Christopher W Ashcraft MS MEd Big Bang vs Creation Origin of Stars Solar System Evidence of Design Age of the Cosmos Are we being told all the evidence or just selected information to support a particular idea ID: 422303
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "The Origin of Stars" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
The Origin of Stars
Christopher W. Ashcraft M.S., M.Ed. MTMS.Slide2
Big Bang vs. Creation
Origin of StarsSolar System: Evidence of DesignAge of the Cosmos
Are we being told all the evidence or just selected information to support a particular idea?
Creation CosmologySlide3
The Origin of Stars
The Bible Earth created on day 1 The sun, moon, and stars on day 4
Evolution
Stars evolved billions of years before the earth
Theistic evolution
Stars evolved billions of years before the earthSlide4
Is this statement consistent with the Bible?
Hugh Ross (Astronomer), “Species Development: Natural Process or Divine Action,” Audiotape (Pasadena, CA: Reasons to Believe, 1990).
The Origin of Stars
“The entire process of stellar evolution is by natural process alone. We do not have to invoke Divine intervention at any stage in the history of the life-cycle of the stars that we observe.”Slide5
When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained;
Psalms 8:3Slide6
And God made two great lights; the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night: he made the stars also.
(Genesis 1:16) Lift up your eyes on high, and behold who hath created these things, that bringeth out their host by number:… (Isaiah 40:26)The Origin of StarsSlide7
By the word of the Lord were the heavens made; and
all the host of them. (Ps 33:6) Praise him, sun and moon, praise him, all you shining stars….for he commanded and they were created. (Ps 148:3-5) Thou, even thou, are Lord alone; thou hast made heaven, the heaven of heavens, with all
their host…
(Nehemiah 9:6)
The Origin of StarsSlide8
He determines the number of the stars and calls them each by name.
(Psalm 147:4)Slide9
Nebula TheorySlide10
NebulaSlide11
Stellar lifecycleSlide12
Nebular solar system formationSlide13
Nebula
Gas and dust clouds will expand NOT contract
Star Formation and Physics
The popular theory
is that stars form from vast clouds of gas and dust through gravitational contraction.Slide14
Don
DeYoung (Ph.D. in Physics), Astronomy and the Bible, 2000, p. 84.
continued
Star Formation
“The complete birth of a star has never been observed. The principles of physics demand some special conditions for star formation and also for a long time period. A cloud of hydrogen gas must be compressed to a sufficiently small size so that gravity dominates.Slide15
In space, however, almost every gas cloud is light-years in size, hundreds of times greater than the critical size needed for a stable star. As a result, outward gas pressures cause these clouds to spread out farther, not contract.”Slide16
Fred Whipple,
The Mystery of Comets, (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institute Press, 1985), pp. 211, 213.Star Formation“Precisely how a section of an interstellar cloud collapses gravitationally into a star … is still a challenging theoretical problem… Astronomers have yet to find an interstellar cloud in the actual process of collapse.”Slide17
Danny Faulkner, Ph.D. Astronomy
Star Formationcontinued
“Most astronomers believe that the clouds gradually contract under their own weight to form stars. This process has never been observed, but if it did occur, it would take many human lifetimes. Slide18
It is known that clouds do not spontaneously collapse to form stars. The clouds possess considerable mass, but they are so large that their gravity is very feeble. Any decrease in size would be met by an increase in gas pressure that would cause a cloud to re-expand.” Slide19
Star Formation Theories
ContractionCooling CollisionSlide20
Supernova and Star BirthSlide21
Galaxy CollisionSlide22
Hannes
Alfven (Nobel prize winner), Gustaf Arrhenius, “Evolution of the Solar System”, NASA, 1976, p. 480.Star Formation
“There is general belief that stars are forming by gravitational collapse; in spite of vigorous efforts no one has yet found any observational indication of conformation. Thus the ‘generally accepted’ theory of stellar formation may be one of a hundred unsupported dogmas which constitute a large part of present-day astrophysics.”Slide23
Charles Lada and Frank Shu (both astronomers), “The Formation of
Sunlike Stars,” Science, 1990, p. 572.Star Formation
“Despite numerous efforts, we have yet to directly observe the process of stellar formation…. The origin of stars represents one of the fundamental unsolved problems of contemporary astrophysics.”Slide24
Eagle nebula
Do pictures confirm stars are forming?
Star NurseriesSlide25
Embryonic Stars in the Trifid
NebulaSlide26
Embryonic Stars in the Trifid
NebulaSlide27
Star Nurseries
Martin Rees (A leading researcher on cosmic evolution), Before the Beginning, 1998, p. 19.
“Stars are still forming today. About 1500 light-years away lies the Orion Nebula: enough gas and dust to make millions of stars…. It even contains
protostars
that are still condensing …”Slide28
Images taken by the European Southern Observatory
Very Large Telescope in January 2002 of the Horsehead Nebula in Orion verified that the structures are
expanding.
Star NurseriesSlide29
Ron Cowen, “Rethinking an Astronomical Icon: The Eagle’s EGG, Not So Fertile,”
Science News, Vol. 161, 16 March 2002, pp. 171–172.What did they find?
“NASA’s claim in 1995 that these pictures showed hundreds to thousands of stars forming was based on the speculative ‘EGG-star formation theory.’ It has recently been tested independently with two infrared detectors that can see inside the dusty pillars.
Star NurseriesSlide30
Few stars were there, and 85% of the pillars had too little dust and gas to support star formation. ‘The new findings also highlight how much astronomers still have to learn about star formation.’”
No star nurseriesSlide31
200 billion stars per galaxy (2x10
11)Universe 20 billion years old (2x1010)
100 Billion x 200 Billion
20 billion
1 trillion stars per year
2.7 billion stars per day
31,700 stars per second
100 billion galaxies (10
11
)
Star Formation and TimeSlide32
“The truth is that we don’t understand star formation at a fundamental level.”
Abraham Loeb, (Harvard Center for Astrophysics), quoted by Marcus Chown,
“
Let there be Light”,
New Scientist
, Feb 7, 1998,
Conclusion on Star FormationSlide33
SunSlide34
Our Sun: Mediocre?
“Who are we? What are we? We find that we live on an insignificant planet of a humdrum star lost in a galaxy tucked away in some forgotten corner of a universe in which there are far more galaxies than people.” Carl Sagan Slide35
Sun Power and SizeSlide36
A Special Place
Type G: only 9 percent of all stars. About 80 percent of all stars are Class M, which flare often and would kill us from radiation.Slide37
Unusually Quiet and Gentle
One recent 30-year study: photosphere is “constant in temperature”“Sun-like stars normally produce a bright superflare about once a century…Why a superflare
has not occurred on the Sun in recorded history is unclear. ‘I think a consensus is emerging that our Sun is extraordinarily stable
’.”
‘Thank our lucky star’,
New Scientist
,
161
(2168):15, 1999
Quotes - Galen
Gisler
, an astronomer at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New MexicoSlide38
Designed Just for Us
If too massive: would be unstable. If not massive enough: Earth would have to be too close, would be tidally locked. Its position in the galaxy is vital for life. Its galactic orbit is more nearly circular than about 80 percent of nearby stars.Slide39
V838 Mon
The AlternativeSlide40
About 85 Percent of Stars are in Binary or Multiple SystemsSlide41
Binary star systemSlide42
Betelgeuse
in the OrionConstellation
1,180 times the diameter of the sun.
It could contain more than 1.6 billion suns.
640 light years away Slide43
Canis
MajorisAlmost twice the size of Betelgeuse2100 times the diameter of the sun.Slide44
Canis
Majoris23,100 times the diameter of the Earth,
7 quadrillion times Earth’s volumeSlide45Slide46
Observed: 2 km/s
Required: over 400 km/sAngular MomentumSlide47
Angular Momentum
Problem“There is a fundamental and insuperable difficulty with the model as described. A striking characteristic of the solar system is that the planets with about 1/700th of the mass of the system, in their orbital motion account for over 99% of its angular momentum. There seems to be no way in which an initially diffuse nebula could evolve so as to partition mass and angular momentum in that way. It turns out… that the angular momentum problem is one of the most important hurdles to be negotiated by any plausible theory for the origin of the solar system.”
Dormand
and
Woolfson
,
The Origin of the Solar System: the capture theory
,
1989, p. 14Slide48
“The problem of the outward transfer of angular momentum has been a vexing dilemma for models attempting to explain the origin of the solar system…
“This is the rock on which most theories for the formation of the solar system have foundered…“Theories for the origin of the solar system have, in general, failed to deal with this fundamental question.”
Stuart Ross Taylor,
Solar System Evolution: A New Perspective
, 1992, p. 54Slide49
An Old Problem
“During the 1970s the solar nebula concept became established as a fundamental assumption of astronomy, notwithstanding that its two-hundred-year-old problems had not been resolved.” Dormand and Woolfson, p. 47Slide50
The Early Faint Sun Paradox
The Sun is burning by thermonuclear reactions. Over time, this changes the composition of the core of the Sun, and alters its temperature. If the Sun is 4.6 billion years old, it should have brightened by nearly 40% over this time.
Life supposedly arose 3.8 billion years ago. Back then, the Sun would have been 25% dimmer.
Slide51
The Early Faint Sun Paradox
Energy by thermonuclear fusion
The core of the sun should alter and the sun should grow brighter with age
If the sun is 4.6 billion years old, it should have brightened by about 40%
40% BrighterSlide52
The Early Faint Sun Paradox
Earth average temperature (59
O
F or 15
O
C)
A 25% increase in brightness increases the average temperature by about 32
O
F (18
O
C)
(59
o
– 32
o
=
27
o
F (-2.78
o
C) Avg. temp
FreezingSlide53
Faint Sun Paradox cont’d
The average temperature on Earth would have been about 30 degrees F: below the freezing point of water.Earth would have been an ice planet.Yet evolutionists believe the average temperature of Earth hasn’t changed.
Of course, this isn’t a problem if the Sun is really thousands of years old.Slide54
The Origin of Stars
Christopher W. Ashcraft M.S., M.Ed.Slide55
Creation Cosmology
Chris Ashcraft
Northwest Creation Network
www.nwcreation.net
& Galaxy FormationSlide56
Galaxy Formation
M51 The Whirlpool Galaxy
Spiral Galaxy M101Slide57Slide58
Formation of Galaxies
“Many aspects of the evolution of galaxies cannot yet be determined with any certainty.”Joseph Silk (Professor of Astronomy at the University of Oxford), The Big Bang, 2001, p. 195.Slide59
Galaxies
“There shouldn’t be galaxies out there at all, and even if there are galaxies,…The problem of explaining the existence of galaxies has proved to be one of the thorniest in cosmology.”James Trefil, Ph.D. Physics, The Dark Side of the Universe
, 1988, p. 3 & 55.Slide60
Galaxy Formation
“Galaxies must have condensed out of the gases expanding from the big bang….Details of the formation of galaxies are still highly uncertain, as is their subsequent evolution.”
The Facts on File Dictionary of
Astronomy, 1994, p. 172.
Why is this any more scientific than:
In the beginning God created…Slide61
Heavens DeclareSunSlide62
Sun Flares