Safety Authority on Beryllium activities Joelle ElbezUzan Environmental Protection amp Nuclear Safety Division ITER Organization Licensing roadmap for staged approach Be is very important for the staged approach licensing ID: 759770
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Slide1
Requirements from French Nuclear Safety Authority on Beryllium activities
Joelle Elbez-Uzan
Environmental Protection & Nuclear Safety Division
ITER Organization
Slide2Licensing roadmap for staged approach
Be is very important for the staged approach licensing
Slide3French Nuclear Regulations/requirements that are applicable for ITER Be activities
Decree No 2007-1557 of 2 November 2007
INB order: Order dated 7 February 2012 Decisions ASN 2013-DC-0360 Other specific orders
ITER decreeDecision No. 2013-DC-0379
RPrS
Impact Study
Answer to GP actions
….
Slide4General ASN regulations
Decree No 2007-1557 of 2 November 2007
Any nuclear facility (INB) shall assess the impacts on the “interests” mentioned in the article L593-1 of the Environment code: health, security, public “
salubrity
”, nature and environment protection.
By this decree, ITER becomes an INB the day the preliminary safety report is sent to the regulator, meaning in January 2008.
Be impacts on the health and environment are subject to this decree.
Slide5General ASN regulations
INB Order
- Order dated 7 February 2012 relating to the general technical regulations applicable to INB
From
the INB order
article
1, it is clear that any activity related to design, construction, operation, decommissioning, surveillance and maintenance of activities related to protection of the interests mentioned in the environmental
code
enters in the scope of this INB order.
Beryllium
is concerned by these interests, since it can affect the
environment and health.
From the title III in this order,
the defence in depth principle
shall be
implemented.
The INB order establishes
a list of internal and external hazards
to be considered in articles 3.5 and 3.6.
Slide6General ASN regulations
Decisions ASN 2013-DC-0360 of the French Nuclear Safety Authority dated 16 July
2013
The
decision
focuses
on
the control of pollution and the
impact on
health and the environment of basic nuclear
facilities
The beryllium is an hazardous substance due to its impact on health and
environment, so the decision is applicable
The title II related to water sampling, effluent discharges and transfer in the air/water
provides technical
data. The process of Beryllium during assembly and storage could lead
to production
of liquid and gas effluents contaminated by beryllium mainly due to
plates cleaning
process. These
INB articles 3.5 and 3.6 provide
requirements in terms of collection, treatment
, transfer
and discharge of effluents mainly articles from 2.3.5 until to
2.3.13 of ASN 2013-DC-0360.
Slide7General ASN regulations
Decisions ASN 2013-DC-0360
of the French Nuclear Safety Authority dated 16 July 2013
In particular, the article 2.3.13 requires having a
stack design
in order to have a
good atmospheric
diffusion of releases airborne effluents in order to avoid their re-use
in neighbouring
installations.
The stack height cannot be lower than the one resulting from
the calculation
in appendix 1 of the decision
.
Additional monitoring of effluents under aerosol form as well as under a potential liquid
form is
to be performed as per title III
.
It is specified
in article
4.1.1 that the facilities shall be designed, constructed, operated, decommissioned
, dismantled
, maintained and monitored in such a way as
to prevent or limit the direct
or indirect
discharge of substances likely to cause pollution
in the receiving environment
or sewage
systems.
Slide8Other specific orders
Several other “decision” orders are applicable to ITER facility (e.g. “waste” decision order)
will need
to be further assessed.
Slide9Specific regulations for ITER site
ITER decree: Decree No. 2012-1248 dated 9 November 2012 authorising ITER Organization to build the licensed nuclear facility called ITER in Saint-Paul-lez-Durance Article III-1: The design, construction and operation of the facility shall control the risk of spreading hazardous substances, such as radioactive substances or beryllium, within the facility or its environment, during normal operation and in incident or accident conditions.
Confinement
of Be is a basic safety
function
Slide10Specific regulations for ITER site
ITER decree:
Decree No. 2012-1248 dated 9 November 2012 authorising ITER Organization to build the licensed nuclear facility called ITER in
Saint-Paul-
lez
-Durance
Article III-1:
The confinement of hazardous materials shall consist of
two systems
, based on two confinement methods: static and dynamic:
1. A
first system, located as close as possible to the materials, provided in particular by the tokamak vacuum vessel and its extensions, the tritium processes, the maintenance hot cells and the associated ventilation systems as necessary.
2. A
second system designed to limit releases into the environment, provided by the walls of the rooms and buildings and the associated ventilation systems as necessary.
In the parts of the facility where a risk of spread of dangerous materials exists,
ventilation system
provisions ensure a negative pressure cascade compared to atmospheric pressure.
Slide11Specific regulations for ITER site
ITER decree:
Decree No. 2012-1248 dated 9 November 2012 authorising ITER Organization to build the licensed nuclear facility called ITER in
Saint-Paul-
lez
-Durance
Article IV-1.7:
Concerning beryllium in particular, the operator shall set up:
1.
Beryllium zoning
upon receipt of this substance on site.
2.
Dual confinement system
mentioned in III.1 of this article, which is designed to limit the spread of beryllium.
Stationary
and mobile means of atmospheric testing
in work areas located in “
beryllium
controlled areas
”.
Article
V-5:
Before
producing any waste,
the waste disposal outlets will be identified
during the operation and dismantling phases for each waste type, particularly for waste containing tritium,
beryllium
, tungsten and molybdenum-93.
Slide12Specific regulations for ITER site
Decision No. 2013-DC-0379 issued by the French Nuclear Safety Authority on 12 November
2013
I.6.3 Beryllium risks
I. The operator must provide all those who are potentially exposed to beryllium with
personal protective equipment
as soon as the equipment or materials containing this substance have been received.
II. The protective devices against beryllium are subject to
suitable qualification
, as well as regular inspections to check their operation.
III. The operator must
monitor the beryllium atmospheric concentration and surface contamination
, as well as making any necessary changes to the zoning strategy.
IV. Prior to receiving this element onsite during the construction or assembly phase, the operator must provide the relevant staff members with
training
on the risks associated with beryllium.
Slide13Reminder of regulator requests during the initial safety licensing process
From
GP
safety
option file report (2002)
The
operator
will
have to
present
(…), in
particular
for
Beryllium
,
the maximum
quantities
present
in the
facility
,
where
they
are
located
,
their
physical
and
chemical
forms
,
their
potential
to
be
spread, and
bring
all
necessary
substantiations
.
Considering
the
toxicity
risk
associated
with
Beryllium
, the confinement concept
is
applicable to
Beryllium
.
Slide14ITER RPrS
Beryllium zoning will be applied during all phases, starting with the construction phase and the safe transportation, delivery and storage of beryllium on the ITER site.
Slide15ITER RPrS
Worker protection provisions will be the following for beryllium-relevant zones:
when the zone has been identified as a beryllium-controlled zone:
access is limited only to beryllium qualified personnel,
specific medical monitoring will be associated with this
beryllium-qualified personnel
,
beryllium monitors will be implemented in the rooms with the main risks,
when the zone has been identified as a breathing protection zone (above
0.2
μ
g/m3
), then the same provisions are considered as for
beryllium-controlled zones
, adding the following requirements:
air breathing masks will be required for personnel entering these zones,
the zones will have higher air renewal rates.
Slide16ITER RPrS
In addition, ITER will apply safety defence-in-depth principles in order to optimize beryllium occupational exposure:
limiting the operations in which workers can be exposed (e.g. limiting beryllium machining preparations)
implementing beryllium zoning
implementing a confinement system in the rooms or zones in which beryllium may be spread in order to avoid personnel exposure, e.g. implementation of specific mobile or fixed confinement systems such as ventilated airlocks (depressurization and filtration)
fixed or mobile detectors implementation in the rooms liable to be exposed to beryllium spread
regular air sampling or smear measurements
specific air breathing systems in the air breathing zones
Slide17ITER RPrS
Only atmospheric releases of beryllium are expected in
ITER (for liquid see slide 26).
The
potential release
(stack height 58m) of
airborne beryllium is estimated at:
during the construction and assembly phase:
6 g
during
the operation phases:
1.5
g
The actual release should not exceed the values estimated in the
RPrS
.
Slide18Answer to GP action - Personal Protective Equipment
Provisions to avoid contamination rely on
Collective measures
Beryllium containment (static, dynamic)
Beryllium zoning
Access control
Beryllium monitoring and detection
Individual measures
(adequate to the level of risk)
Protective clothing
Eye protection
Protecting gloves
Respirators
Etc.
Slide19Reminder of Safety provisions required by ASN regulations against Be risks
To summarize, the following requirements for Beryllium apply:
Slide20Reminder of Safety provisions required by ASN regulations against Be risks
Confinement of Beryllium
The
confinement of beryllium is a fundamental safety function
, that shall be ensured for
the design
, construction and operation of ITER activities and for both inside the facility as well
as outside
the facility, for normal incidental and accidental situations.
[ITER
decree]
This function shall be designed through the implementation of
a
defense
in depth
principle
.
[INB order
]
The confinement of Beryllium shall be ensured
by
two
confinement systems
, based on
static and
dynamic
confinement.
[INB order]
Slide21Reminder of Safety provisions required by ASN regulations against Be risks
Confinement of Beryllium
In the parts of the facility where a risk of spread of dangerous materials exist,
ventilation system
provisions ensure a negative pressure cascade
compared to atmospheric
pressure.
[ITER decree]
According
to the appendix 1 of the “environment decision
”,
the
stack height shall
be calculated with regards to the chemical releases and considering an
over-height imposed
by the distance to the surrounding buildings and their height
.
[ASN decision]
Slide22Reminder of Safety provisions required by ASN regulations against Be risks
Beryllium zoning
A
Beryllium zoning
is implemented when Beryllium comes on site, with
fix or
mobile atmospheric
monitoring
inside Beryllium controlled zones.
[ITER
decree]
Beryllium zoning will be applied
during all phases
, starting with the construction phase and the safe transportation, delivery and storage of beryllium on the ITER site
.
[ITER
RPrS
]
Slide23Reminder of Safety provisions required by ASN regulations against Be risks
Resistance to internal hazards
Slide24Reminder of Safety provisions required by ASN regulations against Be risks
Resistance
to external hazards:
risks induced by industrial activities and communication circuits, including explosion, emissions of dangerous substances and aircraft dropping
earthquakes
lightening and associated EMC
extreme meteorological or climatic conditions
fires
floods originating outside the INB perimeter, including their dynamic effect
m
alicious
acts
a
ny
other external hazard that the regulator may
ask to consider
c
ombination
of these
hazards
[INB order]
All
these hazards shall be considered. It does not mean that the design shall cope with all these, but at least to assess its resistance level to each of these hazards and their combinations.
Slide25Reminder of Safety provisions required by ASN regulations against Be risks
Resistance to internal and external hazards:
These
hazards shall be assessed based on the
defense
in depth principle
, to prevent
and detect
incidents, and to avoid that these incidents become accidents, to recover
the situations
up to normal situations or at least to maintain a safe state, to control and
mitigate accidents
and to manage the accident situations to limit consequences to persons
and members
of the public.
[INB order]
Slide26Reminder of Safety provisions required by ASN regulations against Be risks
Worker protection, training
The operator provides to potentially exposed persons
individual provisions
against Beryllium
, since the reception of components/equipment including
Beryllium
[Decision n°2013-DC-0379
]
Provisions against Beryllium shall be
adequately qualified
, as well as submitted
to periodic tests
[Decision n°2013-DC-0379
]
Before
reception of beryllium on site during construction/assembly phase,
the operator
trains the persons
likely to be exposed a training on Beryllium
risks
[Decision n°2013-DC-0379
]
Slide27Reminder of Safety provisions required by ASN regulations against Be risks
Worker protection, trainingIndividual measures (adequate to the level of risk)
Slide28Reminder of Safety provisions required by ASN regulations against Be risks
Beryllium monitoring
A Beryllium zoning is implemented when Beryllium comes on site, with fix or mobile atmospheric monitoring inside Beryllium controlled zones
.
[ITER
decree]
The
operator implements
a monitoring of atmospheric and surface
contamination of
Beryllium
and modify if necessary the Beryllium
zoning
[Decision n°2013-DC-0379]
Slide29Reminder of Safety provisions required by ASN regulations against Be risks
Beryllium waste management
The waste management requires that
before any production of waste to identify how
to process
these waste, in particular Beryllium waste
, and
to limit as far as possible
and
using best
techniques at economically acceptable the waste volumes stored before
evacuating them
. [ITER
decree].
Only atmospheric releases of beryllium are expected in ITER
. Plasma operations do not generate beryllium in liquid form. However, it is perhaps possible that liquid beryllium will be created in the beryllium laboratory in order to carry out beryllium measurements.
Specific procedures will be put in place in order that liquid beryllium samples are not released in the industrial
effluents (due to agreement with CEA)
and that they are captured and transferred for a specific waste treatment.
The same process of capture will be used for the first rinsing water. Subsequent rinsing water may be released after monitoring as an industrial effluent
. [
RPrS
]
Slide30Thank you for your attention!