PPT-Ethers & Epoxides

Ethers are relatively unreactive Ethers are often used as solvents in organic reactions Ethers oxidize in air to form explosive hydroperoxides and peroxides Crown ethers are useful as enhancers in nucleophilic substitution and other reactions. For more than 60 years these versatile products have played an important role in a host of applications from construction products ceramics and paints to foods cosmetics and pharmaceuticals For construction products cellulose ethers act as thickener 1 Phenolic Ethers Alkyl Phenolics Heterocyclic Ethers Larger PAH 500 600 700 800 900 Figure 1 Formation of biomass tars and example of compounds formed Alcohols and Ethers. Alcohols. Alcohols are compounds whose molecules have a hydroxyl group attached to a saturated carbon atom. The saturated carbon may be that of a simple alkyl group . Examples. Or the saturated carbon may be connected to an . Mass spectrometer. n-hexane. MS. Alcohols, ethers, thiols. Sweet. Hydrogen . bonding. Hydrophilic. Hydrophobic. Oxidation. 12.1 Alcohols: Structure and Physical Properties. An organic compound containing a hydroxyl group attached to an alkyl group. 9-6. Ethers are prepared by S. N. 2 reactions.. Ethers can be prepared by the reaction of an alkoxide with a primary haloalkane or sulfonate ester under S. N. 2 conditions.. The parent alcohol of the alkoxide can be used as the solvent, however other polar solvents are often better, such as DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) or HMPA (hexamethylphosphoric triamide).. Structure. Ethers have two organic groups (alkyl, aryl, or vinyl) bonded to the same oxygen . atom.. R groups are identical = symmetrical ether. R groups are different = unsymmetrical ether. Oxygen is . The data contained in this publication is based on our current may affect processing and application of our product, the data does not relieve processors from carrying out their own investigations and Thiols. , . and ethers. Nomencalture. of alcohols. Use the end . ol. Examples. . Hydrogen bonding in alcohols and phenols. Alcohols and phenols form hydrogen bonds, and hence they have relatively high boiling points. This also makes the lower alcohols miscible with water. As the R group becomes larger, the solubility of alcohols in water decreases dramatically.. Compounds. B.Sc. III. Organic Chemistry. Organometallic Compounds. Organometallic. compound:. a compound that contains a carbon-metal bond. In this chapter, we focus on . organometallic. compounds of Mg, Li, and Zn. Epoxides. 1. Ethers and Their Relatives. An . ether. . has two organic groups (alkyl, aryl, or vinyl) bonded to the same oxygen atom, R–O–R. . Diethyl ether is used industrially as a solvent. Dr. . Shatha. I . Alaqeel. 108 . Chem. Learning Objectives. Chapter seven discusses the following topics and by the end of this chapter the students will:. . Know the structure of ethers. Know the different methods of naming ethers. Chem. 1. st. 1439 . Outline. Structure of Ethers. Nomenclature of Ethers. Physical Properties of Ethers. Preparation of Ethers. Reactions of Ethers. Epoxides: Structure and Nomenclature. Synthesis of Epoxides. Crown ether is molecules containing H,C & O atoms , each oxygen atom is bound between two of the C atoms and arranged in a ring . They are based on repeating (-OCH2CH2-) derived from ethylene glycol (HOCH2CH2OH). Ethers and Their Relatives. An . ether. . has two organic groups (alkyl, aryl, or vinyl) bonded to the same oxygen atom, R–O–R. . Diethyl ether is used industrially as a solvent. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) is a solvent that is a cyclic ether .