Lesson 2 How does light travel Lesson 3 Reflection Lessons 4 Shadows Lessons 5 Periscopes More Lessons Light Lessons Lesson 6 Colours Lesson 7 Refraction Lesson 8 Invisible Light ID: 779939
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Slide1
Light Lessons
Lesson 1: Introduction to Light
Lesson 2: How does light travel?
Lesson 3: Reflection
Lessons 4: Shadows
Lessons 5: Periscopes
More Lessons
Slide2Light Lessons
Lesson 6: Colours
Lesson 7: Refraction
Lesson 8: Invisible Light
Lessons 9: Light, chemistry, electricity and heat
Previous Lessons
Slide3Light Lessons 1
Introduction to light
Slide4Question?
What do they have in common?
The Sun
A rainbow
Slide5What do I need to learn today?
Today I will learn about objects that make their own light and objects that do not.
Slide6Introduction
Light
is a kind of
energy called electromagnetic (EM) radiation.If there is no light, you cannot see anything.Your eyes are sensitive to light: they tell your brain where it is and what colour it is.
Ray of light
Slide7Demonstration:
Plasma ball
What did I see?
Why did this happen?
What did I learn?
Slide8Glossary
Luminous
: Luminous objects give off their own light. Non luminous: Non-luminous objects become visible only when they reflect light produced by a luminous object.
Slide9There are two types of objects:
Objects that make light. They are called “luminous”.Objects that do not make, but light reflects off (= bounces off) them. They are called “non-luminous”.
The Sun makes its own light. It is a
luminous object.
The light of the Sun bounces off the Moon. It is a non-luminous object.
Theory
Slide10Investigation:
Luminous and Non-Luminous Objects
Skills focus:
My skills focus for the investigation is........
Method
:For each station, complete the “observation sheet”.I will find out which objects are luminous and which objects are not.
Slide11Skill focus: Planning
Dependent variable
My question is:
Independent variable
My prediction (or hypothesis
) List of equipment:
Method (including any research)Justification
Risks:
The thing I will change is ..
The thing I will measure is ...
What is the effect of changing ...
on the ....?
When I change the (independent variable), the (dependent variable) will …
I think this because …
Slide12Skill focus: Obtaining and Analysing Data
Type of data:
Numbers? Readings? Observations? Smells? etc.
Where and how am I going to record this data?
Table? How many columns? How many rows? What are the units?
What type of graph could I use?
Pie chart? Bar chart? Line graph? Scatter graph?
What does my data appear to show?
There is/is not a relationship in my data. It appears that …
Slide13Skill focus: Evaluation
I got/I did not get valid and/or reliable data
I know this because....
Did my results match my prediction?
How could I improve my method so my data is more valid and reliable?
What other question could I investigate?
What other experiment could I use to test my prediction?
There were anomalies in my data
My results did/did not match my prediction.
To make my data more valid, I need to …
To make my data more reliable, I need to ….
I found ... anomalies. They were .... and ... they happened because ...
Slide14Progress check
Complete your progress check!
Slide15Light Lessons 2
How does light travel?
Slide16Question?
If you sit at the top of this slide, can you see what’s at the bottom of it?
Slide17What do I need to learn today?
Today I will learn how light travels.
Slide18Demonstration:
Candle light
What did I see?
Why did this happen?
What did I learn?
Slide19Demonstration:
Straight lines
What did I see?
Why did this happen?
What did I learn?
Slide20Demonstration:
Reflective hologram prism
What did I see?
Why did this happen?
What did I learn?
Slide21Glossary
Image:
A visual representation of something, maybe a painting,photo or model.
Slide22Theory
Light always travels in a
straight line
.These lines are called “rays” and scientists use arrows to draw them.The light always travels from the object to the eye (i.e. your eyes do not make any light, or you would not need a light torch in the dark!).
Slide23Investigation:
Pin Hole Camera
Skills focus:
My skills focus for the investigation is........
Method:Build your own pinhole camera using the template. Make 1 small hole in the centre of the aluminium foil
Point the hole towards an object in bright light and see what happens on the frosted screen. I will investigate how to make an image using a pinhole camera.
Slide240
Background
Our eyes work like a pinhole camera: the light of the object hits the retina. The “image” is upside down. The brain then puts it the right way up.
Slide25Skill focus: Planning
Dependent variable
My question is:
Independent variable
My prediction (or hypothesis
) List of equipment:
Method (including any research)Justification
Risks:
The thing I will change is ..
The thing I will measure is ...
What is the effect of changing ...
on the ....?
When I change the (independent variable), the (dependent variable) will …
I think this because …
Slide26Skill focus: Obtaining and Analysing Data
Type of data:
Numbers? Readings? Observations? Smells? etc.
Where and how am I going to record this data?
Table? How many columns? How many rows? What are the units?
What type of graph could I use?
Pie chart? Bar chart? Line graph? Scatter graph?
What does my data appear to show?
There is/is not a relationship in my data. It appears that …
Slide27Skill focus: Evaluation
I got/I did not get valid and/or reliable data
I know this because....
Did my results match my prediction?
How could I improve my method so my data is more valid and reliable?
What other question could I investigate?
What other experiment could I use to test my prediction?
There were anomalies in my data
My results did/did not match my prediction.
To make my data more valid, I need to …
To make my data more reliable, I need to ….
I found ... anomalies. They were .... and ... they happened because ...
Slide28Progress check
Complete your progress check!
Slide29Light Lessons 3
Reflection
Slide30Question?
How do mirrors work?
Slide31What do I need to learn today?
Today I will learn how light bounces off a mirror.
Slide32Introduction
When a ray of light hits a shiny surface, it bounces off it. This is called
reflection
.
The angle with which lights reaches the mirror is called the angle of incidence.The angle of the light that is reflected is called the angle of reflection.
On a mirror, the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection
Slide33Demonstration:
Hyperscope
What did I see?
Why did this happen?
What did I learn?
Slide34Demonstration:
Total internal reflection
What did I see?
Why did this happen?
What did I learn?
Slide35Background
Sometimes, water can look like a mirror. This is because the rays of light bounce off the surface of the water.
The light from the laser keeps on bouncing inside the jet of water so it is “trapped” inside. This only works if the ray of light hits the surface of the water at a specific angle (called “critical angle”).
Slide36Demonstration:
Sighting compass
What did I see?
Why did this happen?
What did I learn?
Slide37Glossary
Reflection
: is when a ray of light bounces off a shiny surface.The angle of incidence: is the angle with which lights reaches the mirror.The angle of reflection
: is the angle of the light that is reflected off the mirror.
Slide38Investigation:
The reflection of light
Skills focus:
My skills focus for the investigation is........
Method:Draw two lines (at a right angle) on a piece of paper. Place your mirror on one of the lines.
Turn down the lights and make the room quite dark Use the Ray box to shine a ray of light towards the mirror.Record the angles. I will investigate what happens when light rays are reflected on a mirror.
Slide39Skill focus: Planning
Dependent variable
My question is:
Independent variable
My prediction (or hypothesis
) List of equipment:
Method (including any research)Justification
Risks:
The thing I will change is ..
The thing I will measure is ...
What is the effect of changing ...
on the ....?
When I change the (independent variable), the (dependent variable) will …
I think this because …
Slide40Skill focus: Obtaining and Analysing Data
Type of data:
Numbers? Readings? Observations? Smells? etc.
Where and how am I going to record this data?
Table? How many columns? How many rows? What are the units?
What type of graph could I use?
Pie chart? Bar chart? Line graph? Scatter graph?
What does my data appear to show?
There is/is not a relationship in my data. It appears that …
Slide41Skill focus: Evaluation
I got/I did not get valid and/or reliable data
I know this because....
Did my results match my prediction?
How could I improve my method so my data is more valid and reliable?
What other question could I investigate?
What other experiment could I use to test my prediction?
There were anomalies in my data
My results did/did not match my prediction.
To make my data more valid, I need to …
To make my data more reliable, I need to ….
I found ... anomalies. They were .... and ... they happened because ...
Slide42Progress check
Complete your progress check!
Slide43Light Lessons 4
Shadows
Slide44Question?
What is a shadow?
Slide45What do I need to learn today?
Today I will learn what a shadow is.
Slide46Introduction
Remember, light travels in a straight line. So if you put an object on its path, it cannot turn around it. The side of the object away from the light will look dark because there is less light there. This is a
shadow
.
A shadow is made when an object blocks light. Objects that block light completely are called opaque
(example: you).Object that let some light through are called translucent (example: tissue paper). Objects that do not make a shadow are called transparent (= see-through). Example: a window.
Slide47Demonstration:
Sundial and Sun clock
What did I see?
Why did this happen?
What did I learn?
Slide48Background: Sundials
When the Earth spins (
rotates
) the Sun looks like it is travelling across the sky.
In the morning, the Sun rises in the East. By midday, the sun is high up in the sky. In the evening, the Sun sets in the West. So shadows look like they move too. This means you can use your shadow to tell what time of the day it is.
Slide49Demonstration:
casting shadows
What did I see?
Why did this happen?
What did I learn?
Slide50Demonstration:
shadows and light
What did I see?
Why did this happen?
What did I learn?
Slide51Glossary
A shadow
: is made when an object blocks light. Opaque: an objects that block light completely (example: you).Translucent: an object that let some light through (example: tissue paper).
Transparent: an object that does not make a shadow (= see-through). Example: a window.
Slide52Investigation:
Studying shadows
Skills focus:
My skills focus for the investigation is........
Method:Draw a straight line from the light to the screen and draw little crosses every 5 cm.Switch the bright light on.
Put an object 5 cm away from it and record the height of the shadow on a screen,Move the object 5 cm further and repeat until you reach the cross nearest to the screen. Plot a graph of Distance vs Height.I will investigate the change in the height of a shadow when I move an object away from a lamp.
Slide53Investigation:
Sundials
Skills focus:
My skills focus for the investigation is........
Method:Cut along dotted lines. Stop at solid lines. Fold along solid line on outside.
Fold along the latitude line closest to your latitude (find your latitude using: https://gridreferencefinder.com ). Tape the paper together.Insert a sharp pencil like shown on the picture.Turn the sundial so the pencil points due north, as determined by a map or a compass. I will investigate how shadows move with the time of the day.
Slide54Skill focus: Planning
Dependent variable
My question is:
Independent variable
My prediction (or hypothesis
) List of equipment:
Method (including any research)Justification
Risks:
The thing I will change is ..
The thing I will measure is ...
What is the effect of changing ...
on the ....?
When I change the (independent variable), the (dependent variable) will …
I think this because …
Slide55Skill focus: Obtaining and Analysing Data
Type of data:
Numbers? Readings? Observations? Smells? etc.
Where and how am I going to record this data?
Table? How many columns? How many rows? What are the units?
What type of graph could I use?
Pie chart? Bar chart? Line graph? Scatter graph?
What does my data appear to show?
There is/is not a relationship in my data. It appears that …
Slide56Skill focus: Evaluation
I got/I did not get valid and/or reliable data
I know this because....
Did my results match my prediction?
How could I improve my method so my data is more valid and reliable?
What other question could I investigate?
What other experiment could I use to test my prediction?
There were anomalies in my data
My results did/did not match my prediction.
To make my data more valid, I need to …
To make my data more reliable, I need to ….
I found ... anomalies. They were .... and ... they happened because ...
Slide57Progress check
Complete your progress check!
Slide58Light Lessons 5
Periscopes
Slide59Question?
How many mirrors are there around you?
Slide60What do I need to learn today?
Today I will learn about different kinds of mirrors and how they can be used.
Slide61Demonstration:
mirrors
What did I see?
Why did this happen?
What did I learn?
Slide62Demonstration:
Cats Eyes Road Studs
What did I see?
Why did this happen?
What did I learn?
Slide63Demonstration:
Silver Egg
What did I see?
Why did this happen?
What did I learn?
Slide64Glossary
Concave
: curved inward.Convex: curved outward.
Slide65Investigation:
make your own periscope
Skills focus:
My skills focus for the investigation is........
Method:Cut the periscope template and assemble it.
I will make a periscope and use it.
Slide66Skill focus: Planning
Dependent variable
My question is:
Independent variable
My prediction (or hypothesis
) List of equipment:
Method (including any research)Justification
Risks:
The thing I will change is ..
The thing I will measure is ...
What is the effect of changing ...
on the ....?
When I change the (independent variable), the (dependent variable) will …
I think this because …
Slide67Skill focus: Obtaining and Analysing Data
Type of data:
Numbers? Readings? Observations? Smells? etc.
Where and how am I going to record this data?
Table? How many columns? How many rows? What are the units?
What type of graph could I use?
Pie chart? Bar chart? Line graph? Scatter graph?
What does my data appear to show?
There is/is not a relationship in my data. It appears that …
Slide68Skill focus: Evaluation
I got/I did not get valid and/or reliable data
I know this because....
Did my results match my prediction?
How could I improve my method so my data is more valid and reliable?
What other question could I investigate?
What other experiment could I use to test my prediction?
There were anomalies in my data
My results did/did not match my prediction.
To make my data more valid, I need to …
To make my data more reliable, I need to ….
I found ... anomalies. They were .... and ... they happened because ...
Slide69Progress check
Complete your progress check!
Slide70Light Lessons 6
Colours
Slide71Question?
How are rainbows made?
Slide72What do I need to learn today?
Today I will learn how to make coloured lights.
Slide73Demonstration:
Splitting light through a prism
What did I see?
Why did this happen?
What did I learn?
Slide74Demonstration:
Colour Mixing
What did I see?
Why did this happen?
What did I learn?
Slide75Background
White light is in fact made of different colours mixed together.
White light can be split into the following colours: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. These colours make a
spectrum. Scientists can tell a lot of things about a light source by looking at the colours its light is made of. For example, scientists can tell how hot an object is, how fast it is moving and what it is made of just by looking at its spectrum.
You can use a
prism or a spectroscope to split light .
Slide76Background
When there is rain and sunshine together, the droplets of rainwater behave like tiny
prisms
. They split the light into a spectrum and this is called a rainbow.
Slide77Investigation:
Colour Mixing
Skills focus:
My skills focus for the investigation is........
Method:Take one of the LED’s and one 3V battery from the case.
Dim the lights of the room. Carefully place the battery between the legs of the LEDHow many different combinations of colours can you create? I will investigate what happens when lights of different colours are mixed together.
Slide78Investigation:
Spectroscope
Skills focus:
My skills focus for the investigation is........
Method:Build your spectroscope. Look at different light sources like a TV screen, light bulbs of different kinds, torches, candles, etc.
Draw or describe what you see. I will investigate what colours the lights around me are made of.
Sunlight spectrum
Slide79Skill focus: Planning
Dependent variable
My question is:
Independent variable
My prediction (or hypothesis
) List of equipment:
Method (including any research)Justification
Risks:
The thing I will change is ..
The thing I will measure is ...
What is the effect of changing ...
on the ....?
When I change the (independent variable), the (dependent variable) will …
I think this because …
Slide80Skill focus: Obtaining and Analysing Data
Type of data:
Numbers? Readings? Observations? Smells? etc.
Where and how am I going to record this data?
Table? How many columns? How many rows? What are the units?
What type of graph could I use?
Pie chart? Bar chart? Line graph? Scatter graph?
What does my data appear to show?
There is/is not a relationship in my data. It appears that …
Slide81Skill focus: Evaluation
I got/I did not get valid and/or reliable data
I know this because....
Did my results match my prediction?
How could I improve my method so my data is more valid and reliable?
What other question could I investigate?
What other experiment could I use to test my prediction?
There were anomalies in my data
My results did/did not match my prediction.
To make my data more valid, I need to …
To make my data more reliable, I need to ….
I found ... anomalies. They were .... and ... they happened because ...
Slide82Progress check
Complete your progress check!
Slide83Light Lessons 7
Refraction
Slide84Question?
Why does this straw look broken?
Slide85What do I need to learn today?
Today I will learn what happens when light goes through water and other see-through objects.
Slide86Demonstration: Iceland Spar
What did I see?
Why did this happen?
What did I learn?
Slide87Demonstration:
Disappearing bowls
What did I see?
Why did this happen?
What did I learn?
Slide88Glossary
Transparent
: an object that does not make a shadow and is see-through (e.g. tissue paper)Medium:
a material that lets light energy go through them (e.g. air, water, glass, etc).Refraction is when the light going though a medium is bent.
Slide89Theory
You can see under water because, like air, water is
transparent
. The same is true for glass and other materials which let light through. These materials are called medium, because they let light energy go through them.Some medium slow down or speed up the light that go through them. This makes it look like the light is “bent” and it is called refraction.
Some colour of light are slowed down more than other in glass: this is why the colours “split” in a prism.
Slide90Investigation: The vanishing coin
Skills focus:
My skills focus for the investigation is........
Method
:Place a coin in the bottom of an opaque mug and position it so that it is just out of view. Slowly add water to the mug and record the height at which the coin first becomes visible.Repeat steps 1and 2 using Sunflower oil.
Repeat steps 3 and 4 using nail polish remover (acetone). I will investigate refraction in different liquids.
Slide91Skill focus: Planning
Dependent variable
My question is:
Independent variable
My prediction (or hypothesis
) List of equipment:
Method (including any research)Justification
Risks:
The thing I will change is ..
The thing I will measure is ...
What is the effect of changing ...
on the ....?
When I change the (independent variable), the (dependent variable) will …
I think this because …
Slide92Skill focus: Obtaining and Analysing Data
Type of data:
Numbers? Readings? Observations? Smells? etc.
Where and how am I going to record this data?
Table? How many columns? How many rows? What are the units?
What type of graph could I use?
Pie chart? Bar chart? Line graph? Scatter graph?
What does my data appear to show?
There is/is not a relationship in my data. It appears that …
Slide93Skill focus: Evaluation
I got/I did not get valid and/or reliable data
I know this because....
Did my results match my prediction?
How could I improve my method so my data is more valid and reliable?
What other question could I investigate?
What other experiment could I use to test my prediction?
There were anomalies in my data
My results did/did not match my prediction.
To make my data more valid, I need to …
To make my data more reliable, I need to ….
I found ... anomalies. They were .... and ... they happened because ...
Slide94Progress check
Complete your progress check!
Slide95Light Lessons 8
Invisible light
Slide96Question?
What does invisible mean?
Slide97What do I need to learn today?
Today I will learn about invisible lights...
… but not how to become invisible. Sorry!
Slide98Introduction
There are many different types of light an only a few that you can see. Some animals can see invisible lights light UV (e.g. bees) and Infrared (snakes). These invisible lights have many uses. Today you will focus on UV and infrared lights.
As seen by humans
As seen by bees
Slide99Demonstration:
Herschel’s experiment
What did I see?
Why did this happen?
What did I learn?
Slide100Background
Herschel wanted to know how much heat passed through glass of different colours.
He devised a clever experiment to investigate this.
He made sunlight pass through a glass prism to create a
spectrum and then measured the temperature of each colour. He used three thermometers to measure the heat in each colour: one thermometer in a colour and two close to it but in the dark (the “controls”). He found that the temperatures of the colours increased from the violet to the red part of the spectrum. He then decided to measure the temperature just after the red colour where no sunlight was visible. To his surprise, he found that this region had the highest temperature of all. He had discovered a type of invisible light called
infrared.
Spectrum
Slide101Demonstration:
Crookes Radiometer
What did I see?
Why did this happen?
What did I learn?
Slide102Demonstration:
Protection against Sunburn
What did I see?
Why did this happen?
What did I learn?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4eyRQWwHZl8
Slide103Investigation:
Which is the best sunscreen?
Skills focus:
My skills focus for the investigation is........
Method:Place a small quantity of SPF cream into a little plastic bag and add 5 – 6 UV beads
Mix so that the beads are well coated. Repeat step 1-2 for each SPF creams. Place each set of the beads into petri dishes and label. Place the petri dishes in the little black bags and take out side. Put these samples somewhere that they will be exposed to UV light (sunlight or the UV lamp) and remove from the black bag. Record how long it takes for the beads to change colour.
I will investigate how long it takes for SPF beads to change colour for different sunscreens.
Slide104Skill focus: Planning
Dependent variable
My question is:
Independent variable
My prediction (or hypothesis
) List of equipment:
Method (including any research)Justification
Risks:
The thing I will change is ..
The thing I will measure is ...
What is the effect of changing ...
on the ....?
When I change the (independent variable), the (dependent variable) will …
I think this because …
Slide105Skill focus: Obtaining and Analysing Data
Type of data:
Numbers? Readings? Observations? Smells? etc.
Where and how am I going to record this data?
Table? How many columns? How many rows? What are the units?
What type of graph could I use?
Pie chart? Bar chart? Line graph? Scatter graph?
What does my data appear to show?
There is/is not a relationship in my data. It appears that …
Slide106Skill focus: Evaluation
I got/I did not get valid and/or reliable data
I know this because....
Did my results match my prediction?
How could I improve my method so my data is more valid and reliable?
What other question could I investigate?
What other experiment could I use to test my prediction?
There were anomalies in my data
My results did/did not match my prediction.
To make my data more valid, I need to …
To make my data more reliable, I need to ….
I found ... anomalies. They were .... and ... they happened because ...
Slide107Progress check
Complete your progress check!
Slide108Light Lessons 9
Light, chemistry, electricity and heat
Slide109Question?
How can you make light?
Slide110What do I need to learn today?
Today I will learn how to use chemistry and electricity to make light.
Slide111Introduction
Making light is not easy. This is why most of the objects around you are non-luminous.
To make light, you need to transform some other energy into
light energy
.
The Sun and other very hot objects make light by transforming
heat energy into light energy. Some animals can naturally transform chemical energy into light energy. To make light, we usually use chemical energy and transform it into electrical energy
(electricity) and then transform the electrical energy into light energy.Deep-sea octopus
Firefly
The Sun
A volcano
Slide112Demonstration:
Solar buggy
What did I see?
Why did this happen?
What did I learn?
Slide113Demonstration:
Fresnel lens
What did I see?
Why did this happen?
What did I learn?
Slide114Investigation:
Light from Chemical Reactions
Skills focus:
My skills focus for the investigation is........
Method:Pour water into 5 of the ice cube tray holes – fill to about ¾ .
Dip a piece of litmus paper into the water and record what it shows. Wrap the copper wire around the tops of the zinc nail 5/6 times and leave a little “tail”. Place one nail into each of the 5 holes filled with water, with their copper “tail” dipping into the hole next door (see picture). Then place the legs of the LED across the last 2 holes (try both ways). Observe what happens. Now empty out the water and replace with vinegar (ethanoic acid) and repeat step 4-5.
I will investigate how to make light using electricity made by a chemical reaction.
Slide115Theory
The vinegar reacts with the zinc nail and copper wire (
chemical energy
), like inside a battery.This creates electrical energy.The legs of the LED carry the electrical energy into the tiny bulb where it is transformed into light energy.
You basically created an electrical circuit like this one!
Slide116Skill focus: Planning
Dependent variable
My question is:
Independent variable
My prediction (or hypothesis
) List of equipment:
Method (including any research)Justification
Risks:
The thing I will change is ..
The thing I will measure is ...
What is the effect of changing ...
on the ....?
When I change the (independent variable), the (dependent variable) will …
I think this because …
Slide117Skill focus: Obtaining and Analysing Data
Type of data:
Numbers? Readings? Observations? Smells? etc.
Where and how am I going to record this data?
Table? How many columns? How many rows? What are the units?
What type of graph could I use?
Pie chart? Bar chart? Line graph? Scatter graph?
What does my data appear to show?
There is/is not a relationship in my data. It appears that …
Slide118Skill focus: Evaluation
I got/I did not get valid and/or reliable data
I know this because....
Did my results match my prediction?
How could I improve my method so my data is more valid and reliable?
What other question could I investigate?
What other experiment could I use to test my prediction?
There were anomalies in my data
My results did/did not match my prediction.
To make my data more valid, I need to …
To make my data more reliable, I need to ….
I found ... anomalies. They were .... and ... they happened because ...
Slide119Progress check
Complete your progress check!