God grant me the serenity to accept the things I cannot change the courage to change the things I can and the wisdom to know the difference Reinhold Niebuhr Class Conduct ID: 316779
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Slide1
THE SERENITY PRAYER
“God, grant me the serenity to accept the things I cannot change, the courage to change the things I can, and the wisdom to know the difference.”
Reinhold Niebuhr
Slide2
Class Conduct:
40-10-40
Questions
Opinions
We will discuss and hopefully clarify the reading for the week.
Please try to bring the book to class; it will help you follow the discussion.Slide3
Class Conduct:
Materials from other books by Seligman and others.
You will also have the opportunity to take self-assessment surveys, evaluated only by you and confidential.
Something to write with and on
FolderSlide4
Two ways to take the class…
Read the book and listen in class – academic exercise. That is good.
Participate and try some relevant interventions and see if they work for you. That is better.
These activities will help you understand Positive Psychology and perhaps will increase your Well-Being.Slide5
Flourish -
Martin Seligman
Positive Psychology; how to go from plus two to plus seven.
Research Based
Internal, External Validity
Correlation and Causation
Random Assignment Placebo-Controlled
Not 100% PredicableSlide6
Positive Psychology
Well-Being
OptimismSlide7
Well-Being
P
ositive Emotion
E
ngagement – a.k.a.
Flow
R
elationships
M
eaning
A
ccomplishment
Pursued For-its-own-sake Slide8
Optimism
Inherited
Can be developed
Used in a flexible, planned manner Slide9
Benefits
Prevent PTSD
Reduce the incidence of CVD
Reduce the incidence of infectious diseases
Lead to a longer and fuller lifespanSlide10
Introduction
Monism
verses
Pluralism
Experimental Realism
Correlation
and
Causation
. Slide11
1. Philosophical Topic
Monism
Reduces all human motives to one
Everything has a singular cause
Pluralism
Many factors can motivate behaviorSlide12
Psychological Experiments
Individuals differ
What most people do most of the time under a given set of circumstances
Conclusions may not be precise for all peopleSlide13
2. Realism
Experimental Realism
The experiment feels real to the subjects even though they never have the same experience in daily life.
Mundane Realism
The experiment is similar to events in the outside worldSlide14
Learned Helplessness
Mid 1960s
Nothing you do will alter events
Relevant factor in anxiety and depressionSlide15
Learned Helplessness
TRIADIC DESIGN
Subjects are divided into three groups
One group (
ESCAPABLE
) is exposed to a noxious event that they can escape
One group (
INESCAPABLE
) is exposed to the same event but can’t make it stop no matter what they do
A third group is the
CONTROL
group.Slide16
Part 1
ESCAPABLE
and
INESCAPABLE
groups are exposed to the same noxious event
ESCAPABLE
learn that what they do can make a difference
INESCAPABLE
learn they are helpless.
CONTROL
group does not participate in Part 1.Slide17
Part 2
All three groups participate
“shuttle box”
The subject puts their hand in one side of a box; then a loud noise sounds.
If the subject moves his hand a few inches to the other side, the noise goes off.Slide18
Learned Helplessness
ESCAPABLE
group and the
CONTROL
group readily learn to move their hand to escape the noise.
INESCAPABLE
group typically do not move.
They learned in Part 1 that what they do doesn’t matter,
So in Part 2 they do not try to escape.Slide19
TRIADIC DESIGN
ESCAPABLE, INESCAPABLE
, and
CONTROL
Bi-directional inferences
Does helplessness damage a person?
Do the inescapable do worse than the control group?
Does mastery strengthen a person?
Do the escapable subjects perform better than the control group? Slide20
Learned Helplessness
About one-third of the subjects, both animal and human never became helpless!
About one-tenth were helpless to begin with.
Led to the exploration of Optimism/Pessimism and their relation to Learned Helplessness Slide21
Optimism
Helplessness
(1975)
Little is made of the resistant and already helpless subjects
Makes no mention of OptimismSlide22
Psychological Experiments
All subjects did not behave the same way
Resulting
experimental realism
was of valueSlide23
CORRELATION ≠ CAUSATION
CORRELATION
Either
when one goes up the other almost ALWAYS goes up
Or
when one goes up the other almost ALWAYS goes downSlide24
CORRELATION ≠ CAUSATION
Strong Positive Correlation:
Church Attendance
Consumption of Alcohol
Does one cause the other?
Is there a third variable causing both?Slide25
CORRELATION ≠ CAUSATION
Population is a common factor that causes both…
Attempt to eliminate possible third variables
To establish what appears to be a plausible causal relationship.
The reason for random assignments to groups Slide26
PLEASE…
BRING YOUR BOOK TO CLASS
SOMETHING TO WRITE WITH
SOMETHING TO WRITE ON
SOME KIND OF FOLDERSlide27
THE SENILITY PRAYER
Grant me the senility to forget the people I never liked anyway, the good fortune to run into the ones I do, and the eyesight to tell the difference.