BIOMASS ENERGY PRODUCTION Peter Sexton Lon Hall Mike Plumer Bob Berg amp Jesse Hall Plant Science Dept SDSU Corn Soybean Timeline Advantages of growing rye between corn and soybean crops ID: 697191
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Slide1
INTENSIFYING THE CORN-SOYBEAN ROTATION WITH THE USE OF WINTER RYE FOR
BIOMASS ENERGY PRODUCTION
Peter Sexton, Lon Hall, Mike
Plumer, Bob Berg, & Jesse Hall, Plant Science Dept., SDSUSlide2
Corn – Soybean TimelineSlide3
Advantages of growing rye between corn and soybean crops:
Provide biomass or forage productionHelp protect the soil from erosion and improvesoil quality
Help suppress winter annual weedsDiverse market opportunities (hay, grain, fuel) Low establishment cost – flexible entry and exit for producersDoes not seriously disrupt grain crop cycleSlide4Slide5
Soil microbial biomass in May following oat/rye, and annual grass, cover crops established the previous season in comparison to a control (fallow) treatment. Data are from an Ohio study with no-till corn harvested for silage (
Fae
, et al., 2009).Slide6
Average concentration of nitrate in soil
leachate from side by side plots in Maryland. Each bar is a five-year average for the first reading of the year (January) from 1991 through 1995 (redrawn from Staver
and Brinsfield, 1998).Slide7
Methods and Approach
Compare method of rye establishment (in progress)
inter-seeding into corn direct seeding after corn harvest after corn hybrids with varying maturity
Measure rye biomass productionEvaluate effects on yield of the following soybean cropWork has been initiated at three sites:
SDSU Northeast Research Farm (45
o
N latitude)
SDSU Southeast Research Farm (43
o
N latitude)
Carbondale, Illinois (38
o
N latitude)Slide8
Corn grain yield of five different hybrids ranging in maturity from 75 to 112 days relative maturity at Beresford, SD in
2012, 2013 and 2014.
2012 season (drought affected)
2013 & 2014 seasonsSlide9
Broadcast
Drilled Slide10
Comparison of rye biomass production for broadcast seeding during late grain filling and direct seeding after harvest at Beresford, SD. Rye was harvested in the spring of 2013. There were no significant differences in rye biomass production between these treatments.Slide11
Soybean yield in 2013 following rye biomass crops established with broadcast and drill seeding along with a control (no rye) treatment. Soybean yield differences were statistically similar in this study.Slide12Slide13
Comparison of rye biomass production for broadcast seeding during late grain filling and direct seeding after harvest at Beresford, SD. Rye was harvested in the spring of
2014. The drilled rye had greater biomass than did the broadcast rye. The rye following 75 day corn did better than rye planted after later corn lines. Slide14
Soybean yield in
2014 following
rye biomass crops established with broadcast and drill seeding along with a control (no rye) treatment. The soybean crop following rye basically failed due to excessive June rainfall.Slide15
Soybean Yields Following Winter Rye Biomass Crop
In a Severe Drought Season (2012) – Beresford, SD
Treatment
Rye Wt.
Soybean Yield
(
lb
/ac)
(
bu
/ac)
rye-biomass
crop
2770
4.9
no-rye control
----
20.1
Mean
12.5
P value
p<0.05
CV (%)
45.2Slide16
Rye Biomass and Following Soybean Yields
in Carbondale, IL – 2014 Season
Line
Rye BiomassSoybean Yield
(lb/ac)
(bu/ac)
79-08
4340
23.0
Triticale
3922
27.7
VNS
3091
27.5
Rymin
2793
29.9
Hazlet
1681
34.4
Control
---
30.7
Mean
3165
28.9
CV (%)
23.4
23.4
LSD (0.05)
533
NSSlide17
Soybean yield plotted against rye biomass production
for different rye genotypes. Carbondale, IL – 2014 SeasonSlide18
Rye Biomass & Soybean Yields
– Initial Reflections:
With extremely dry (2012) or wet (2014) weather, the rye biomass crop put the following soybean crop at risk. In the more typical 2013 season we did observe any negative impacts on soybean yield.
For corn maturity versus date of rye planting, we did not find a
good “nick” or “sweet spot”
where corn maturity can be shortened to
promote rye biomass production without hurting corn yield.
Relative success of broadcast seeding rye depends on fall weather.
The new rye lines
shows promise for greater biomass production;
however, t
here were trends in Illinois for higher rye biomass production
to
be associated with lower yield of the following soybean crop.
At this point, it seems to
me that
rye as an energy crop is not
consistent
e
nough to establish a processing industry around it. As a
supplementary source of biomass it would have a place (my opinion).Slide19Slide20
Estimated Cost of Rye Biomass Production
Item
cost per acre
Seed
$25.00
(1.6
bu
/ac @ $16/
bu
)
Planting
$15.30
Windrow
$12.50
Baling
$31.25
Moving Bales
$3.30
P&K Replacement
$22.00
Cost per Acre
$109.35
Yield (tons/ac)
1.75
Cost per ton
$62.49