Years 4491485 Before 449 Julius Caeser came to the isle Briton around year 55 BC People he met Britons Celtic people Picts leftovers from preCeltic civilization ID: 734488
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Slide1Slide2
Anglo-Saxon & Medieval Literature Background
Years: 449-1485Slide3
Before 449
Julius
Caeser
came to the isle “Briton” around year 55 B.C
People he met: Britons
Celtic people
Picts
“leftovers” from pre-Celtic civilization
Gaels- Celtic speakers
Britons were skilled people- knew metal work, agriculture, etc.
Caeser’s
people
returned to Briton about 100 years later…Slide4
Roman Armies Invade
Conquered the Britons
Drove the
Picts
north to what is now Scotland
Britain became a providence of the Roman Empire & cities were introduced, stone roads, written language, &
Christianity
Not all is well for long…Romans return to Rome to defend city, Britain becomes a target of invasion tooSlide5
The Anglo-Saxon Period
Years 449-1066
Angles, Saxons, & other Germanic tribes left their homes & settled in Britain’s eastern & southern shores
Britain’s tried to stop the invasions, lost.
Had to go towards Cornwall & Wales. In with the Gaels, Celtic culture disappeared.Slide6
Heptarchy
7 kingdoms
Kent, Jutes, Saxons of Sussex, Essex,
Wessex
, East Anglia,
Merica
,
Northumbria
,
We call them…. “Anglo-Saxons”
Violent people, wanders, believed in fateSlide7
The Growth of Christianity
Britain had few Christians left, but Christianity never really died completely.
Who was the man that was converting people in Ireland? (Gales became Christian)
Gales moved to Scotland-
Christianity there too.
Augustine arrived and set up a monastery, by 690 all of Britain was at Christian.Slide8
The Danish Invasions
The Danes aka Vikings came to Britain to destroy the monasteries. Began to take control of northern & eastern England.
No success in South because Alfred the Great
878 & 886 agreed to accept Christianity
Fighting resumed after
AtG
died
Edward the Confessor came to throne in 1042, no children, swore William of Normandy (or so he said)
Harold was named heir, Edward & Harold died in battle. William aka William the Conqueror was crowned king of England (1066).Slide9
The Medieval Period
1066-1485Slide10
What does the word “medieval” mean?
William introduced Feudalism.
What is feudalism?
King owns all the land---- gives a ¼ to church, keeps ¼ for himself, loans out the rest to nobles, barons, and on down the ladder.
Barons, knights, ________________, Anglo-Saxons (they were serfs aka peasants who were bound to land that they could not own.
Barons were encouraged to build strong castles so that they could defend this hierarchy in the countryside.Slide11Slide12Slide13Slide14Slide15Slide16
Who Was After William?
His son, Henry 1, Henry died so his daughter Matilda and nephew Stephen. Matilda’s son Henry II then took the throne.
Henry II reformed the judicial system, established juries, formed England’s common law.
Henry’s wife, Eleanor was French. She brought the ideas of chivalry, code of honorSlide17
What is the “Code of Honor”?
Knights were expected to follow this.
Honor and protect ladies
Go on holy quests- the Crusades (Henry’s son Richard I went on these. John his brother plotted against him while he was gone.
Richard I died --
royal treasury was bankrupt
Forced to sign Magna
Carta
in 1215Slide18
Decline of Feudalism
Commoners power was increasing
Trade was up because of the Crusades
Townspeople created groups so that trade would flow
With more people living in towns, disease also was on the rise.
The plague could spread rapidlySlide19
Schools on the RiseSlide20
The 100 Years’ War
John Wycliffe- an Oxford scholar, led an effort to end widespread church corruption.
100 Years’ War- struggle between England and France that started in 1337, lasted longer than 100 years.
Black Death- killed 1/3 of England’s population during this time.Slide21
The Fighting Continues…
Joan of Arc stepped up to be leader
War ends in 1453, England lost all French possessions.
On verge of conflict with 2 families claimed the throne.
The House of York (white rose)
The House of Lancaster (red rose)Slide22
The War of Roses
Fighting ends in 1485
Lancaster house (Henry Tudor) kills Richard III. Henry took throne as Henry VII.
This is the stopping point for the Medieval Ages in England.