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Early Man Chapter 1 and 2 Early Man Chapter 1 and 2

Early Man Chapter 1 and 2 - PowerPoint Presentation

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Early Man Chapter 1 and 2 - PPT Presentation

7 th grade Social Studies Chapter 1Introduction This chapter will introduce you to Early People You will learn about the first humans and about the modern scientists and historians who study them ID: 679991

humans people food early people humans early food farming age chapter stone life section animals government world change hunter

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Slide1

Early Man

Chapter 1 and 27th grade Social StudiesSlide2

Chapter 1-Introduction

This chapter will introduce you to

Early People

. You will learn about the first humans and about the modern scientists and historians who study them.

Section 1: Studying the Distant Past

Section 2: Hunter-Gatherer Societies

Section 3: Populating the EarthSlide3

Chapter 1

Section 1 Studying the Distant PastSlide4

Key terms

anthropology

the study of how human beings behave

archaeologist

—an anthropologist who studies human life by examining the things that people leave behind

prehistory

—the time before written

records

fossil

hardened remains or imprints of living things that existed long ago

geologist

—a scientist who studies the physical materials of Earth itself, such as soil and rocks

artifact

—an object made and used by humansSlide5

Archaeologists

find and study fossils of living things to understand the prehistoric past.Techniques that geologists use to determine the

age of fossils include

layering;

radioactive

dating;

and

DNA

analysis.

Study of Early HumansSlide6

Leakeys found evidence of early human life in Olduvai Gorge in East Africa.

Johanson found hundred of human bone fragments in Ethiopia. White discovered an almost complete skeleton that was about 4.4 million years old.Brunet- Discovered a 7 million year old skull in west Africa.

Important DiscoveriesSlide7

Timeline Practice

Mary and Louis

Leakey first evidence of human life in Olduvai Gorge, Africa

1959

2009

1974

2001

Tim White discovers

Ardi

Donald

Johanson

discovers Lucy

Michael Brunet finds “oldest” skull

1970’s

2000’s

2000’s

1990’s

1980’s

Create equal area timeline and fill in dates and information correctly.Slide8

Quiz Sect.1

Which phrase defines the time called prehistory?

Before computers

Before the year 0

Before written records

Before the year 2000

What do human fossils contain?

bones

brains

skin

hair

What is an artifact?

An imprint of a plant from long ago

The remains of a person from long ago

A food prepared or eaten by humans

An object made or used by humans

What are geologists able to tell archaeologists about fossils?

The beliefs of early people

How early people lived

How old they are

What they were used for

What does an archaeologist study?

H

ow people act when they are togetherThe things that people in the past left behindWhat happens if certain chemicals are combined

Why people need certain foods to survive.Slide9

Chapter 1

Section 2 Hunter-Gatherer SocietiesSlide10

Key terms

hunter-gatherers

people who lived

by hunting

small animals and gathering plants

technology

tools and skills that people

use to

meet their wants and needs

culture

the many different elements

that make

up the way of life of a people

nomads—

people who move from place

to place

with the seasonsSlide11

Lived by hunting small animals and gathering plants.

Tools were very simply made from stone and animal bones to hunt, cut down trees, and cut animal skin.Fire was a huge discovery for humans, could be used as light, to cook the food they had gathered, and to fight.They were natural travelers, they never stayed in one place too long.

Hunter Gatherer SocietiesSlide12

Neanderthals

vs. Homo Sapiens200,000 years ago

Short, sturdy skeletons.

Simple language skills.

No art or music.

Simple burial practices.

100,000 years ago

Taller, Slimmer bodies

Complex language skills

Art and MusicComplex burial practices.

Neanderthals

Homo Sapiens

Both

made

hunting

tools.

used fire.

had

large

brains.

lived

in the same

region about

30,000 to 40,000 years ago.Slide13
Slide14

Quiz Sect.2

Which describes one way that early hunter-gatherers got food?

They used chickens to lay eggs.

They used tools to kill animals.

They grew crops on farms.

They grew seeds and nuts.

What was the main unit of Stone Age culture?

Groups of either hunters or gatherers

A mother, a father, and children

Large tribes led by several leaders

A small group or band of people

Which is a kind of technology used by Stone Age humans?

Fire

Burial

Crops

Eggs

How do nomads live?

They return to the same place each summer and winter.

They make villages from connected caves.

They travel from place to place with the seasons.

they build villages with permanent homes.

Which group was the first to bury its dead?

hunter-gatherers

NeanderthalsHomo sapiens

Early Stone Age humansSlide15

Chapter 1

Section 3 Populating the EarthSlide16

Key terms

populate

become inhabitants of

migration

—process in which

people

leave their

homeland to

live somewhere

else

environment

surroundings

adapt

change one’s way of life

clan

group of families with a

common ancestor

animism

—belief that the natural world

is filled with spiritsSlide17

Population Growth

Two Migration Theories

Out of Africa

Separate Origins

Homo sapiens

originated

in Africa.

They then migrated

to other parts

of the world.

Large-brained humans developed separately in many places.

Different types mixed together and eventually became

Homo sapiens.Slide18
Slide19
Slide20

With every move people had to adapt, or change their way of life, to their new environment.

Climate- Over the past 2 million years, there have been four major Ice Ages.Staying warm- people built huts out of Mammoths fur and cover themselves in animals skins.Larger groups- People could work together to hunt and defend communities.

Developments of clans and clan leaders for community decision-making roles

Development of trading began

Adapting to Varied EnvironmentsSlide21

Artwork- With people living in caves, they started to paint and draw figures and animals on the walls.

Burial practices- People buried their dead with certain items such as Ivory.Religion- Research suggest that early people believed in spirits of the world.

Developing Complex CulturesSlide22

The Big Change

Paleolithic Era/Stone Age

Neolithic Era/New Stone Age

toSlide23

Quiz Sect.3

What is the term for the belief that spirits fill the natural world?

humanism

naturalism

spiritualism

animism

What happens during a migration?

People stay in one place and home or many years.

People move places and homes with the seasons.

People move from their homeland to a new place.

People welcome new people to their home.

What is a clan?

A group of families with a common ancestor

A group of unrelated people who share beliefs

A grandfather, a father, and a grandson

A mother, a father, and their children

Why did modern humans have to adapt?

They had to make new cave paintings.

They had to adjust to new environments.

They had to change their belief systems.

They had to move to America.

How did the world change when modern humans populated it?

They were humans on every island.

There were humans only in Africa.There were humans in every region.There were humans just in warm places.Slide24

Chapter 2-Introduction

This chapter will introduce you to the

Beginning of Civilization

. You will learn about early agriculture and how it made permanent settlements possible.

Section 1: Early Agriculture

Section 2: Cities and CivilizationsSlide25

Chapter 2

Section 1 Early AgricultureSlide26

Key terms

revolution

a complete change in ways of thinking, working, or living

domesticate

—to change the growth of plants or behavior of animals in ways that are useful for humans

surplus

more of something than one needs for one’s own use

specialization

—occurs when people spend most of their time working at a single job or craftSlide27

Old Stone Age

Humans began to make stone tools about 2.5 million years ago.

This

era is

also called

the Paleolithic

Age

Hunter-gatherers

lived in bands of 10 or

12 adults and their children.Finding food was the main activity for hunter-gatherers.

Men

and boys hunted.

Women

and girls

gathered.

They

were nomads who moved with the seasons

to

find

food.

Groups sometimes found shelter in caves. They also

built temporary shelter from branches or animal skin.

Stone Age

New Stone Age

Farming started

Domestication of plants and animals

Two large-brained humans appeared

Neanderthals

Homo sapiens

Development of more complex language skillsSlide28

Farming changed everything for mankind

People had to modify their surrounding in order to help them with food.Domestication- People could change behavior of animals and plants to their advantage.Example- plants became crops, and horses and oxen became work animals.They created new tools such as axes and sickles to help cut crops and trees.

Early AgricultureSlide29

Scientist believe that farming originated in Asia and spread from there.

Cost- Farming took time and effort, crops didn’t always work, and nomads would steal food.Benefits- Required less moving and could feed a family for an entire year on just 6-7 acres of land.

Spread of FarmingSlide30
Slide31

Shelters were made of mud, straw and branches for a more permanent standing home.

Clothing- Cotton and linen were used to make clothing instead of animal skins.Surplus- More than needed.Specialization- Spend most time working on one job.

Social status- In these communities, social status will start to make an appearance in societies.

New Ways of LivingSlide32

Çatalh

ö

y

ü

k

One of the oldest known farming villages

Home to a few thousand people

Attached private dwellings

with no

large public buildings

Evidence of shared religious

rituals

One of the largest and best-preserved Neolithic village in the world.Slide33

Quiz Sect.1

What happens during a revolution?

Life changes some

Life changes completely

Life changes a little

Life doesn’t change at all

What can you do with domesticated animals?

Watch them hunt

Study their origins

Hunt then for food

Use them for work.

3.

Specialization includes people who

are very good at one skill

Grow all their own food

Speak one language very well

Can solve almost any problem

When there is a surplus of food,

Extra food spoils

People wait in line for food

Families have extra food

Not enough rain falls to grow food

What made the first villages possible?Warm clothinggovernment

armiesfarmingSlide34

Chapter 2

Section 2 Cities and CivilizationsSlide35

Key terms

economy

the system that a community

uses to

produce and distribute goods and service

civilization

complex society that has cities,

a well-organized

government, and workers

with specialized

job skills

resource

a supply of something that can

be used

as needed

religion

—a set of shared beliefs

about supernatural

powers that created and rulethe world

social classes—groups of people that occupy different ranks or levels in societySlide36

City of

Uruk- Founded 6,000 year ago and was said to have 6,000 people living in the city.Uruk had a more complex government system to help rule such a large population.

Economic system-

Uruk

was economically dependent on farming and trading.

Uruk

attracted many people including raiders, which is why the city had a wall.

First CitiesSlide37

How

Uruk

differed from

Çatalh

ö

y

ü

k

Uruk

was much larger with many

more people

.

Uruk

had complex government instead

of village

councils.

Uruk

had a more complex economy,

based on

trade and farming instead of just farmingSlide38

Civilization- complex society that has cities, a well- organized government, and workers with specialized job skills.

Resource- Supply of something that can be used as needed.Many civilizations grow around a river valley in order to have enough resources to provide for a village.

Rise of CivilizationsSlide39

Cities-Emerged near farming centers, served as centers of religion, government, and culture.

Organized government- Main role was to control resources and train an army.Religion-belief of supernatural powers that created and rule the world. Power to rule was granted by gods.

Job Specialization- Made sure that there was not too many of one specific job being done.

Features of a CivilizationSlide40
Slide41

Social classes- Groups of people that occupy different ranks or levels in society.

Public Works- Any building that needs to be built in the city falls under this feature.Arts and Architecture- Responsible for decorating magnificent temples, tombs, and palaces.

System of Writing- Responsible for keeping up with the records of the civilization

. Slide42

Quiz Sect.2

What happens in a community’s economy?

Services produce goods and store them for later use.

G

oods and services are produced and distributed.

Hunter, gatherers, and farmers produce everything.

Enough goods are produced for a small number of people to survive.

Which best defines a civilization?

A community ruled by customs and a council to settle disputes

A community built on farming instead of hunting and gathering

A community with cities, government, and specialized workers

A community that has many different social classes

What were the most important resources for early civilizations?

Workers and their skills

Hunters and gatherers

Soil, water, and seeds

Meat, furs, and skins

Which features of civilization is a set of shared beliefs about the world?

Religion

The arts

Government

Job specialization

Which term could you use to describe the structure of social classes in early civilizations?

Circle

SquareTrianglepyramidSlide43

Cities

Organized Government

Established

Religion

Job Specialization

Social Classes

Public

Works

Arts and Architecture

Writing

Features of Civilization

On paper draw and fill in the boxes for each heading.