CS APC Virgo and LIGO in the next decade Data takings alternated to upgrades pushing current infrastructure to limits Program until 2030 CS APC 2 Einstein ID: 1037146
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1. Einstein TelescopeMatteo Barsuglia CS APC
2. Virgo and LIGO in the next decadeData takings alternated to upgrades, pushing current infrastructure to limitsProgram until ~ 2030 CS APC2
3. Einstein Telescope – a 3G detectorAn order of magnitude better than current detectors Pushing down to ~ 2 Hz the observational bandwdith (compared to ~ 10-20 Hz today)2008-2011 Conceptual design FP7 CS APC3
4. ET design CS APC4Underground (seismic noise reduction) 10- km long arms (signal increase)Triangle configuration polarisation « Xylophone » (two combined detectors)Cryogenics (20 K) (thermal noise reduction)
5. ET science Black-holes evolution Black-hole mergers in the entire Universe and before the first galaxiesIntermediate-mass black-holesNature of gravitation Nature of black-holeProcess in the primordial Universe Signs of quantum gravity (i.e. échos)Nature of dark eneregyAn alternative cosmologyTest of modified gravity theories with new observablesNature of matter at the smaller scales Study of nuclear matter in a laboratory not possible on EarthPhysics of SupernovaeCS APC5https://arxiv.org/pdf/1912.02622M.Maggiore et al.
6. Why a new infrastructure?Why now ?The first detections (2015-2020) shown all the scientific potential of the fieldDespite their upgrade plan, Virgo and LIGO will be eventually limited by the infrastructure We need to start to prepare now a new detectorSimilar effor in US (Cosmic Explorer)CS APC6~ 300~ 7
7. Extrapolation of current or planned technologies for Virgo and LIGO Squeezing (non classical states of light)High-power lasersLarge mirrorsNew mirror’s coatings Thermal compensation techniquesSeismic suspension systems Technologies not tested in Virgo and LIGO (but prototypes and/or R&D on-going)Cryogenics (also in KAGRA)New cryogenic materialsNew laser wavelengths The ET technologies CS APC7
8. Planning and cost 2011 conceptual design report 2019 ET collaboration formation2020 submission to the ESFRI roadmap2021 end design 2026 end preparation phase (R&D and site characterization)2026 start construction2035 end construction20332080 Science ! (30 ans + 20 ans)Total cost ~ 1.8 G€(préliminary) Design 5 M€Preparation 220 M€Implementation 1570 M€ Termination 40 M€Cost operations 37 M€/anCS APC8
9. ET in France3 persons from France in the ET steering committee (APC, LAPP-Annecy, Artemis-Nice)ET presented at the « Journées de propsectives » of IN2P3 – Good feedback ET presented at the High-Commitee for the Large Research Infrastructures (HC-TGIR), of the Research Ministry in February – Feedback expected end of March Possible presentation at the IN2P3 Scientific Council Creation ET-France mailing list (Since January 2020) ~ 100 personsSupport from the national network of gravitational-waves (Gdr ondes gravitationnelles)CS APC9
10. Two possible sitesSOS Enattos Sardaigne (Italie)Euregio Meuse-Rhin CS APC10
11. Possible APC contributions to ET: OpticsSystem and optical designExperience with AdV and AdV+ Auxiliary optics Mode-matching telescopes, APC responsibiltySqueezing, quantum noise reduction : APC involved on 2 R&D projects on squeezing (filter cavity and EPR squeezing)Possible synergies with: Other french Virgo groupsMPQ lab (Université de Paris)CS APC11
12. Possible APC contributions to ET: Gravity gradients, geophysicsNewtonian noise modeling: and site characterization experience through work in the Labex UnivEarthS and ANR « E-GRAA ») Possible synergies with: IPGPAstrocentCS APC12
13. Possible APC contributions to ET: Science and data-analysis algorithmsCosmology (Standard sirens, dark sector, modified gravity theories) Synergies with LISA, Synergy with theory and cosmology groupsOne of the main research directions of PCCPUnderstanding black-hole formation and population scenariosMulti-messenger astrophysicsSynergies with HEA groupOptimized algorithms for parameter estimationsCS APC13
14. ConclusionsET: unique scientific potential and complementary to the LISA one Several scientific communities involved Right timing to be ready for ~ 2033 ESFRI proposal on-going APC can contribute significantly in the instrument, data-analysis algorithms and scientific exploitation and be one of the leading institutes in Europe CS APC14