that promoted the industry Mark Jones Veterinarian Head of Policy Born Free Foundation South Africa Parliamentary Colloquium August 2018 Use Helvetica for copy INSERT TITLE TEXT HERE BORN FREE ID: 1040282
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1. Genesis of Captive Lion Breeding for Hunting and the factors that promoted the industry Mark Jones, VeterinarianHead of PolicyBorn Free FoundationSouth Africa Parliamentary Colloquium August 2018
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3. BORN FREEWe work tirelessly to ensure that all wild animals, whether living in captivity or in the wild, are treated with compassion and respect and are able to live their lives according to their needs. We oppose the exploitation of wild animals in captivity and campaign to keep wildlife in the wild. We promote Compassionate Conservation to enhance the survival of threatened species in the wild and protect natural habitats while respecting the needs and safeguarding the welfare of individual animals.
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5. Use Helvetica for copyINSERT TITLE TEXT HEREApril 2018
6. BackgroundVulnerable43% inferred continental decline 1993-2014Persist across only 8% of historic range60%+ decline across most of Africa12% increase in four Southern African countries3,155 wild and managed-wild lions in South Africa As few as 20,000 remainWest Africa – Critically EndangeredRecently extirpated in 12-16 African countriesFurther declines predicted
7. BackgroundIUCN Red List (2016)Indiscriminate killing (Human-lion conflict)Prey-base depletionTrophy hunting (positive or negative)Use of lion bones in trade(Disease)CMS/CITES African lion Range State meeting (May 2016)Unfavourable policies, practices and political factorsIneffective lion population managementHabitat degradation and reduction of prey baseHuman-lion conflictAdverse socio-economic factorsInstitutional weaknessIncreasing trade in lion bones
8. Lion breeding industryCaptive lions2009 – >3,000 lions (SAPBA)2015 – 6,000 lions in more than 200 facilities – mainly NW Province and Free State8-10,000 predators in almost 300 facilitiescould reach 12,000 in coming years (Blood Lions)Several hundred tigers, also leopards, cheetahs, servals and others.
9. Lion breeding industryCommercial ExploitationCub petting‘Voluntourism’Walking with lionsCanned huntingTrade in bones and other productsBreeding cycle“…limited conservation value…” (BMP African lion 2015)
10. Trophy exports
11. Lion breeding industryCaptive-bred bone tradeThreatens wild lions and other big catsLegitimizes product and stimulates demandIncentivises poachingFacilitates launderingLinks to wildlife traffickingLinks to donkey meat and skin trade
12. Lion bone exports?
13. Lion bone exportsPoaching of captive-bred predatorsA total of 22 captive lion and tigers were killed or subjected to an attempted killing in 2016. A total of 27 captive lion and tigers were killed or subjected to an attempted killing in 2017. A total of 21 captive lion and tigers have been killed in 2018 to date (July 2018).
14. “…terminate the practice of breeding lions in captivity for the purpose of 'canned shooting' through a structured, time-bound process……restrict captive breeding of lions to registered zoos or registered facilities whose documented mandate is as a recognised, registered conservation project…”Criticism
15. Dispute among hunters
16. Dispute among hunters“SCI opposes the hunting of African lions bred in captivity” (Feb 2018)“The DSC does not support the practice of captive bred lion hunting” (Jan 2018)
17. DEA:Mission: Providing leadership in environmental management, conservation and protection towards sustainability for the benefit of South Africans and the global community“Captive lions are used exclusively to generate money and currently have limited conservation value”Official attitudesLacks data on the number of facilities, the number of animals, the number of jobs reliant on the industry, or any centralised database of permitsNo credible evidence that trade in bones from captive-bred lions will protect wild lions/other big catsLack of any realistic stakeholder engagement on this issue beyond those with vested interests in the industrySetting of quotas required by annotation agreed at CITES CoP17 has not been subject to due process Claims breeding of lions in captivity for hunting and trade is compatible with the concept of promoting the ‘green economy’
18. Animal welfare concernsIUCN motion:“…develop norms and standards for the management of captive-bred lions in South Africa that address welfare, biodiversity and utilisation aspects…”DEA – no mandateDAFF – no welfare standardsAnimal Protection Act and the Performing Animals Act were not intended to deal with the welfare of wild animals in captivity
19. Animal welfare concernsAssociation with trade in donkeys for meat and skinsNSPCA concerns over slaughter methods
20. The world’s primary destination for hunters who wish to hunt captive-bred lionsThe world’s largest exporter of lion bones and skeletonsBRAND SOUTH AFRICA
21. “I think it has already damaged Brand South Africa.”“Our first step is to be in one mind as a country about whether we want this – is this something that we feel proud of as a nation? My feeling is I’m not proud of it.”BRAND SOUTH AFRICADerek Hanekom, South Africa Minister for Tourism, 2015
22. BRAND SOUTH AFRICA
23. BRAND SOUTH AFRICA“By allowing well meaning volunteers to cuddle and feed cute cubs, and even to charge them for the privilege, South Africa has shown that it is willing to exploit not just its wildlife, but its tourists.”“This has a huge impact on the public’s ability to trust the tourist industry there, and may have a knock on effect on South Africa’s genuinely ethical wildlife sanctuaries and conservation initiatives.”
24. “It is unclear why the DEA would choose to support the business interests of a small group of people driven by the desire to make profit from lions and their body parts at the expense of good conservation practice, and inthe face of overwhelming international criticism.”Conclusions
25. Conclusions“If we are to secure a future for Africa’s lions, the lion breeding and canned hunting industries must be closed down, with responsibility resting squarely with the South African government for ensuring that such a process is conducted with intelligence, humanity, and above all compassion for the animals concerned.”
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