Introduction Question Have you ever wondered why we are created Based on observation alone would you say that the mankind is inherently good or inherently bad Why do you think people argue that mankind is basically good ID: 537921
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Slide1
The Doctrine of ManSlide2
Introduction
Question: Have you ever wondered why we are created?
Based on observation alone, would you say that the mankind is inherently good or inherently bad?
Why do you think people argue that mankind is basically good?Slide3
Terminology
Imago Dei = Image of God, these are often used
interchangebly
When discussing the entire human race, the term “man” is used.
Some argue this is too exclusive or too discriminatory
Some say using the word “man” is too insensitive to women. Slide4
Therefore, they argue that more “gender neutral” are more appropriate, such as “humanity,” “humankind,” “human beings,” or “persons”
Some have even said “Let’s get rid of gender altogether”
University of Wisconsin and the LGBT Campus Center Document: Slide5
Current issues (University of Wisconsin)Slide6
Why use the term “man” to stress “all humanity”?
Scriptural evidence
:
Genesis 5:1-2 “When God created man, he made him in the likeness of God. Male and female he created them, and he blessed them
and named them Man
when they were created.”
Hebrew term
adam
–
refers to both for the name Adam and used of man in distinction from woman (Gen. 2:22, 25; 3:12; Eccl. 7:28)Slide7
Why was Man Created
1. For God’s Glory.
Remember: God does not need us or the rest of creation for anything (Independence of God)
However, we and the rest of creation glorify him and bring him joy.
God was not lonely, there was perfect love and fellowship among the members of the TrinitySlide8
God created us for his own glory
Isa. 43:7; Eph. 1:11-12
The fact of being created for God’s glory gives us significance.
We are important to God himself.
Question: If we are truly important to God for all eternity, then what greater measure of importance or significance could we want?Slide9
2. Man’s purpose is to ultimately glorify God.
Psalms 73:25-26; 84:1-2; 10
Man’s purpose is to enjoy God and take delight in him, and in our relationship to him.
Westminster Shorter Catechism: What is the Chief End of Man? Answer: The Chief End of Man is to Glorify God and to Enjoy Him forever. Slide10
Fullness of joy is found in knowing God and delighting in the excellence of his character.
The normal heart attitude of a Christian is rejoicing in the LORD and in the lessons he gives us.
Issue: Doesn’t mankind glorify God mean that God is an egomaniac? Slide11
When we think of people who have an ego problem, we tend to think they are stealing the spot light.
But if God takes glory for himself, from whom is he robbing glory? Does he not deserve all the glory because he himself is the Creator of all we see?Slide12
It is right that God alone be glorified, if he did not receive glory from his creatures then we have to ask why?
Rev. 4:11; Rom. 11:36Slide13
The Image of God (Imago Dei)
Gen. 1:26, “Let us make man in our image, in the image of God he created them.”
From the Genesis account, we are told that man is created in the
image of God
or
Imago Dei
What does it mean that mankind is created in the Image of God?Slide14
Definition
:
Man is in the image of God means that man is like God and represents God.
Hebrew words for “image” and “likeness” refer to something that is
similar
but not identical to the thing is represents or is an image of.
How is man similar to God? Slide15
To try to explain in full detail how man is
like
or
similar
to God is
unnecessary.
Because no such list could fully exhaust the subject.
The text of Gen. 1:26 only needs to affirm that man is like God, and the rest of Scripture fills in the details.Slide16
In order to fully understand how man’s likeness to God would mean that one would have a full understanding of
who
God is in his being.
This is impossible because of the incomprehensibility of God.
However, the more we know about God and man, the more similarities we will recognize. Slide17
Genesis 5:3, - Seth was like Adam but not identical.
Seth was like Adam in many ways, as a son is like his father.
Scripture does not tell us how, but just that Seth was like Adam. Slide18
The Fall and its present Effect on the Imago Dei
Is man still thought to be like God after he sinned?
Scripture speaks to this question: Genesis 9:6
Wayne
Grudem
:
”Even though men are sinful, there is still enough likeness to God remaining in them that to murder another person is to attack the part of creation that most resembles God, and it betrays an attempt or desire (if one were able) to attack God himself.”Slide19
Sin still affects humanity to their core.
He is certainly not as fully like God as he was before.
The Image is distorted, not destroyed. Slide20
What sin affects in man:
1.)
His moral purity
–
lost and his sinful character does not reflect God’s holiness
2.)
His intellect
–
corrupted by falsehood and misunderstanding
3.)
His speech
–
no longer continually glorifies God.
4.)
His relationships
–
governed by selfishness rather than love. Slide21
Since the image of God is distorted, not destroyed. It is important that we understand the full meaning of the image of God, not from simply observation of human beings as they currently exist, but from a biblical view.
God said man and woman was very good (Gen. 1:31)Slide22
The true nature of man in the image of God was seen in the earthly life of Christ.
The full measure of the excellence of our humanity will not be seen until the return of Christ and we have obtained the benefits of our salvation. Slide23
Christ’s Redemption and the Imago Dei
Through Christ’s redemption we can progressively grow into more and more likeness to God.
Example from Scripture: Col. 3:10
The more we practice the spiritual disciplines (reading God’s Word, praying, fasting, gathering with believers) the more we become more like Christ. Slide24
Christ’s Return and the Complete Restoration of God’s Image
Just like we were subjected to death through Adam, so shall we be like Christ. 1 Cor. 15:49
The full measure of our creation in the image of God is not seen in the life of Adam who sinned, nor is it seen in our lives now, for we are imperfect.
The New Testament emphasizes God’s purpose in creating man in his image was completely realized in the person of Jesus Christ. Col. 1:15; Rom. 8:29; 1 John 3:2Slide25
Aspects of Our likeness to God.
1. Moral
–
We are morally accountable before God for our actions. We have an inner sense of right and wrong.
2. Spiritual
–
We have physical bodies plus immaterial spirits. We have a spiritual life that enables us to relate to God as persons, to pray and praise him.
3. Mental
–
We have an ability to reason and think logically and learn that sets us apart from the animal kingdom. Use of complex, abstract language. Human creativity. Slide26
4. Relational
–
Interpersonal relationship skills (i.e. marriage)
5. Physical aspects
–
does not imply that God has a physical body, but that we reflect God in our physical features. (eyes to see, ears to hear) Slide27
Practical Applications of the Image of God.
Since all humanity is created in the image of God, it should inform our positions on certain issues:
1.
Sanctity of Human Life
–
we, as Christians, should be against abortion because abortion snuffs out the image of God. All life is precious. This also includes standing against
euthansia
2.
Race Relations
- we value all lives as important because they are created in the image of God. Slide28
Practical Applications of the Image of God.
3.
Pornography/Sex Trafficking
–
we understand
that
pornography and sex trafficking as devaluing women and girls for the objectification of men. Therefore we stand against it. Slide29
Male and Female
Gender Roles: Equal but different Slide30
Introduction
Gen. 1:27 “So God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them.”
The creation of man as male and female shows God’s image in
(1) harmonious interpersonal relationships
(2) equality in personhood and importance,
(3) difference in role and authoritySlide31
Personal Relationships
God did not make us to live in isolation but within the context of relationships
God creating two distinct persons a male and female is part of our being in the image of God because it can be seen to reflect to some degree the plurality of persons in the Trinity.Slide32
Equality and Importance
The discussion on the Man as male and female find their foundation in the doctrine of the Trinity.
In the Trinity, each person is equal in importance and in their full existence as distinct persons.
Men and women have been created by God to be equal in their importance and personhood.Slide33
Equality and Importance
Men and Women are made
equally in God’s image
and both men and women reflect God’s character in their lives
Therefore, we should see aspects of God’s character reflected in each other’s lives.
Both men and women reflect God’s image and character in their differencesSlide34
Equality and Importance
Men and women are
equally important and equally valuable to God.
Our equality as persons before God, reflecting the equality of persons in the Trinity, should lead naturally to men and women giving honor to one another. Example: Prov. 31; 1 Cor. 11:11
–
12
At Pentecost, the Holy Spirit is poured out in new power on the church, and men and women bother are given to minister in remarkable waysSlide35
Equality and Importance
Paul regards every Christian as a valuable member of the body of Christ. 1 Corinthians 12:7, 11; 1 Peter 4:10
Equality before God is emphasized in the ceremony of baptism. Acts 2:41
In the old covenant, the sign of membership of God’s people was circumcision, which was given only to men.
Now in the new covenant, the sign of the covenant is baptism, which is given to both men and women. Slide36
Equality and Importance
The true dignity of godly manhood and womanhood can be fully realized only in obedience to God’s redeeming wisdom found in Scripture. Slide37
Difference in Roles
How are men and women different in their roles?
1.
The Relationship between the Trinity and Male Headship in Marriage
Just like the Trinity has differences in roles, so do men and women.
If humans are to reflect the character of God, then we would expect some similar differences in roles among human beings.
1 Corinthians 11:3.
Just like the Father has authority over the Son, they are equal in deity.
So in marriage, the husband has authority over the wife, though they are equal in personhood. Slide38
Differences in Roles
2.
Indications of Distinct Roles before the Fall
A. Adam Was Created First, then Eve.
Genesis 2:7, 18
–
23
God created Adam first to have the leadership role in the family.
B. Eve was Created as a Helper for Adam.
Genesis 2:18
Scripture specifies that God made Eve for Adam, not Adam for Eve.
C. God Spoke to Adam first after the fall.
Genesis 2:15
–
17
After the fall, God came first to Adam and called him to account for his actions. Genesis 3:9
God thought of Adam as the leader of his family, so he is to give an account for his actions Slide39
Differences in Roles
D. The Curse Brought a Distortion of Previous Roles, not the Introduction of New Roles.
When God gave the punishments to Adam and Eve, he did not introduce new roles or
functions, but introduced pain and distortion into the functions they previously had.
Genesis 3:16
–
19
E. Redemption in Christ Reaffirms the creation order
After the fall, a woman’s desire is to rule over the man, while the man’s desire is to
rule harshly over the woman.
In Christ, both the roles of the man and woman are to subject to Christ. Ephesians 5:
22
–
33, Colossians 3:18
–
19; Titus 2:5; 1 Peter 3:1 - 7
Slide40
Differences in Roles
New Testament commands concerning marriage do not perpetuate (teach) any elements of the curse or any sinful behavior patterns, rather they reaffirm the order and distinction of roles that were there from the beginning of God’s good creation.
Practical Application:
As we grow in maturity in Christ, we will grow in our delight in and rejoice in the God-ordained and wisely created differences in roles within the human family.
There is eternal beauty and dignity and rightness in the differentiation in roles both within the Trinity and within the human family. Slide41
Ephesians 5:21 –
33: The Question of Mutual Submission
The debate in this passage centers around the word “be subject to” (
hypotasso
)
Hypotasso
implies a relationship of
submission to an authority.
Uses elsewhere in the NT:
Submission of Jesus to his parents (Luke 2:51)
Demons being subject to the disciples (Luke 10:17)
Citizens being subject to government authorities (Rom. 13:1)
The Universe being subject to Christ (1 Cor. 15:27; Eph. 1:22)Slide42
In all of these references, none of these relationships is
ever reversed
The term is used outside the NT to describe the submission and obedience of soldiers in an army to those of superior rank. Slide43
So, what about the term “mutual submission?”
Wayne
Grudem
argues the context of Ephesians 5:21 does not affirm the idea of mutual submission (everyone should be subject to everyone)Slide44
The Essential Nature of ManSlide45
Introduction
How many parts are there to man?
All agree that we have physical bodies.
Most people, both Christians and non-Christians, believe that man has an immaterial soul that lives on after we die.
But how does this all work together? Slide46
Definition of Terms
Trichotomy
–
The view that man is made up of three parts
–
”body” “soul” and “spirit”
Dichotomy
–
The view that man is made up of two parts
–
“body” and “soul”
Monism
–
The view that man is only one element, and that his body is the person. Slide47
Trichotomy
Common view in popular evangelical Bible teaching, but hard to defend.
According to the
trichotomists
view, the man’s soul is his intellect, his emotions, and his will.
They maintain that
the spirit
can either serve God or be yielded to sin
.
Man’s spirit comes alive when one is converted (Romans 8:10)Slide48
Dichotomy
Those who support of the dichotomist view agree that Scripture uses “spirit” more frequently to refer to man’s relationship with God.
However, this usage is not uniform, and the word “soul” can be used in the ways “spirit” is used. Slide49
Monism
This view is outside the realm of evangelical thought.
They argue that man cannot exist at all apart from the physical body.
“Soul” and “Spirit” are just other expressions for “person.
This view is not adopted by evangelical thought because Scripture affirms that our “souls” or “spirits” live on after we die. Slide50
Biblical Data
The emphasis of Scripture is the overall unity of man.
Genesis 2:7 God ”breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living being.
Adam is a unified person with body and soul living and acting together.
We are to grow in holiness and love for God in every aspect of our lives, in body and soul (1 Cor. 7:34)Slide51
Biblical Evidence
1.
Scripture uses “Soul” and ”Spirit” Interchangeably
Soul
–
Greek
psyche,
Hebrew
nephesh
Spirit
–
Greek
pneuma
,
Hebrew
ruach
These terms are often used interchangeably for each other to the point where they mean the same thing
Biblical Examples: John 13:21; Luke 1:46-47;Slide52
2.
At Death, Scripture Says Either the “Soul” departs or the “Spirit” departs
Biblical examples:
OT: Rachel’s death (Genesis 35:18), Elijah prays that a dead child’s ”soul” would come into him again (1 Kings 17:21)
NT: Luke 12:20.
Other places in both the OT and NT, death is viewed as the spirit returning to God, (i.e. Luke 23:46; Ecclesiastes 12:7)
Slide53
3.
The “Soul” Can Sin or the “Spirit” Can Sin.
NOTE: The term “spirit” is not talking about the Holy Spirit, but the spirit of man.
The
Trichotomist
will argue that the ”soul” can sin but the “spirit” is more purer and is prompted by the Holy Spirit. However, this is not supported by any Biblical text.
Biblical Evidence: 2 Cor. 7:1; Ps. 78:8; Isa. 29:24; Dan. 5:20 Slide54
Deficiencies in the Trichotomists
view
1. Scripture seems to affirm the interchangeableness of both “spirit” and ”soul”
2. Adoption of Greek philosophy concerning the body and soul.
Body/Material World = bad and must be escaped from.
Spirit = Good.
Problem with Greek Philosophy: What to do with Gen. 1:31 where God declares our physical bodies as very good. Slide55
Deficiencies in the Trichotomists
view
3. It can tend to be anti-intellectual
Some argue that any further academic work is unspiritual, which contradicts Jesus’ command to love God with our minds (Mark 12:30)
4. It can
subtlely
influence us to think our emotions are not important or spiritual. Slide56
Origin of the Soul
Question: Where do our souls come from?
Two common views: Creationism and
traducianism
One other popular view: Pre
–
existentianism
Slide57
Origin of the Soul
1. Creationism
God creates a new soul for each person and sends it to that person’s body sometime between conception and birth.
This became the prevailing view in the Roman Catholic Church. John Calvin also held this view.
2.
Traducianism
the soul as well as the body of the child are inherited from the baby’s mother and father at the time of conception.
Martin Luther held to this view. Slide58
Origin of the Soul
3. Pre
–
existentianism
Souls of people exist in heaven long before their bodies are conceived in the wombs of their mothers.
God then brings the soul to earth to be joined with the baby’s body as he or she grows in the womb.
This view is not held by either Roman Catholics or Protestants.
It is dangerously close to the teachings of reincarnation.
There is no biblical support support for this viewSlide59
Origin of the Soul
So, what is the origin of the soul?
Scripture affirms that God actively creates each human soul, just as he is active in all the events of his creation.
The degree to which he allows the use of intermediate or secondary causes (i.e. inheritance from parents) is not explained to us in Scripture.