Endocrine System Griffin, Julia, Addison, Marissa - PowerPoint Presentation

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Endocrine System

Griffin, Julia, Addison, Marissa

Endocrine System

The endocrine system is a group of glands that produces hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, reproduction, sleep, and mood.

The main function is to remove material from the to be distributed to other parts of the body. It works similar to a feedback system, like a thermostat.

Definition of

hormone

: A hormone is a chemical produced by the body that regulates certain cells and organs.

Parts of the System

The major parts of the endocrine system is made up of the pituiary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, the ovaries, and testicles.

The pituiary gland is one of the most important parts of the endocrine system because it produces hormones that control other endocrine glands. It is located at the base of the brain.

The thyroid gland is positioned at the lower-front part of the neck and produces thyroid hormones that regulate metabolism.

Parts of the System (cont.)

The parathyroid glands are a pair of glands that are located next to the thyroid gland to control bone metabolism and calcium levels.

The adrenal glands produce corticosteroids and catecholamines. Corticosteroids balances the levels of salt and water in the body while catecholamines help the deal with physical or emotional stress by controlling heart rate and blood pressure.

The pancreas has both digestive and hormonal functions, including digesting food and controlling insulin and glucagon levels. The pancreas is located behind the stomach.

Parts of the System -

Sexual Organs

Testes produce hormones called androgens which is an important factor in producing testosterone. These hormones affect male traits such as facial hair as well as sperm.

Ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone as well as eggs. These hormones affect female characteristics such as breast growth.

Role In Homeostasis

The Endocrine System produces hormones that are utilized by all body systems. These hormones are a key role in maintaining homeostasis.

One part of the system, the thyroid produces two hormones that are responsible for metabolism, or maintaining body temperature.

A negative feedback loop is used to maintain homeostasis: once a hormone is at an optimal level, a signal is sent to various glands to stop the production of hormones

If hormones are lacking, signals are sent to the same glands in order to increase production

How The System Interacts With Other body systems

Digestive System-The pancreas (from endocrine system) produces the hormone insulin which helps break down sugars

Circulatory System-The hormones created in Endocrine system are transported by the circulatory system to deliver the hormones to the organs that require them

Nervous System-By producing hormones that are used by various organs around the body, the hormones of the endocrine system affect nerves around the whole body

Use Of Insulin In The Body

Insulin - A hormone produced in the pancreas which helps to regulate the amount of sugar in our blood stream

The way insulin reacts or if it’s present in the body will cause a type of diabetes depending on the condition

Insulin makes sure there is not too much sugar in the bloodstream and can store sugar for later use if not necessary

Type 1 diabetes is caused by the body not being able to produce insulin

Type 2 diabetes is caused by the body being resistant to the insulin itself and therefore it not having any effect on the body

Use Of Glucagon In The Body

Glucagon - A hormone produced in the pancreas that can break down glycogen to make glucose

Glucagon can convert glycogen into glucose for use if the sugar in the bloodstream is too low and needs more

If glucagon does not work properly it can cause what is called hypoglycemia which is when there is not enough sugar in the bloodstream

Not having enough sugar in the bloodstream can cause someone to pass out due to not having enough energy

How Glucagon And Insulin Work Together

Both Glucagon and Insulin help to regulate sugar in the bloodstream

If there is not enough sugar in the bloodstream, Glucagon will add more sugar to the bloodstream and Insulin will make sure there is not too much released

If there is too much sugar in the bloodstream, Insulin will store more sugar in the liver and Glucagon will help to make sure that the blood sugar levels do not reach a level that is too low

If Glucagon does not work properly with Insulin this can cause side effects such as hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia

Hypoglycemia is when there is not enough sugar in the bloodstream and hyperglycemia is when there is too much sugar in the bloodstream

Diseases of the Endocrine System

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Type 1 & 2 Diabetes

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Osteoporosis

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Hypothyroidism

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Thyroid Cancer

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And more…

Which diseases will be covered

Type 2 Diabetes

Thyroid Cancer

What is Type 2 Diabetes

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Chronic condition

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Very common. 3 Million cases per year

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A problem with the body that causes glucose levels to rise higher than normal

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Causes the body to develop an insulin resistance

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Overtime the abnormal glucose levels can affect other major organs; eyes, nerves, kidneys, and the heart

Thyroid Cancer

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Rare condition (fewer than 200,000 cases each year)

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Can be resolved within months if treated

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Affects the thyroid gland at the base of the neck

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Normally the hormones produced by the

Thyroid regulate digestion, heart rate, and body temperature

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With cancer affecting the thyroid gland, the build up of cancerous cells prevent the thyroid from doing its job

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Can also spread to other nearby tissues and organs

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Bibliography

http://www.livescience.com/26496-endocrine-system.html

http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3783

http://www.emedicinehealth.com/anatomy_of_the_endocrine_system/page2_em.htm#hypothalamus

http://www.endocrineweb.com/conditions/type-1-diabetes/what-insulin

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucagon