Joan of Arc French Peasant who lived from 14121431 Grew up when France was largely under the power of the English The French people had no representation no king no power She grew to pity her country ID: 689092
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15 Key People of the Middle AgesSlide2
Joan of Arc
French Peasant who lived from 1412-1431
Grew up when France was largely under the power of the English
-The French people had no representation, no king, no power.
She grew to pity her country
As a teenager, Joan began to hear voices of angels that told her “You can deliver the land from the English; Go to the relief of King Charles.” -Family tried to dissuade her, but others believed her visions
She ended up leading the French army of about 5000 men in battle with England. -They were victorious and the French King was crowned in front of Joan in Rheims
At 19, Joan was captured by the English, tried for sorcery, and burned at the stake.Slide3
Saint Thomas Aquinas
An Italian Priest
Was
one of the Catholic Church’s foremost
theologians
Created 5 components of God: God is simple, God is perfect, God is infinite, God is immutable, and God is one.Is still considered the most prominent theologian of the Catholic Church.
Was made a Saint in the 1300sSlide4
William the Conquerer
English ruler who is responsible for the construction of castles all over England
Brought
about a new form of war: Sieges
Most famous castle is The Tower Of London which is still standing todaySlide5
Hereward The Wake
Inspiration for the character of Robin Hood
Led the final rebellion against William the Conqueror.
Birth and death are unknown
Was considered the champion of ordinary people, and as a symbol of resistance to oppression
Fought against unfair laws, taxes, and rulers.Slide6
Dante Aligheri
Was a major Italian Poet
His work The Divine Comedy is considered the greatest literary work in the Italian Language and a marvel in the Literary World.
The Divine Comedy documents Dante’s journey through Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise.Slide7
Johan Gutenberg
was a
German blacksmith, goldsmith, printer,
and
publisher who introduced printing to EuropeHis invention of mechanical moveable type printing started the Printing Revolution and is widely regarded as the most important event of the Modern Period. This allowed for mass production of books.
It played a key role in the development of the Renaissance, Reformation, Englightenment, and the Scientific Revolution and and allowed for the spread of knowledge to the masses.Slide8
Eleanor of Aquitaine
At age 15, Eleanor married King Louis VII of France.
At 19, she rallied troops to join the crusades and surprised her husband, and country, by insisting that women be allowed to accompany the men to the battle and “tend to the wounded.”
Her
marriage to King Louis was eventually anulled, and at the age of 30, she married 20 year old Henry who later became the King of England. One of the only women in History to be Queen in two countries during her lifetime.Slide9
Louis IX, King of France
Born in 1214, crowned King of France at the age of 12.
Was responsible for many social advancements
Worked to write down laws so there would be no confusion
Advocated for trial by jury rather than trial by combat or trial by ordealReformed the systems of taxation and the court system so that justice would be more easily attainableEstablished a hospital for the poor, sick and blindFought in two of the CrusadesDied of Typhoid at the age of 56Slide10
Henry the VIII of England
Was king of England in the late 1400s
Is best known for leading England in its separation from the Catholic church.
He established The Church of England as the sole religion of England
Turned the country to a Protestant nation, although it maintained many of the Catholic beliefsNamed himself the head of The Church of EnglandIs also famous for having six wives, two of whom he had beheaded. He was distantly related to all of his wives. In addition to his wives, he kept a number of mistresses.He had three children with three of his wives, all of whom eventually took the throne.Slide11
Saint Francis of Assissi
Was born to a wealthy Italian merchant family in Assisi.
After having been captured and imprisoned in a local war, he had a series of spiritual “visits” which led him to reject all material goods and live/preach in poverty, working and begging for his food.
He soon attracted a band of followers who came to be known as the Franciscans.
The Franciscans undertook missionary work, aided the poor, and lived off of charity.The Franciscan Order continues today.Slide12
Hildegard of Bingen
Lived from 1098-1179
Entered a religious house for females at the age of 8, took her religious vows at 14, and became abbess (head of the house) at age 24.
After becoming abbess, she began to write about her visions… “A great flash of light from heaven pierced my brain and…in that instant my mind was imbued with the meaning of the sacred books.”
She wrote 3 books about her visionsGained fame as a mystic and prophetessKings, popes, emperors, dukes, bishops and others often sought her advice.Slide13
Pope Gregory VII
Served as Pope from 1073-1085
Is known for issuing a decree which explained the power and importance of the Pope.
Parts of the decree stated,
“10: That the Pope’s name along shall be spoken in churches. 11: That his name is the only name in the world…19: That he himself may be judged by no one….22: That the roman church has never erred; nor will it err to all eternity…”He exerted his power and took pride in his position, using it for both the advancement of the Catholic church and the advancement of his own position. Was the first of many Popes to exert extreme power over society.Slide14
Gengis Kahn
was the founder and
Great Kahn (emperor
) of the
Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his demise.He came to power by uniting many of the nomadic tribes of northeast Asia. After founding the Mongol Empire and being proclaimed "Genghis Khan", he started the Mongol invasion that
resulted in the conquest of most of EurasiaThese campaigns were often accompanied by wholesale massacres of the civilian populations.By the end of his life, the Mongol Empire occupied a substantial portion of Central Asia and China.Slide15
Leif Ericson
A Norse Explorer
Believed to have been the first European to land in North America, nearly 500 years before Christopher Columbus
He
established a Norse settlement at Vinland on the northern tip of Newfoundland in modern-day Canada
.His father Erik the Red founded the first Colonies in GreenlandLeif’s two sons, Thorgills and Thorkell, became chieftains after his death.Slide16
Richard the Lionheart
Is actually Richard I, King of England from 1189 until his death
By age 16, Richard was commanding his own army in defense of his father’s empire. He led the third Crusade for Jerusalem, against the Muslim leader Saladin.
Well liked for his Christian devotion
Although he only spoke French and spent very little time in England, he was named King after his father’s death. Was well-loved by his people, although made very few political/social changes.Slide17
Discussion
What similarities do you see between these key figures?
How are these people different than famous figures of today?
Homework
: Tonight, choose one of these people to research more thoroughly. Tomorrow, you need to have extensive knowledge about this person’s life. Hint: It will help if you either admire them or criticize them.