Manifest Destiny Review – Turn and Talk - PowerPoint Presentation

Manifest Destiny Review – Turn and Talk What is Manifest Destiny? Discuss TWO examples.

Informal Reading Check What does “54° 40’ or Fight” mean? How was the Oregon territorial dispute solved? What caused the Mexican American War? What were the results of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?

Road to The Civil War Informal Reading Check What does “54° 40’ or Fight” mean? How was the Oregon territorial dispute solved?What caused the Mexican American War?What were the results of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo? Day One: Expansion, Jimmy Fallon, Compromise & Mexico

Implications on Slavery What should be done in the new lands? Northwest Territory Louisiana Purchase Mexican Cession

Missouri Compromise 1820 Missouri Slave State Maine Free State Banned slavery north of the 36 30 line in the Louisiana territory .

Texas Alamo (not part of the Mexican American War) Lone-Star Republic 1836-1845 Admitted in 1845 Why did it take so long to admit Texas in the United States?

Mexican American War Who? What? When? Where? Why?

Mexican-American War Polk 54 40 or Fight Added Oregon, 1846 1846-1848 Conflict over annexation of TexasUS wins! (Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo)Gadsden Purchasewww.youtube.com/watch?v=gn2FzuPyFlYe.com/watch?v=gn2FzuPyFlY

Wilmot Proviso- 1846 Proposed during the Mexican American War Stated that it would ban slavery in all territories acquired from Mexico Allowed slavery to exist in current locations Begins to split the two parties into sectional groups.

Slave Power ( Slaveocracy ) Belief that minority of slave owners from the south controlled politics in the United States. Judicial Legislative Executive Belief was held by Northerners.

Political Parties Liberty Party 1844 – Demonstrates appeal of an anti-slavery third party Free-Soil Party 1848 – Martin Van Buren runs gets 10%, free labor (anti-black)

Popular Sovereignty “Squatter sovereignty” “We live here. We will do what we want. WE RUN THIS TOWN.” Territorial residents would decide if slavery was allowed in the new territories Hoped to appeal to both sides – allowed to the local government to decide. Did not answer the slavery question – shifted to the state level

Compromise of 1850 Zachary Taylor (President) pushed to add California as a free state which would upset balance of slave and free states Components California became a Free State New Mexico and Utah territories were open to slavery based on the principle of popular sovereignty Ban slave trade in Washington DCStricter enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Law

Compromise of 1850

Fugitive Slave Law (Act) This act was not well received in the North Southern want to combat the Underground Railroad All northerners were expected to help catch runaway slaves as part of this law. Brutal tactics by slave catchers helped to radicalize the North against slavery.

Road to The Civil War Warm Up: What do you think has been the most influential book written in the past 50 years? Why? Day Two:Jayhawks, Huskers, and Elections

Uncle Tom’s Cabin- 1852 Harriet Beecher Stowe Daughter of Lyman Beecher – famous reformer and preacher 300,000 copies in a year 2,000,000 copies in ten years Helped build sentiment against slaverySoutherners wholly rejected it

Election of 1852 Whigs are coming apart. Conscience Whigs (Reform-minded) Cotton Whigs (Business) Pierce is a northerner with clear southern leanings.

More Manifest Destiny ‘Young America’ Ostend Manifesto – Cuba There was northern backlash. They thought there was a conspiracy by Southerners who were looking for additional slave territory. Filibuster – William Walker in Nicaragua

Kansas – Nebraska Act Stephan Douglas Transcontinental Railroad – Chicago North route versus a southern route to St. Louis or New Orleans (Gadsden Purchase) Needed to organize the Unorganized territory to build Slavery in KS and NE chosen bye Popular Sovereignty Basically repealed Missouri CompromiseIgnored Indian treaties – pushed further west

Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854

Bleeding Kansas Border Ruffians – Missouri Two Constitutions Topeka Lecompton “Sack of Lawrence” - 1856Pottawatomie Massacre Guerrilla War

“Bleeding Kansas” Border “Ruffians” (pro-slavery Missourians)

Caning of Charles Sumner

1856 Presidential Election √ James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican American

1856 Election Results

Dred Scott v . Sandford Background: Scott was bought in Missouri and taken to Illinois (a free state) and Fort Snelling (located in a free territory). He was returned to Missouri after 13 years and sued for his freedom. Decision: (Roger B. Taney)Dred Scott was not a legal citizen and had no right to sue.Missouri, his home state, determined his statusCompromises prohibiting slavery were unconstitutionalJustice Benjamin Curtis – minority opinion – resigned in protest

PAUSE- Turn and Talk! What is the definition of a martyr?

John Brown: martyr, or madman?

John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859

John Brown’s Raid- 1859 Bleeding Kansas Madman, Martyr, Hero? Harpers Ferry “I John Brown am now quite certain, that the crimes of this guilty land will never be purged away; but with Blood.” Southerners feared that more Northerners were ready to die trying to take out slavery.

Where did Republicans come from? Northern Whigs Northern Democrats Free- Soilers Know-NothingsOther miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act

1860 Presidential Election √ Abraham Lincoln Republican John Bell Constitutional Union Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat

Republican Party Platform (1860) Non-extension of slavery [for the Free- Soilers . Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists]. No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”].Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest]. Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense. Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].

1860 Election Results

1860 Election: 3 “Outs” & 1 ”Run!”

1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

Election of 1860 Democrats split their vote Northern Democrats Southern Democrats Republicans Win Lincoln is a sectional candidate not appearing on all ballots in the South.