP
NCHRP 20-24 (98)Slide2
2
PROJECT MOTIVATION
CV/AV technologies continue to advance towards introduction
Open questions and issues remain for
state and local agenciesDevelop a roadmap of research and related activities to close gapsSlide3
3
Project Panel Members
John Corbin, FHWA
Mark
Kopko, Pennsylvania DOTMelissa Lance, Virginia DOTGreg Larson, CaltransBlaine Leonard, Utah DOT
Siva
Narla
, ITE
Ryan Rice, Colorado DOT
Shelley Row,
consultant
Matthew Smith, Michigan DOT
Bob Arnold, USDOT
Joe Peters, FHWA TFHRC
Kevin
Dopart
, USDOT
Gummada
Murthy, AASHTO
Jim Wright, AASHTOSlide4
4
PROJECT OVERVIEW
Develop a catalog of open issues and research needs
Prioritize issues in catalog and consolidate into research projects
Develop a roadmap of research activitiesDevelop a structure for maintenance of the roadmap
Summarize project for disseminationSlide5
5
UNRESOLVED ISSUES FOR PUBLIC AGENCIES
Over 100 research questions
Planning
Infrastructure
Policy
Modal AppsSlide6
6
PANEL VOTING ON IMPORTANCE OF ISSUES
Topics in infrastructure operations were most consistently rated “critical”
Limited
consensus: votes of both “critical” and “not important” on many topicsSlide7
7
INSTITUTIONAL AND POLICY
Business models for infrastructure deployment
Public policy actions to facilitate implementation
Implications of AV for motor vehicle codes
Harmonization of state goals and regulations
Fed/state/local responsibilities
Lessons learned from Safety Pilot and CV Pilots
Lessons learned from other tech rollouts (e.g. 511, Next Gen air traffic control)Slide8
AUTOMATION AND MOTOR VEHICLE CODESRPS
Implicit assumptions in motor vehicle codes that humans are continuously involved in driving task
Tasks
Review all 50 State codes on motor vehicles and related issues
Identify obsolete and near obsolete rulesRecommend modifications
Assess practicality of harmonization
Deliverables
Report
Resources
18 months, $500 K
Urgency
HighSlide9
CV INFRASTRUCTURE BUSINESS MODELS TO SUPPORT AV OPERATIONSRPS
Chicken-egg problem of infrastructure deployment and in-vehicle equipment value; inherent estimate that benefits of AV+CV exceed AV alone
Tasks
Estimate net difference of benefits of AV alone and AV+ CV
Identify how CV services for AVs could have higher requirements than current CV systems
Evaluate business models for infrastructure deployment (PPP, Private, Public) advantages and disadvantages
Develop recommendations for AASHTO
Deliverables
Report, with policy and investment guidelines
Resources
18 months, $750 K
Urgency
HighSlide10
STATE AND LOCAL POLICY ACTIONS TO FACILITATE CV/AV IMPLEMENTATIONRPS
Societal benefits not directly related to private cost-effectiveness considerations in bringing CV/AV technologies to market
Tasks
Identify mismatches between societal and private benefits for CV/AV
Identify policy actions for agencies to counteract these mismatches
Assess each potential action for B/C return and political feasibility
Develop recommendations for AASHTO
Deliverables
Report on policy actions, expected costs and impacts on deployment
Resources
12 months, $500 K
Urgency
HighSlide11
HARMONIZATION OF STATE GOALS AND REGULATIONSRPS
Different regulatory environments across State borders could impede deployment of helpful AV/CV technologies
Tasks
Identify full range of affected regulatory issues including DMV, MUTCD, Insurance, PPPs
Identify where states are already inconsistent
Develop recommendations for harmonization
Develop
next steps and action plan
Deliverables
Report on
regulatory issues and recommended remedies
Resources
18
months, $500 K
Urgency
HighSlide12
FEDERAL/STATE/LOCAL RESPONSIBILITIES FOR AV/CVRPS
CV and AV systems cut across traditional federal/state/local boundaries, so those boundaries may need to be adjusted
Tasks
Identify problems for CV/AV implementation based on existing boundaries
Develop recommendations for adjustment of current boundaries to facilitate success
Define next step action plan (administrative actions, legislation, $ incentives)
Deliverables
Report recommending
agency actions
Resources
18 months, $250 K
Urgency
ModerateSlide13
LESSONS LEARNED FROM OTHER TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY ROLLOUTSRPS
CV/AV systems have similarities to other national-scale transportation technologies (e.g. 511, Next-Gen Air Traffic Control
);
l
earn from their successes and failuresTasks
Identify relevant transportation tech rollouts
Identify successful and unsuccessful aspects of each
Summarize lessons learned
Deliverables
Report, recommending what to apply to CV/AV
Resources
12 months, $250 K
Urgency
Moderate Slide14
LESSONS LEARNED FROM SAFETY PILOT AND 2015+ CV PILOTSRPS
Pioneering organizations in Safety and CV Pilots will have learned lessons for follower organizations
Tasks
Review existing and upcoming documentation on Safety and CV Pilots
Interview and assess each Pilot agency for lessons and recommendationsSummarize lessons learned
Deliverables
Report and outreach
Resources
12 months, $250 K
Urgency
Moderate, following first “wave” of upcoming CV PilotsSlide15
15
INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN/OPERATIONS
Road infrastructure design
Tools for CV/AV impact assessment
CV/AV maintenance fleet apps
Relationships of CV to AV
Traffic control strategies
Dedicated lanes for CV/AV
Roadway geometric design
Cybersecurity for states and locals
Workforce capability strategies
Management of “Big” DataSlide16
ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN FOR AVRPS
Current standards and practices vary for signals, signs, and markings. AVs require higher level of consistency and new
standards
Tasks
Summarize state-of-the-art and state-of-the-practice in signs, markings, and signals
Analyze issues w.r.t. MUTCD, “green book”, and other
standards
Summarize recommendations and develop action plan
Deliverables
Reports on state of the art and next steps
Resources
18 months, $750 K
Urgency
High. AV developers are already testing in real-world environments that are highly
localizedSlide17
TOOLS FOR PREDICTING IMPACTS OF AV/CVRPS
AV/CV are expected to provide positive B/C. Current tools are not designed to represent their effects
accurately
Tasks
Identify types of benefits and performance metrics
Identify types of models needed for
prediction
Identify specification for modifications to existing models
Implement and test in existing model
frameworks
Deliverables
Report, validated models, model documentation, case study results
Resources
24 months, $3000 K
Urgency
High. No current basis for agency planning. Project can be
phasedSlide18
AV/CV APPLICATIONS FOR AGENCY MAINTENANCE FLEETSRPS
Agencies have in-house resources for AV/CV application testing and development and could benefit directly from
implementation
Tasks
Summarize state of the art and state of the practice in maintenance fleet technology
Identify “bundles” of applications relevant to maintenance
fleets
Develop action plan for next steps
Deliverables
Report on potential applications and next steps
Resources
12 months, $100 K
Urgency
Moderate. No significant dependency on other
projectsSlide19
TECHNICAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CV AND AV SYSTEMSRPS
CV and AV interests are not yet aligned despite their
potential synergy
. Many have difficulty distinguishing the differences and
similaritiesTasksIdentify requirements that AVs place on CV infrastructure
Identify issues of DSRC and other wireless means for supporting AV services
Identify organization and institutional frameworks for CV infrastructure implementation
Develop recommendations and action plan
Deliverables
Report on how to provide CV support for AVs
Resources
12 months, $250 K
Urgency
Moderate. Cooperative AV deployment is not yet imminentSlide20
TRAFFIC CONTROL STRATEGIES WITH AV TECHNOLOGYRPS
Significant research has been done for CV technology and traffic control, but little distinction if the CV is an
AV
Tasks
Summarize state of the art in traffic control with CV data
Develop concepts for traffic control enhancements with AVs phased in over time
Special emphasis on low-speed urban environments
Develop prototype software and applications that can be widely shared
Summary report and action plan
Deliverables
Report, open-source software
Resources
36 months, $1.5 M
Urgency
Moderate. Project can be
phasedSlide21
DEDICATED LANES FOR PRIORITY USE BY AV/CVRPS
AV/CV technology can have strong synergy with HOV/HOT lanes, as a location where equipped vehicle market penetration can be concentrated to maximize
benefits
Tasks
Identify categories of benefits and dis-benefits from dedicating lanes to CV/AV
Identify changes to modeling frameworks (project 2.2) to estimate benefits
Perform case studies on diverse sites
Identify policy actions where B/C could support lane dedication
Summary report and action plan
Deliverables
Report on benefits, with guidelines for choosing where to dedicate lanes
Resources
18 months, $500 K
Urgency
Moderate. Needs modeling tools from project 2.2Slide22
GEOMETRIC DESIGN CONCEPTS FOR AV OPERATIONSRPS
AVs could become better than humans in following
lanes; new
business models for shared-use AVs will change needs for parking; relocating bicycle and pedestrian facilities, new types of urban facilities segregating AV operations from human
driversTasks
Conduct workshops with roadway and infrastructure design experts
Evaluate range of environments – rural, urban, campus, freeway,
tollway
– for costs and benefits of infrastructure design changes
Synthesize recommendations for redesign and impacts to standards
Summary report and action plan
Deliverables
Assessment of current design tools, workshops, recommendations for changes
Resources
18 months, $500 K
Urgency
Moderate. Synergy with research in signage, striping, and traffic controlSlide23
CYBERSECURITY IMPLICATIONS OF AV/CVRPS
Agencies have limited understanding of the implications of CV and AV technologies on their existing communications systems and
infrastructure
Tasks
Develop a primer on cybersecurity issues for agenciesConduct workshops on issues to raise awareness
Analysis and recommendation on role of agencies in development of standards and privacy protection methods
Summary report and action plan
Deliverables
Primer on best practices and recommendations for future actions
Resources
12 months, $250 K
Urgency
HighSlide24
AGENCY WORKFORCE CAPABILITIES IN AN AV/CV WORLDRPS
Agencies typically have limited staff with ITS experience and responsibility. Demands for technically competent staff will only
increase
Tasks
Review long-term planning and existing agency practices for workforce and summarize state-of-the-practice
Conduct workshops on issues with leading and following agencies
Summary report and action plan
Deliverables
Report with recommendations for workforce planning
Resources
18 months, $150 K
Urgency
Low. Organizational changes are particularly slow-paced.Slide25
CV/AV DATA MANAGEMENT STRATEGIESRPS
AV and CV systems will generate
new real-time
data and more of it than agencies are accustomed to managing.
AV and CV vehicles will require new data to be maintained and updated by agenciesTasks
Summarize new data agencies must maintain to support AV and CV applications
Summarize new data agencies will receive from AV and CV applications
Identify issues with standards, formats, data management systems
Develop recommendations for near and medium term agency activities to address incoming and outgoing data
Deliverables
Report on state of the art and new strategies likely to be needed
Resources
24 months, $500 K
Urgency
Moderate. Lessons learned from CV Pilots could be
helpfulSlide26
26
TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
AVs and regional long-term planning models
Assessing impacts of CV/AV (applying tools to test cases)
Modeling effects of AV/CV on land use and travel demandSlide27
AV IMPACTS ON THE REGIONAL PLANNING PROCESSRPS
Long term regional transportation plans should include consideration of AV systems but existing tools do not represent their supply or demand
effects
Tasks
Identify necessary changes to transportation network modeling science to accommodate new AV concepts
Develop modeling theories and prototype in open-source tools
Assess results in variety of environments from dense urban, coastal, sprawl, etc.
Synthesize findings and develop action plan
Deliverables
State of the art review, new open-source modeling tools and methods
Resources
36 months, $1500 K
Urgency
Moderate, mainly focused on longer-term system changesSlide28
ASSESSING IMPACTS OF CV/AV ON THE OPERATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMRPS
Apply tools developed in 2.2 to diverse scenarios for operational impact assessment. Findings are needed to motivate policy decisions about incentives for AV vs. AV+CV
Tasks
Conduct expert panel about ranges of key input parameters to be tested
Assess results in representative scenarios for AV and AV+CV
Synthesize findings and develop recommendations towards energy and emission reduction and traffic flow improvement, with prioritization of AV and CV strategies
Deliverables
Report on impacts, leading to policy recommendations
Resources
24 months, $1500 K
Urgency
High. But must follow tool development in 2.2 and 3.1Slide29
EFFECTS OF AV ON LAND USE, TRAVEL DEMAND, AND TRAFFIC IMPACT MODELSRPS
Land use and travel demand models generate inputs to regional transportation models. Changes in vehicle ownership and land use are likely with AV system introduction. New modeling approaches are needed to get reasonable
predictions
Tasks
Summarize existing state of the art and state of the practice in land-use and travel demand modeling
Develop new theories and models including consideration of AVs
Demonstrate models on variety of scenarios from dense urban, sprawl, coastal, and low-density
Develop guidance for planners regarding how to represent AV effects.
Deliverables
State of the art synthesis, primer for planners, open-source software
Resources
18 months, $1000 K
Urgency
Low. Follows completion of 3.1Slide30
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MODAL APPLICATIONS
Impacts of transit regulations on AV/CV tech introduction
Next steps for AV/CV applications to long-haul freight
Benefit/cost analysis of AV transit systemsSlide31
IMPACT OF TRANSIT REGULATIONS AND POLICIES ON ADOPTION OF AV/CV TECHNOLOGYRPS
Current regulations for fixed guideway transit systems prevent reductions in workforce. Regulations governing safety and operations derive from railroad practices. These need to be reconsidered for modern automated
systems
Tasks
Develop a primer on the current regulatory and policy landscape of transit systems that will be affected by AV/CV technologies
Explore how existing certification and testing procedures for fixed-guideway transit can be applied to AV systems
Summarize findings and develop action plan
Deliverables
Report on existing regulations and ways they may need to be updated
Resources
12 months, $150 K
Urgency
HighSlide32
CRITICAL NEXT STEPS FOR AV/CV APPLICATIONS IN LONG-HAUL FREIGHT OPERATIONSRPS
Current regulatory, policy, and technical issues related to AV/CV technologies for trucking are not well understood by
agencies
Tasks
Develop a primer on the current regulatory and policy landscape for freight systems that will be affected by AV/CV technologies
Summarize findings and develop action plan / guidance
Conduct workshops with agencies to disseminate guidance
Deliverables
Report on existing challenges to deployment of AVs for freight and recommendations for resolving them
Resources
9 months, $150 K
Urgency
HighSlide33
B/C ANALYSIS OF AUTOMATED TRANSIT SYSTEM CONCEPTSRPS
Fixed-guideway AV transit systems have been in development for 30+ years but infrastructure costs have been too high. New low-speed AV transit systems for less restricted environments could help with “first mile – last mile” access to line-haul
transit
Tasks
Summarize state of the art in AV transit concepts at different levels of automation
Evaluate AV transit B/C in diverse scenarios
Summarize findings and identify where AV transit systems have best B/C performance
Develop recommendations for next steps
Deliverables
Report on deployment concepts and B/C results
Resources
18 months, $500 K
Urgency
High. AV transit is potential “low hanging fruit” in low-speed controlled
environmentsSlide34
34Slide35
35Slide36
36
FUNDING
$15 M+ projects identified
$5 M NCHRP ($1 M 2015)
Need to seek synergy with other programs
USDOT ITS JPO
FHWA Offices of Operations, Safety, Policy
CV Pooled Fund Studies
Turner Fairbank Highway Research Center
AASHTO TSM&O Research and NOCoE
Department of Energy (ARPA-e)
TCRP, NCFRPSlide37
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ROADMAP MAINTENANCE
AV/CV technologies and issues evolving quickly
Ownership: NCHRP 20-102 panel
Allocation of projects to programs
Collaboration and coordination of stakeholders
Yearly process of review and adjustment
Aligned with TRB Annual Meeting and summer TRB/AUVSI automation symposiumSlide38
38
Roadmap Maintenance
Impacts of transit regulations on AV/CV tech introduction
Impacts of AV/CV applications in long-haul freight
Benefit/cost analysis of AV transit systems
Step
1
2
3
4
5
6
WHAT
Review AV/CV roadmap RNS/RPS and new ideas
Maintain priority rankings, sort new RPS from Step 1
Draft new/modified RPS to advance to SCOR / DOT / CVPFS
Review and prioritize AV/CV RPS; advocate and coordinate funding agency
Submit RPS, RFP, task order descriptions
Track previous, on-going, and scheduled research; identify new ideas and issues
WHO
20-102 panel; oversight from FHWA, DOT, V2I coalition liaisons as appropriate
20-102 panel, in consultation with other funding partners
20-102 panel with support from AV/CV subcommittee of TSM&O research task force
20-102 panel with support from AV/CV subcommittee of TSM&O research task force
20-102 panel
20-102 panel; oversight from FHWA, DOT, V2I coalition liaisons as appropriate
WHEN
TRB Annual Meeting
Mid-February
1 month prior to TRB/AUVSI Automated Vehicles Symposium
TRB/AUVSI Automated Vehicles Symposium
By Sept 15 of each year (for 20-102 projects), other funding agencies have different schedules
November each year
HOW
Face to face meeting including existing contractors
Webinar
Champions for each RPS lead creation of draft, committee review
Formal component of summer meeting agenda; 20-102 panel finalize RPSs for task orders, coordinated with CVPFS and DOT ID/IQ managers, for complementary funding sources
Formal submission process of updating task orders / extending existing 20-102
Presentations by current research teams and entities at webinar or face-to-face meeting of TSM&O research task force, DOT, JPO, CVPFSSlide39
39
NEXT STEPS
NCHRP 20-102 RFP released, responses due 1/29/15
Selection of multiple teams available for task orders
20-102 panel formed, prioritizing first $1 M allocation
Summer 2015 task orders beginSlide40
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Thank You
http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=3752Slide41
AASHTOCV/AV RESEARCH ROADMAP
NCHRP 20-24 (98)