Chinese Japanese and Filipino Americans ETHN 100 Week 14 Session 1b Mother Tongue Discuss an aspect of the essay you found fascinating relatable or informative ETHN 100 The Last Two Weeks ID: 167458
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Pre-1965 Asian American Experience:" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Pre-1965 Asian American Experience: Chinese, Japanese, and Filipino Americans
ETHN 100 Week 14 Session
1bSlide2
“Mother Tongue”
Discuss an aspect of the essay you found fascinating, relatable, or informative. Slide3
ETHN 100: The Last Two Weeks
Week 14 – Before 1965
Session 1 (Mon/Tue) – Early API immigration and Settlement
Session 2 (Wed/Thu) – Final Writing Workshop on Wed/Thu. Graded WA3 handed back
Week 15 – After 1965
Session 1 – No online work or readings due. WA4 due Mon/Tue (2 copies). Blind peer review guidelines handed out.
Session 2 – Return peer reviews
Finals Week
Submit revised WA4 via email 5PM of final daySlide4
Last SessionExamined conditions surrounding Chinese immigration to and settlement in the United States beginning in the mid-1800s. Slide5
TodayDiscuss the push-pull factors of Japanese and Filipino immigrants to the United States. Slide6
Immigrant Experiences: Early Chinese vs. European
Similarities: Intended to be sojourners (make money and go back to mother country); mainly men, primarily poor.
Differences: Regional settlement, race, and the first immigrant group to be shut out by the US government.
Chinese Diaspora existed when immigrants to the US began to show in large numbers.
History of indentured servitude
“Coolie trade” from Asian countries to the UK.
Gold Rush attracted Chinese to “Gold Mountain”Slide7
Structure of Chinese American Community
San Francisco –
dai
fu
(big city) – Cultural, economic and administrative hub of Chinese America.
Key cultural difference between European and Chinese immigrants: Churches (European) and Family (Chinese) as key institutions for organizing communities, transmitting values, customs and traditions. Slide8
Cultural Characteristics and Community
Family Associations – initially based on blood ties (clans) it was adapted by immigrants.
District Associations
Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association – AKA the Six Chinese Companies or Six Companies
Origins in Guangdong province (primary region of immigration)
Often served as the community’s voice to white America.
American-born Citizen’s groups
Native Sons of the Golden State/Chinese American Citizens AllianceSlide9
Forms of Labor
Gold Rush – Worked as miners
Agriculture – built the irrigation system in California central valleys
Railroads – Contributed to the building of the Transcontinental Railroad, specifically the Central Pacific Railroad
Eventually low-capital forms of self-employment such as laundries and restaurants.
Women had few options for labor. Many worked as sex workers to pay off indentured servitude. Slide10
Systematic Discrimination
Direct Referential Racism – discriminatory changes in policy, law, or ordinance that target a group without explicitly naming them.
Extreme residential discrimination
California Foreign Miners Tax
Municipal ordinances on living conditions, employment, bodies
Policies aimed at baring Chinese from land ownership and employmentSlide11
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
Barred immigration of Chinese laborers for 20 years (two, ten-year periods)
Outwitted immigration laws (resistance): undocumented and documented entry
Undocumented: Entered the country (CA) via Northwestern and southern points of entry.
Extralegal: Misrepresented their status to enter with papers. Slide12
Japanese Immigration
Modernization, industrialization, and militarization
Immigration
mainly to Hawaii (sugar) and California (fruit and produce).
Chinese immigrants vs. Japanese immigrants
From the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 to the Gentlemen’s Agreement of 1907
Picture BridesSlide13
Hawaii Sugar Plantations
Describe labor conditions among the immigrant ethnic
groups
on the Hawaiian sugar
plantations were often stratified.
Groups were pitted one against the other.
Japanese laborers attempted “
blood unionism
”
Filipino and Japanese workers strike (1909)Slide14
Filipino Immigration
Filipinos were uniquely situated in immigration history because they were colonial subjects of the United States due to the Spanish American War (1898) and Philippine-American War (1899-1902)
President McKinley: “Little Brown Brothers.”
Three waves:
Pensionados
Manongs
Post-1965 Professionals and FamiliesSlide15
First Wave: Pensionados or “Fountain Pen Boys” (early 1900s)
Filipino young men from elite families were brought to the United States to be educated in US colleges and universities.
These students returned to the Philippines.
These students were an integral strategy to US colonization of the Philippines.
The goal was to import US culture, education, and institutions via families of status. Slide16
Second Wave: Manongs (1900-1965)
Filipino laborers were brought to the United States when Chinese, Japanese, and Mexican laborers were in short supply due to exclusion and discrimination.
Worked mainly in agriculture, food production (canneries, packing houses), and as domestic help (“house boys”).
Hawaii, Pacific Coast (California), Alaska
Almost entirely men.
Anti-miscegenation Laws
The Great Depression
Watsonville RiotSlide17
Third Wave: Post-1965 Professionals and Family Reunification
Immigration Act of 1965 created a new system of preferences for immigrants to the United States.
Favored forms of labor and family ties.
Despite the assumption that it would mainly benefit European groups, Asian Americans were among the most affected. Slide18
Next TimeWriting Workshop
From Asian America from World War II to Civil Rights