PPT-Reaction Mechanism

The reaction mechanism is the series of elementary steps by which a chemical reaction occurs The sum of the elementary steps must give the overall balanced equation for the reaction The mechanism must agree with the experimentally determined rate law. 7 . (. Cycloaddition. . Reactions. ). A . cycloaddition.  is a . pericyclic.  . chemical reaction. , in which "two or more unsaturated molecules (or parts of the same molecule) combine with the formation of a cyclic adduct in which there is a net reduction of the bond multiplicity.". Coordination Chemistry IV. Reactions and Mechanisms. Coordination Compound Reactions. Goal is to understand reaction mechanisms. Primarily substitution reactions, most are rapid . Cu(H. 2. O). 6. 2+. Peroxycarboxylic acids have the general formula:. These compounds react with double bonds because one of the oxygen atoms is electrophilic.. The resulting products are an oxacyclopropane and a carboxylic acid.. Sonogashira. Coupling. Mechanism of . Sonogashira. Coupling. Villsmeyer-Haack. Reaction. Mechanism of the . Villsmeyer-Haack. Reaction. Mechanism of . Achmatowicz. Rearrangement. Once formed, . selenoxides. Carbocations. Substitution and . β. -elimination reactions at C(sp. 3. )-X. Electrophilic addition to . nuclephilic. C=C . π. bonds. Substitution . at . nuclephilic. C=C . π. . bonds. Nuclephilic. Goto. . Ryosuke. ; Inoue Masayuki The twisted side chain of . antillatoxin. is important for potent toxicity: total synthesis and biological evaluation of . antillatoxin. and analogues. . Angewandte. Reactions and Catalysis. Ligand loss or gain. Dissociation/Substitution. Oxidative addition. Reductive elimination. Nucleophilic displacement. Ligand modification. Insertion. Carbonyl insertion (methyl migration). Goal is to understand reaction mechanisms. Three types of reactions: . Substitution. Redox. Ligand-Based. Primarily substitution reactions. :. M. ost substitution reactions are rapid . but some are slow. times during . a . reaction and asked to determine whether the reaction is . first or . second order.. Plan. We can plot . ln[NO. 2. ] . and . 1/[NO. 2. ] . against time. If one plot or . the other . John Gipson & Victoria Russell. University of Utah. Determination of Kinetic Isotope Effects at Natural Abundance. Overview: . The natural abundance of isotopes of a chemical element can provide detailed information about the mechanism of a large range of chemical reactions. Small heavy-atom and secondary hydrogen kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) can be measured with high-precision, simultaneously determining multiple small KIEs at natural abundance using NMR techniques.. Stoichiometry. (identity and relative amounts of reactants and products).. Spontaneity (feasibility of the reaction, based on thermodynamics).. Speed…KINETICS (reaction rates).. Stopping…when will the reaction stop? (Equilibrium-next chapter). WHERE SHOULD WE (LTPs) BEGIN?. Mark J. . Kushner. University of Michigan. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA http://uigelz.eecs.umich.edu . mjkush@umich.edu . Monosaccharide Isomerases. Isomerases Interconvert Aldoses and Ketoses. Class of Enzymes:. Isomerases . - an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of a specified compound to an . isomer.. Two Important Sugar Isomerases. are not very reactive. Ethers can be prepared by nucleophilic substitution of . haloalkanes. with . alkoxide. ions, RO. −. . . i. . . Alkoxide. . ions can be prepared by reacting sodium with an alcohol. A gas is also formed..