WINTER DRIVING - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

WINTER DRIVING

Preparing your vehicle

Emergency kit

Driving in adverse weather

Produced by Allen Elliott Community Safety Resource CoordinatorSlide2

PREPARING YOUR VEHICLE

A pre-winter check or service is essential if you want to avoid problems during the winter

Pay attention to: -Slide3

Cooling system

Anti-freeze at the correct concentration is vital all year round as it prevents both freezing and corrosion

Check hoses for wear, tear and leaks Slide4

Tyres

Check tyre pressure and tread depth

You want as much grip as possible when the snow comes

(at least 3mm of tread)Legal limit is 1.6mmSlide5

Lights

Carry a spare set of light bulbs

Make sure your lights are clear and clean as often as possible in the winter

Check your lights before each journeySlide6

Brakes

It may seem obvious to state that brakes should be in good order, however your wheels will lock earlier on ice than in other situations and so even the slightest problems can cause major skids in winterSlide7

Wiper blades

These will have to work harder in winter so make sure they are in good condition

Well used wiper blades rarely last more than 12 months in our climateSlide8

Windscreen washers

These are less likely to freeze up if the system is clean

Keep a supply of screen-wash additive in the car, this prevents the washer bottle contents from freezingSlide9

Windscreen washers

In extremely cold conditions you can use screen wash concentrate without adding water

This helps to avoid the fluid freezing in the washer nozzles and on the windscreenSlide10

Battery

Modern batteries provide more power, but take a long time to re-charge fully. A regular long run with the minimum of electrical accessories switched on is needed.Slide11

De-mist

If the inside of the glass keeps misting up, use air conditioning on a warm setting to dry out the car. Make sure you don’t leave damp coats and wellingtons in the carSlide12

Fuel

Keep plenty of fuel in the tank

(At least half full)

As you never know when you will be stuck in traffic or have to make a detour to reach your destinationSlide13

Easier starting

Depress the clutch when starting a cold engine as this disconnects the engine from the gearbox so there is less drag and eases the load on the starter motorSlide14

Cleaned and lubricated

Wash the car frequently

spray water dispersant in locks to reduce freezing, lubricate bonnet lock to prevent corrosion

Apply thin layer of petroleum jelly to rubber door seals so they don’t freeze while closed fit all wheel trims correctly to prevent corrosion on wheel nutsSlide15

YOUR

EMERGENCY

KITSlide16

Emergency kit

Some suggested items for your emergency kit, gather and pack them into your car at the start of the winter season

You never know when you might need themSlide17

Emergency kit

Take a warm coat and hat

Pack high energy foods such as chocolate, crisps, nuts, cereal bars, water and a hot drink

Don’t forget to take any personnel medicines tooSlide18

Emergency kit

Fully charged mobile phone

Ice scraper and de-icer

BootsFirst aid kitJump leadsShovelFluorescent jacket or vestTorch and spare batteries

Warm clothing and blanketAt least one bottle of waterRoad atlasSunglasses (glare off snow, and low winter sun can be dazzling)Slide19

Driving in adverse weatherSlide20

Starting off in snow

Clear any snow off the roof of the vehicle before you drive off

It can slip down over the windscreen and obscure your view

Clear any snow and ice from all windows, lights and number platesMake sure you can see clearly and be seenSlide21

Snow can be deceptive. Often your tyres will have more grip on newly fallen snow than on slushy snow

Whatever kind your on you must remember that the car is more likely to go sideways than is normally the caseGently test your brakes from time –to-time

This will give you a feel for the surface conditions and available gripSlide22

Even when the main roads are clear, the side roads can often be snow-covered because they won’t have been treated and there is less traffic

Avoid revving your engine and spinning your wheels on the slippery surfaceAnticipate the road ahead so that you keep moving steadily where you can, rather than having to stop and then start againSlide23

When driving on remote roads with little traffic, you may find it helpful to drive in the middle of the road

You will have more room to manoeuvre and correct slides if forced to brake suddenlyWhen going over hills and dips, and around corners, you may meet traffic coming from opposite direction, so slow down and keep to the leftSlide24

When moving off in snow and ice use the highest gear possible

This will usually be second.If you encounter wheel-spin, ease off the acceleratorOnce you are moving, keep your speed down and use highest practical gear.

Gentle use of all controls is essentialSlide25

Use your judgement when assessing conditions

A white winter road with packed snow will often be less slippery than a wet roadDrive safely, but don’t be nervousSlide26

Driving through ice and snow

It’s not always obvious that the road is icy

Look for clues such as ice on the pavement or on your windscreen before you start your journey

If your tyres make virtually no noise on the road it could be a sign you’re driving on iceDon’t brake harshly-you risk locking-up and skiddingSlide27

Watch out for the ice

Watch out for locations where you may need to drive more carefully because of risk of ice such as:

Changes in road elevation or exposure

Where the road passes over or under a bridgeThings at the side of the road that shade the carriageway such as trees and bridgesWhen leaving a main road and turn onto a side or slip roadBends in the road where there is a greater risk of loss of controlSlide28

Watch out for roads with adverse camber, water can run across and freeze leaving a skating rink surface

Gentle movements of the steering wheel and low speeds will give you the most control under snowy and icy conditionsSlide29

Hills

Ascending/descending hills can pose particular problems on slippery roads:

Always leave plenty of space between yourself and the car ahead before starting your ascent/descent

Stop and wait for a clear road if necessary, otherwise you may end up being stuck (literally) behind less skilful drivers

Use low gears to help you hold back when descending slippery hills. Select the gear as early as possibleTry to avoid using the brakes or changing gear while descendingSlide30

Basic driving techniquesSlide31

Winter is the most difficult driving season. Not only do you have snow and ice to deal with, but there are fewer hours of daylight as well.

Drive slowly. Even if your vehicle has good traction in ice and snow, other drivers will be travelling cautiously. Don’t disrupt the flow of traffic by driving faster than everyone else Slide32

In a rear wheel drive vehicle, you can usually feel a loss of traction or the beginning of a skid. There may be no such warning in a front wheel drive,

HoweverFront wheel drives do handle better in ice and snow, but they do not have flawless traction, and skids can occur unexpectedly.Don’t let the better feel and handling of a front wheel drive car cause you to drive faster than you shouldSlide33

Skidding

Despite a popular misconception, the best approach to recovering from a skid is the same for both front and rear wheel drive vehiclesSlide34

Rear wheel skid

Take your foot off the accelerator

Steer in the direction you want the front wheels to go

If you rear wheels are sliding left, steer left. If they’re sliding right, steer rightIf your rear wheels start sliding the other way as you recover, ease the steering wheel toward that side. You might have to steer left and right a few times to get your vehicle completely under control.Slide35

If you have standard brakes, pump them gently

If you have anti-lock brakes (ABS), do not pump the brakes. Apply steady pressure to the brakes. You will feel the brakes pulse – this is normal. If not, pump the pedal gently, pumping more rapidly as your car slows down. Braking hard with non-anti-lock brakes will make the skid worseSlide36

Front wheel skid

Take your foot off the accelerator and push in the clutch, don’t try to steer immediately

As the wheel skids sideways, they will slow the vehicle and the traction will return.

As it does, steer in the direction you want to goSlide37

To avoid skids, brake carefully and gently on snow or ice

“Squeeze” your brakes in slow, steady strokesAllow the wheels to keep rollingIf they start to lock up, ease off the brake pedal

As you slow down, you may also want to shift into a lower gearSlide38

Getting unstuck

If you should find yourself stuck, here’s what to do:

Turn your wheels from side to side a few times to push snow out of the way

Keep a light touch on the accelerator and ease forwardDon’t spin your wheels – you’ll just dig in deeperRocking the vehicle is another way. Shift from forward to reverse, and back again. Each time your in gear, give a light touch on the accelerator until the vehicle gets goingUse a shovel to clear snow away from wheels and underside of carSlide39

Driving in fog

Use dipped headlights so that other drivers can see you

If it’s really foggy, (less than 100m visibility) and you can’t see much, then switch your fog lights on

Fog is often patchy so try not to speed up as visibility improves. You could suddenly find yourself back in thick fogRemember to switch off fog lights when visibility improves to prevent dazzling oncoming vehiclesSlide40

Driving in the rain

When the roads wet, it can take up to twice a long to stop. So it makes sense to slow down and maintain a safe distance from the vehicle in front

If your vehicle loses its grip, or “aquaplanes” on surface water take your foot off the accelerator to slow downSlide41

Driving in windy weather

Take extra care on the roads and plan your journey by checking the latest weather conditions

High sided vehicles are particularly affected by windy weather but strong gusts can also blow a vehicle, cyclist, motorcyclist, or horse rider off course

This can happen on open stretches of road exposed to strong crosswinds, or when passing bridges, high sided vehicles or gaps in treesSlide42

If you breakdown on the motorway

Pull onto the hard shoulder, park as far over to the left as you can, away from the traffic, and turn your hazard warning lights on

Get yourself and any passengers out of the vehicle immediately, using the doors on the left hand side, furthest from the traffic while you wait for help, keep well away from the carriageway and hard shoulder – stand over the barrier if it’s safe to do so – and do not try even the simplest of repairsSlide43

If you breakdown on the motorway

Try to use the emergency roadside telephones rather than a mobile phone

This will help traffic officers and other emergency services know exactly where you areSlide44

BE SAFE

DRIVE SAFE

THE END